AbstractGenetic resource is a strategic resource of the 21st century and a hot topic in recent international negotiations. We firstly analyzed the operation mechanism of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the genetic resource issue in the domain of CITES, then we discussed the legislation and its impact on the management of genetic resource in China. We also briefly reviewed implementation of CITES and legislation on genetic resource management in China. We pointed out that problems regarding genetic resource which urgently need to be resolved, including divided duty among multi-authorities, inadequate legislation, and lacking of clear national policy and strategic view, lacking of information, unclear property rights and lacking economic mechanism which benefits conservation and utilization of genetic resources of wild fauna and flora. Finally, we propose resolutions for resolving above problems, such as formulating national strategy, establishing coherent management mechanism, integrating the genetic resources issue into relevant regulations, conducting surveys on genetic resources of wild fauna and flora, establishing economic mechanism which benefits the conservation of genetic resources.