甘肃安西国家级自然保护区脊椎动物20年间的变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13266

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区目前已进行了三次综合科学考察(以下简称科考): 第一次1988-1989年、第二次2002-2003年、第三次2012-2013年。在三次科考20多年的时间跨度中, 脊椎动物各类群物种多样性发生了一定的变化: 鱼类增加了2种, 减少了3种土著种; 两栖爬行类种类一直保持稳定; 保护区三次科考记录的151种鸟类中, 有55.63%(84种)一直稳定分布。因气候变暖, 鸟类区系中东洋界比例增加, 有明显的分布区向西扩散的物种成分, 同时也有从新疆向东扩散的种类以及高原扩散来的成分。20年间分布减少的29种鸟类中, 主要为夏候鸟(41.37%)和旅鸟(48.28%), 这些鸟类的分布消失随机性很大。哺乳类的分布相对比较稳定, 第三次科考没有调查到的6种哺乳类应该是由于调查方法造成的。新增的小五趾跳鼠(Allactaga elater)是甘肃省啮齿类的一个新记录, 表明该物种分布区有向东南扩散的趋势。

关键词: 安西国家级自然保护区, 脊椎动物资源, 物种多样性, 鸟类区系, Allactaga elater

Abstract

In Gansu Anxi Extreme Arid National Nature Reserve, three comprehensive scientific investigation, using line transect and quadrat sampling methods, were conducted every ten-year since 1988 to monitor the dynamics of natural resources. According to survey data, the species diversities of vertebrates in this region have changed over the past two decades. Two introduced species of Cypriniformes were found in the reserve, while three native loach and carp species showed decreased distribution. The distribution and diversity of amphibians and reptiles were stable over the survey period. Among the 151 avian species recorded during the three surveys, 84 species (55.63%) remain stable in the region. The avifauna belonging to the Oriental Region increased significantly and some species increased their distribution west as a result of climate warming. The changes in bird species composition over the 20-year period also included new colonization by species from the west and the Tibetan plateau, and the decreased 29 species mainly including summer migratory species (41.37%) and transient migrants (48.28%). The composition of mammals was relatively stable. The emergence of a small five-toed jerboa (Allactaga elater), which is also a new rodent record of Gansu Province, indicates a southeastward tendency of its distribution.

Key words: Gansu Anxi Extreme Arid National Nature Reserve, vertebrate resources, species diversity, avifauna, Allactaga elater

包新康, 杨增武, 赵伟, 石存海, 杨永伟, 王亮 (2014) 甘肃安西国家级自然保护区脊椎动物20年间的变化. 生物多样性, 22, 539-545. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13266.

Xinkang Bao, Zengwu Yang, Wei Zhao, Cunhai Shi, Yongwei Yang, Liang Wang (2014) The alteration of the vertebrate resources over the past two decades in Gansu Anxi Extreme Arid National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 22, 539-545. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13266.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13266

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I4/539

图/表 5

参考文献 21

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Year	古北型 Palearctic	东洋型 Oriental	不易归类 Widespread	全北型 Holearctic	中亚型 Central Asian	高地型 Highland	东北型 Northeast China	东北-华北型 Northeast-north China	合计 Total
1988	18(23.68%)	2(2.63%)	26(34.21%)	12(15.79%)	10(13.16%)	5(6.58%)	2(2.63%)	1(1.32%)	76
2002	16(20.51%)	4(5.13%)	28(35.90%)	12(15.38%)	10(12.82%)	3(3.85%)	3(3.85%)	1(1.28%)	78
2012	18(21.43%)	5(5.95%)	29(34.52%)	12(14.29%)	12(14.29%)	5(5.95%)	2(2.38%)	1(1.19%)	84

Year	古北型 Palearctic	东洋型 Oriental	不易归类 Widespread	全北型 Holearctic	中亚型 Central Asian	高地型 Highland	东北型 Northeast China	东北-华北型 Northeast-north China	合计 Total
1988	18(23.68%)	2(2.63%)	26(34.21%)	12(15.79%)	10(13.16%)	5(6.58%)	2(2.63%)	1(1.32%)	76
2002	16(20.51%)	4(5.13%)	28(35.90%)	12(15.38%)	10(12.82%)	3(3.85%)	3(3.85%)	1(1.28%)	78
2012	18(21.43%)	5(5.95%)	29(34.52%)	12(14.29%)	12(14.29%)	5(5.95%)	2(2.38%)	1(1.19%)	84

物种 Species	第一次科考 The first investigation (1,195 capture)	第三次科考 The third investigation (1,004 capture)
子午沙鼠 Meriones meridianus	2.59 (31)	2.69 (27)
柽柳沙鼠 M. tamariscinus	0.17 (2)	0.7 (7)
灰仓鼠 Cricetulus migratorius	0.75 (9)	0.6 (6)
三趾跳鼠 Dipus sagitta	4.69 (56)	2.29 (23)
长耳跳鼠 Euchoreutes noso	1.67 (20)	1.1 (11)
五趾跳鼠 Allactaga sibirica	2.51 (30)	1.2 (12)
戈壁五趾跳鼠 A. bullata	+	0.1 (1)
小五趾跳鼠 A. elater		0.2 (2)
捕获率合计 Total capture rate	12.38 (148)	8.86 (89)
Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H)	1.5178	1.7577
均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	0.8471	0.8453

物种 Species	第一次科考 The first investigation (1,195 capture)	第三次科考 The third investigation (1,004 capture)
子午沙鼠 Meriones meridianus	2.59 (31)	2.69 (27)
柽柳沙鼠 M. tamariscinus	0.17 (2)	0.7 (7)
灰仓鼠 Cricetulus migratorius	0.75 (9)	0.6 (6)
三趾跳鼠 Dipus sagitta	4.69 (56)	2.29 (23)
长耳跳鼠 Euchoreutes noso	1.67 (20)	1.1 (11)
五趾跳鼠 Allactaga sibirica	2.51 (30)	1.2 (12)
戈壁五趾跳鼠 A. bullata	+	0.1 (1)
小五趾跳鼠 A. elater		0.2 (2)
捕获率合计 Total capture rate	12.38 (148)	8.86 (89)
Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H)	1.5178	1.7577
均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	0.8471	0.8453