生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 545-553. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017320
吴初平1, 韩文娟2, 江波1, 刘博文3, 袁位高1, 沈爱华1,*(), 黄玉洁1, 朱锦茹1
收稿日期:
2017-12-01
接受日期:
2018-04-02
出版日期:
2018-06-20
发布日期:
2018-09-11
通讯作者:
沈爱华
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Chuping Wu1, Wenjuan Han2, Bo Jiang1, Bowen Liu3, Weigao Yuan1, Aihua Shen1,*(), Yujie Huang1, Jinru Zhu1
Received:
2017-12-01
Accepted:
2018-04-02
Online:
2018-06-20
Published:
2018-09-11
Contact:
Shen Aihua
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
迄今生物多样性与生态系统功能关系的研究主要在物种组成随机配置的人工生态系统中进行, 在自然生态系统中研究较少, 且未考虑环境因子如何影响生态系统功能及其与生物多样性的关系。本研究选取亚热带广泛分布的次生林为研究对象, 利用模型拟合的方法, 探讨亚热带次生林中物种丰富度与生物量和生产力之间的关系, 以及环境因子(海拔、坡度、坡向、土层厚度)和次生林恢复时间(林龄)对生物量、生产力、物种丰富度与生物量和生产力间关系的影响。结果表明, 当不考虑环境因子时, 物种丰富度与生物量之间存在显著的线性正相关关系, 而与生产力之间存在显著的二次关系(先增加后减少的驼峰型)。当考虑环境因子时, 个体密度和土层厚度对生物量具有显著影响, 而环境因子对生产力并无显著效应。在坡度较陡、坡向朝南及土层较厚的环境条件下, 物种丰富度与生物量具有显著的线性正相关关系; 而在坡度较缓、坡向朝北及土层较薄的环境条件下, 物种丰富度不影响生物量。在较高海拔环境条件下, 生产力随物种丰富度先增加后减少(驼峰形状), 而在其他环境条件下, 生产力均不响应物种丰富度。以上结果说明自然森林生态系统中物种丰富度与生物量和生产力的关系存在差异, 且其相互间的关系依赖于环境因子。
吴初平, 韩文娟, 江波, 刘博文, 袁位高, 沈爱华, 黄玉洁, 朱锦茹 (2018) 浙江定海次生林内物种丰富度与生物量和生产力关系的环境依赖性. 生物多样性, 26, 545-553. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017320.
Chuping Wu, Wenjuan Han, Bo Jiang, Bowen Liu, Weigao Yuan, Aihua Shen, Yujie Huang, Jinru Zhu (2018) Relationships between species richness and biomass/productivity depend on environmental factors in secondary forests of Dinghai, Zhejiang Province. Biodiversity Science, 26, 545-553. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017320.
模型 Models | F | R2 | P | AICc |
---|---|---|---|---|
BIO~S | 5.436 | 0.110 | 0.02 | 818.941 |
BIO~ S + S 2 | 2.700 | 0.116 | 0.07 | 821.261 |
∆BIO~S | 0.545 | 0.012 | 0.46 | -34.944 |
∆BIO ~ S + S 2 | 3.075 | 0.125 | 0.05 | -38.123 |
表1 物种丰富度与生物量及生产力间的最优模型分析
Table 1 Analysis of the optimal model between species richness and biomass/productivity
模型 Models | F | R2 | P | AICc |
---|---|---|---|---|
BIO~S | 5.436 | 0.110 | 0.02 | 818.941 |
BIO~ S + S 2 | 2.700 | 0.116 | 0.07 | 821.261 |
∆BIO~S | 0.545 | 0.012 | 0.46 | -34.944 |
∆BIO ~ S + S 2 | 3.075 | 0.125 | 0.05 | -38.123 |
图1 物种丰富度与群落生物量(a)和生产力(b)之间的关系。其中(a)生物量指研究样方20 m × 20 m中2015年所调查个体生物量的总和; (b)生产力指研究样方中2012年和2015年两次调查生物量的比值。虚线为95%置信区间, 实线为表1中具有最低AICc值的模型。
Fig. 1 Relationships between species richness and biomass (a) / productivity (b). The biomass in (a) means the total biomass in each plot (20 m × 20 m) in 2015, and the productivity in (b) means the ration of biomass between 2012 and 2015 in each plot. Dotted lines refer to the 95% confidence interval. Solid lines fitted by the model with lowest AICc value in the Table 1.
估计值 Estimate | 标准误 SE | t | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
生物量 Biomass (BIO) | 截距 Intercept | 8.141 | 0.073 | 111.036 | < 0.001 |
个体密度 Density (ind./ha) | 0.221 | 0.076 | 2.900 | < 0.01 | |
土壤厚度 Soil depth (cm) | 0.136 | 0.075 | 1.815 | 0.07 | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.126 | 0.076 | 1.646 | 0.10 | |
生产力 Productivity (∆BIO) | 截距 Intercept | 0.147 | 0.020 | 7.665 | < 0.001 |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.265 | 0.103 | 2.590 | < 0.05 | |
物种丰富度的平方 Square of species richness | -0.249 | 0.102 | -2.434 | < 0.05 |
表2 显著影响生物量及生产力的环境和群落因子
Table 2 The significant environmental and community factors influencing the biomass and productivity
估计值 Estimate | 标准误 SE | t | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
生物量 Biomass (BIO) | 截距 Intercept | 8.141 | 0.073 | 111.036 | < 0.001 |
个体密度 Density (ind./ha) | 0.221 | 0.076 | 2.900 | < 0.01 | |
土壤厚度 Soil depth (cm) | 0.136 | 0.075 | 1.815 | 0.07 | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.126 | 0.076 | 1.646 | 0.10 | |
生产力 Productivity (∆BIO) | 截距 Intercept | 0.147 | 0.020 | 7.665 | < 0.001 |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.265 | 0.103 | 2.590 | < 0.05 | |
物种丰富度的平方 Square of species richness | -0.249 | 0.102 | -2.434 | < 0.05 |
图2 不同环境条件下生物量和生产力的差异。其中生物量指研究样方20 m × 20 m中2015年所调查个体生物量的总和; 生产力指研究样方中2012和2015年两次调查生物量的比值。
Fig. 2 Variance of biomass and productivity between different environmental gradients. The biomass means the total biomass in each plot (20 m × 20 m) in 2015, and the productivity means the ration of biomass between 2012 and 2015 in each plot.
范围 Ranges | 样方数 No. of plots | 功能变量 Functions | 一次方程 Linear equation | R2 | 二次方程 Quadratic equation | R2 | ΔAICc | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIC | AICc | Sig. | BIC | AICc | Sig. | |||||||
海拔 Elevation (m) | ≤ 65 | 23 | BIO | 423.583 | 421.439 | + | 0.07 | 426.317 | 423.997 | +, - | 0.08 | 2.558 |
∆BIO | -3.744 | -5.887 | + | 0.02 | -3.257 | -5.577 | +, - | 0.12 | 0.310 | |||
> 65 | 23 | BIO | 403.055 | 400.912 | + | 0.20* | 405.131 | 402.811 | -, + | 0.23# | 1.899 | |
∆BIO | -23.754 | -25.897 | + | 0.02 | -26.458 | -28.778 | +, - | 0.24# | -2.881 | |||
坡度 Slope | ≤ 20° | 33 | BIO | 596.410 | 592.748 | + | 0.01 | 598.983 | 594.426 | +, - | 004 | 1.678 |
∆BIO | -15.746 | -19.408 | + | 0.03 | -14.324 | -18.882 | +, - | 0.09 | 0.526 | |||
> 20° | 13 | BIO | 227.108 | 228.079 | + | 0.59** | 227.930 | 230.671 | -, + | 0.64** | 2.592 | |
∆BIO | -10.178 | -9.206 | + | 0.01 | -11.306 | -8.566 | +, - | 0.24 | 0.640 | |||
坡向 Aspect | 南、西南 South, Southwest | 21 | BIO | 370.428 | 368.706 | + | 0.19* | 371.462 | 369.784 | -, + | 0.26# | 1.078 |
西、东南 West, Southeast | ∆BIO | -25.380 | -27.102 | + | 0.01 | -26.650 | -28.328 | +, - | 0.19 | -1.226 | ||
东、东北 East, Northeast | 25 | BIO | 456.261 | 453.747 | + | 0.07 | 457.746 | 454.871 | +, - | 0.14 | 1.124 | |
北、西北 North, Northwest | ∆BIO | -4.620 | -7.133 | + | 0.02 | -3.648 | -6.524 | +, - | 0.10 | 0.609 | ||
土层厚度 Soil depth (cm) | < 40 | 26 | BIO | 454.222 | 451.539 | + | 0.01 | 457.463 | 454.335 | +, - | 0.01 | 2.996 |
∆BIO | -14.875 | -17.559 | + | 0.04 | -11.992 | -15.119 | +, - | 0.06 | 2.440 | |||
≥ 40 | 20 | BIO | 367.197 | 365.710 | + | 0.14# | 369.428 | 368.112 | +, - | 0.17 | 2.402 | |
∆BIO | -12.855 | -14.342 | + | 0.03 | -13.070 | -14.386 | +, - | 0.17 | -0.044 | |||
林龄 Forest age | ≤ 15 | 22 | BIO | 404.116 | 402.176 | + | 0.05 | 406.959 | 404.948 | -, + | 0.06 | 2.772 |
∆BIO | -13.638 | -15.578 | - | 0.01 | -14.995 | -17.006 | +, - | 0.14 | -1.428 | |||
> 15 | 24 | BIO | 422.094 | 419.760 | + | 0.20* | 425.249 | 422.642 | -, + | 0.20# | 2.882 | |
∆BIO | -9.905 | -12.239 | + | 0.02 | -8.569 | -11.176 | +, - | 0.09 | 1.063 |
表3 不同环境条件下物种丰富度与生物量和生产力的关系
Table 3 Relationships between species richness and biomass/productivity in different environmental gradients
范围 Ranges | 样方数 No. of plots | 功能变量 Functions | 一次方程 Linear equation | R2 | 二次方程 Quadratic equation | R2 | ΔAICc | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIC | AICc | Sig. | BIC | AICc | Sig. | |||||||
海拔 Elevation (m) | ≤ 65 | 23 | BIO | 423.583 | 421.439 | + | 0.07 | 426.317 | 423.997 | +, - | 0.08 | 2.558 |
∆BIO | -3.744 | -5.887 | + | 0.02 | -3.257 | -5.577 | +, - | 0.12 | 0.310 | |||
> 65 | 23 | BIO | 403.055 | 400.912 | + | 0.20* | 405.131 | 402.811 | -, + | 0.23# | 1.899 | |
∆BIO | -23.754 | -25.897 | + | 0.02 | -26.458 | -28.778 | +, - | 0.24# | -2.881 | |||
坡度 Slope | ≤ 20° | 33 | BIO | 596.410 | 592.748 | + | 0.01 | 598.983 | 594.426 | +, - | 004 | 1.678 |
∆BIO | -15.746 | -19.408 | + | 0.03 | -14.324 | -18.882 | +, - | 0.09 | 0.526 | |||
> 20° | 13 | BIO | 227.108 | 228.079 | + | 0.59** | 227.930 | 230.671 | -, + | 0.64** | 2.592 | |
∆BIO | -10.178 | -9.206 | + | 0.01 | -11.306 | -8.566 | +, - | 0.24 | 0.640 | |||
坡向 Aspect | 南、西南 South, Southwest | 21 | BIO | 370.428 | 368.706 | + | 0.19* | 371.462 | 369.784 | -, + | 0.26# | 1.078 |
西、东南 West, Southeast | ∆BIO | -25.380 | -27.102 | + | 0.01 | -26.650 | -28.328 | +, - | 0.19 | -1.226 | ||
东、东北 East, Northeast | 25 | BIO | 456.261 | 453.747 | + | 0.07 | 457.746 | 454.871 | +, - | 0.14 | 1.124 | |
北、西北 North, Northwest | ∆BIO | -4.620 | -7.133 | + | 0.02 | -3.648 | -6.524 | +, - | 0.10 | 0.609 | ||
土层厚度 Soil depth (cm) | < 40 | 26 | BIO | 454.222 | 451.539 | + | 0.01 | 457.463 | 454.335 | +, - | 0.01 | 2.996 |
∆BIO | -14.875 | -17.559 | + | 0.04 | -11.992 | -15.119 | +, - | 0.06 | 2.440 | |||
≥ 40 | 20 | BIO | 367.197 | 365.710 | + | 0.14# | 369.428 | 368.112 | +, - | 0.17 | 2.402 | |
∆BIO | -12.855 | -14.342 | + | 0.03 | -13.070 | -14.386 | +, - | 0.17 | -0.044 | |||
林龄 Forest age | ≤ 15 | 22 | BIO | 404.116 | 402.176 | + | 0.05 | 406.959 | 404.948 | -, + | 0.06 | 2.772 |
∆BIO | -13.638 | -15.578 | - | 0.01 | -14.995 | -17.006 | +, - | 0.14 | -1.428 | |||
> 15 | 24 | BIO | 422.094 | 419.760 | + | 0.20* | 425.249 | 422.642 | -, + | 0.20# | 2.882 | |
∆BIO | -9.905 | -12.239 | + | 0.02 | -8.569 | -11.176 | +, - | 0.09 | 1.063 |
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