土壤因子对甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古盐碱土中AM真菌的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08145

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古盐碱土中AM真菌多样性及其与土壤因子间的关系, 2005年5月从甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古7个县(市)的盐碱土中采集主要植物的根围土壤样品, 研究了AM真菌物种多样性。在分离的4属28种AM真菌中, 球囊霉属(Glomus)20种, 多孢囊霉属(Diversispora)2种, 原囊霉属(Archaeospora)2种, 无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)4种。其中根内球囊霉(G. intraradices)和薄壁原囊霉(Ar. leptotichum)的分离频度最高。相关分析和通径分析(path analysis)结果表明, AM真菌种的丰度与土壤有机质和速效N含量呈显著负相关; Cl^-、CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、有机质、速效P和速效K直接影响AM真菌种的丰度, 而SO₄^2-、K⁺、水溶性全盐、Mg²⁺、 pH和速效N则间接影响AM真菌种的丰度; 土壤有机质对AM真菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数有显著直接负效应; Cl^-、CO₃^2-、K⁺、Mg²⁺、有机质、速效P和速效K直接影响Shannon-Wiener多样性指数, 而HCO₃^-、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-、水溶性全盐、pH和速效N则间接影响Shannon-Wiener多样性指数。冗余度分析结果表明, AM真菌种的相对多度与土壤因子间有显著相关性。可见, 甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古盐碱土中AM真菌种类丰富, 其多样性与土壤养分状况、盐度以及离子含量有关。

关键词: 盐碱土, 土壤因子, AM真菌, 丰度, 相对多度, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数

Abstract

In order to explore abuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal resources and reveal the relationship between soil factors and AM fungal diversity, we collected soil samples from the rhizosphere of main plants in saline alkaline soils of Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. A total of 28 AM fungal species were identified. Of these, 20 species belonged to the genus Glomus, 2 to Diversispora, 2 to Archaeospora, and 4 to Acaulospora. The frequencies of G. intraradices and Ar. leptotichum were the highest. Correlation analysis revealed that AM fungal species richness was significantly correlated with the contents of soil organic matter and available N, while Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly related with soil organic matter content. Path analysis revealed that organic matter had an significantly direct negative influence on Shannon-Wiener diversity index; Cl^-, CO₃^2-, K⁺, Mg²⁺, organic matter, available P and available K directly impacted Shannon-Wiener diversity index, while HCO₃^-, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, SO₄^2-, soluble salt, pH value and available N indirectly affected Shannon-Wiener diversity index; Cl^-, CO₃^2-, HCO₃^-, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, organic matter, available P and available K directly impacted AM fungal species richness, while SO₄^2-, K⁺, soluble salt, Mg²⁺, pH value and available N indirectly affected AM fungal species richness. Redundancy analysis revealed that the relative abundance of 14 AM fungal species was significantly correlated with soil factors. Our results indicate that there are plenty of AM fungal species in the saline alkaline soils of the three regions, and AM fungal diversity is related with nutrient status and contents of soluble saline and ions in soils.

Key words: saline alkaline soil, soil factor, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, species richness, relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index

盛敏, 唐明, 张峰峰, 黄艳辉 (2011) 土壤因子对甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古盐碱土中AM真菌的影响. 生物多样性, 19, 85-92. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08145.

Min Sheng, Ming Tang, Fengfeng Zhang, Yanhui Huang (2011) Effect of soil factors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline alkaline soils of Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. Biodiversity Science, 19, 85-92. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08145.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I1/85

图/表 6

参考文献 27

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采样地点 Sampling site	植物种类 Plant species	海拔 Elevation (m)	经纬度 Locality
甘肃安西 Anxi County, Gansu	苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)	1,135	40°29′N, 95°36′E
甘肃敦煌 Dunhuang County, Gansu	棉花(Gossypium herbaceum)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)	1,050	40°25′N, 94°41′E
甘肃玉门镇 Yumen Town, Gansu	沙枣(Elaegnus angustifolia)、马蔺(Iris lactea)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)	1,404	40°26′N, 97°00′E
宁夏平罗 Pingluo County, Ningxia	玉米(Zea mays)、葱(Allium fistulosum)、胡杨(Populus euphratica)、椿树(Ailanthus altissima)、砂柳(Salix gordejevii)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、枸杞(Lycium chinense)、大米草(Spartina anglica)、芨芨草、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)	1,099	38°48′N, 106°16′E
内蒙古呼和浩特市托克托县 Tuoketok County, Inner Mongolia	白刺、芦苇(Phragmites australis)	986	40°17′N, 111°09′E
内蒙古哲里木盟奈曼旗 Naiman Banner, Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia	寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)、冰草、盐角草(Saliconia europaea)、芦苇、马蔺、柠条(Caragana korshinkii)
内蒙古科尔沁左翼中旗 Ke′erqin Left Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia	向日葵(Helianthus annnus)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、筛草(Carex kobomugi)	259	45°3′N, 121°28′E

采样地点 Sampling site	植物种类 Plant species	海拔 Elevation (m)	经纬度 Locality
甘肃安西 Anxi County, Gansu	苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)	1,135	40°29′N, 95°36′E
甘肃敦煌 Dunhuang County, Gansu	棉花(Gossypium herbaceum)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)	1,050	40°25′N, 94°41′E
甘肃玉门镇 Yumen Town, Gansu	沙枣(Elaegnus angustifolia)、马蔺(Iris lactea)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)	1,404	40°26′N, 97°00′E
宁夏平罗 Pingluo County, Ningxia	玉米(Zea mays)、葱(Allium fistulosum)、胡杨(Populus euphratica)、椿树(Ailanthus altissima)、砂柳(Salix gordejevii)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、枸杞(Lycium chinense)、大米草(Spartina anglica)、芨芨草、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)	1,099	38°48′N, 106°16′E
内蒙古呼和浩特市托克托县 Tuoketok County, Inner Mongolia	白刺、芦苇(Phragmites australis)	986	40°17′N, 111°09′E
内蒙古哲里木盟奈曼旗 Naiman Banner, Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia	寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)、冰草、盐角草(Saliconia europaea)、芦苇、马蔺、柠条(Caragana korshinkii)
内蒙古科尔沁左翼中旗 Ke′erqin Left Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia	向日葵(Helianthus annnus)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、筛草(Carex kobomugi)	259	45°3′N, 121°28′E

AM真菌种属 Genera and species of AM fungi	分离频度 Frequency (%)	AM真菌种属 Genera and species of AM fungi	分离频度 Frequency (%)
无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora	36.7	明球囊霉 G. clarum	6.7
浅窝无梗囊霉 A. lacunosa	3.3	缩球囊霉 G. constrictum	66.7
皱壁无梗囊霉 A. rugosa	6.7	副冠球囊霉 G. coronatum	26.7
细凹无梗囊霉 A. scrobiculata	16.7	透光球囊霉 G. diaphanum	3.3
刺无梗囊霉 A. spinosa	16.7	聚生球囊霉 G. fasciculatum	10.0
原囊霉属 Archaeospora	83.3	地球囊霉 G. geosporum	76.7
格氏原囊霉 Ar. gerdemannii	6.7	根内球囊霉 G. intraradices	80.0
薄壁原囊霉 Ar. leptotichum	80.0	木薯球囊霉 G. manihotis	23.3
多孢囊霉属 Diversispora	76.7	摩西球囊霉 G. mosseae	33.3
幼套多孢囊霉 D. etunicatum	3.3	膨果球囊霉 G. pansihalos	3.3
地表多孢囊霉 D. versiforme	73.3	具疱球囊霉 G. pustulatum	16.7
球囊霉属 Glomus	96.7	网状球囊霉 G. reticulatum	3.3
聚丛球囊霉 G. aggregatum	6.7	荫性球囊霉 G. tenebrosum	43.3
白色球囊霉 G. albidum	3.3	三壁球囊霉 G. trimurales	3.3
澳洲球囊霉 G. australe	26.7	疣壁球囊霉 G. verruculosum	20.0
近明球囊霉 G. claroideum	13.3	泡囊球囊霉 G. vesiculiferum	3.3

AM真菌种属 Genera and species of AM fungi	分离频度 Frequency (%)	AM真菌种属 Genera and species of AM fungi	分离频度 Frequency (%)
无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora	36.7	明球囊霉 G. clarum	6.7
浅窝无梗囊霉 A. lacunosa	3.3	缩球囊霉 G. constrictum	66.7
皱壁无梗囊霉 A. rugosa	6.7	副冠球囊霉 G. coronatum	26.7
细凹无梗囊霉 A. scrobiculata	16.7	透光球囊霉 G. diaphanum	3.3
刺无梗囊霉 A. spinosa	16.7	聚生球囊霉 G. fasciculatum	10.0
原囊霉属 Archaeospora	83.3	地球囊霉 G. geosporum	76.7
格氏原囊霉 Ar. gerdemannii	6.7	根内球囊霉 G. intraradices	80.0
薄壁原囊霉 Ar. leptotichum	80.0	木薯球囊霉 G. manihotis	23.3
多孢囊霉属 Diversispora	76.7	摩西球囊霉 G. mosseae	33.3
幼套多孢囊霉 D. etunicatum	3.3	膨果球囊霉 G. pansihalos	3.3
地表多孢囊霉 D. versiforme	73.3	具疱球囊霉 G. pustulatum	16.7
球囊霉属 Glomus	96.7	网状球囊霉 G. reticulatum	3.3
聚丛球囊霉 G. aggregatum	6.7	荫性球囊霉 G. tenebrosum	43.3
白色球囊霉 G. albidum	3.3	三壁球囊霉 G. trimurales	3.3
澳洲球囊霉 G. australe	26.7	疣壁球囊霉 G. verruculosum	20.0
近明球囊霉 G. claroideum	13.3	泡囊球囊霉 G. vesiculiferum	3.3

	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	CO₃^2-	HCO₃^-	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	水溶性全盐 Soluble salt	pH	有机质 Organic matter	速效P Available P	速效K Available K	速效N Available N
SR	-0.36	0.16	0.23	0.17	-0.210	0.0084	-0.0055	-0.082	0.071	0.22	-0.55^*	-0.14	0.021	-0.44^*
H	-0.26	0.21	0.11	0.15	-0.092	0.069	0.058	0.0410	0.130	0.14	-0.48^*	-0.29	0.048	-0.32