不同土壤水分和养分条件下喜旱莲子草与同属种生长状况的比较研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.2010.615

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)入侵已在中国造成巨大的生态和经济损失。为揭示喜旱莲子草成功入侵的生态机制并预测其种群扩张趋势及其与环境因子的关系, 作者比较了喜旱莲子草与其同属的外来弱入侵种刺花莲子草(A. pungens)以及土著种莲子草(A. sessilis)在不同土壤水分、养分条件下的生长状况。结果显示: 在高水高肥条件下, 喜旱莲子草的生物量要高于刺花莲子草和莲子草, 而在低水低肥条件下却不如这两个同属种; 弱入侵种刺花莲子草在低水条件下的生物量要高于强入侵种喜旱莲子草和土著种莲子草, 说明植物的入侵性受环境条件的影响。另外, 强入侵种喜旱莲子草形态学性状的可塑性较高, 在各种条件下都具有较高的比叶面积, 暗示这两个指标可作为莲子草属外来植物入侵性的预测指标。

关键词: Alternanthera philoxeroides, 同属种, 生物量, 比叶面积, 表型可塑性, 入侵预测

Abstract

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides), a worldwide noxious weed, has caused enormous ecological and economic losses in China. To better understand the species’ successful invasion, and to predict relationships between expansion of its population and environmental conditions, we compared morphological traits of alligator weed with two closely related species, i.e. the geographically restricted alien A. pungens and the native A. sessilis, under different water and nutrient conditions in a common garden experiment. Compared to A. pungens and A. sessilis, alligator weed produced more biomass with high availability of water and nutrients, but did not in conditions of low water availability. These results suggest that the invasiveness of alligator weed may be influenced by environmental conditions. In addition, alligator weed had marginally greater specific leaf area (SLA) and phenotypic plasticity than its congeners. Phenotypic plasticity and SLA may thus have predictive value for invasiveness of alien species under multiple environmental conditions.

Key words: Alternanthera philoxeroides, congenetic species, biomass, SLA, phenotypic plasticity, invasion prediction

王坤, 杨继, 陈家宽 (2010) 不同土壤水分和养分条件下喜旱莲子草与同属种生长状况的比较研究. 生物多样性, 18, 615-621. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2010.615.

Kun Wang, Ji Yang, Jiakuan Chen (2010) Comparison of morphological traits between alligator weed and two congeners under different water and nutrient conditions. Biodiversity Science, 18, 615-621. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2010.615.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.2010.615

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I6/615

图/表 5

图1 不同土壤水分、营养条件下喜旱莲子草、刺花莲子草和莲子草3个物种的生物量。不同小写字母表示在同一土壤条件下物种之间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of environmental factors on biomass of three studied species, Alternanthera philoxeroides, A. pungens and A. sessilis. Different small letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) among species in the same soil condition.

表1 物种(n = 3)、水分(n = 2)、营养(n = 2)对莲子草属植物性状的影响(三因子方差分析)

Table 1 Effects of species (n = 3), water availability (n = 2) and nutrient levels (n = 2) on traits of three Alternanthera species (Three-way ANOVA)

性状 Traits	数据转换 Data trans	物种 Species		水分 Water availability		营养 Nutrient level		物种×水分 Species×water		物种×营养 Species×nutrient		水分×营养 Water×nutrient
性状 Traits	数据转换 Data trans	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
生物量 Biomass	--	21.089	0.000	658.408	0.000	3451.420	0.000	179.623	0.000	103.106	0.000	67.504	0.000
比叶面积 SLA	--	87.535	0.000	3.208	0.000	13.020	0.000	2.971	0.000	0.151	0.000	5.727	0.018
叶面积 Leaf area	--	20.714	0.000	382.271	0.000	1236.911	0.000	13.553	0.000	15.485	0.000	0.483	0.489
叶质量 Leaf mass	$\sqrt{x}$	87.931	0.000	180.221	0.000	503.897	0.000	0.881	0.418	6.235	0.000	0.389	0.534
节间长 Internode length	log(x)	404.691	0.000	205.384	0.000	219.201	0.000	44.146	0.000	14.689	0.000	3.376	0.069
茎直径 Stem diameter	Log(x)	508.679	0.000	237.240	0.000	260.662	0.000	51.080	0.000	19.651	0.003	3.685	0.058

图2 喜旱莲子草、刺花莲子草和莲子草3个物种叶面积、叶质量、节间长、茎直径在不同土壤水分、营养条件下的表现差异

Fig. 2 Difference in leaf size, leaf weight, length of internodes and stem diameter of Alternanthera philoxeroides, A. pungens and A. sessilis among different environmental conditions.

表2 喜旱莲子草、刺花莲子草和莲子草3个物种形态学指标的可塑性指数

Table 2 Values of phenotypic plasticity of three species, Alternanthera philoxeroides, A. pungens and A. sessilis

	喜旱莲子草 A. philoxeroides	刺花莲子草 A. pungens	莲子草 A. sessilis
叶面积 Leaf area	0.621	0.519	0.468
叶质量 Leaf mass	0.592	0.462	0.454
节间长 Internode length	0.639	0.357	0.293
茎直径 Stem diameter	0.597	0.573	0.389

图3 不同土壤水分、营养条件下喜旱莲子草、刺花莲子草和莲子草3个物种的比叶面积。不同小写字母代表在同一土壤条件下物种之间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig. 3 Specific leaf area (SLA) of three studied species in different soil conditions. Different small letters indicate significant differences (P< 0.05) among species in the same soil condition, Alternanthera philoxeroides, A. pungens and A. sessilis.

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