我国抗虫转基因杨树生态安全性研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.336

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转基因树木与农作物相比, 人们更关注其长时间种植可能导致转基因扩散到周围野生近缘种。由于生长周期长, 转基因树木会增加转基因不稳定性, 对非靶标生物的影响, 靶标害虫对转基因植物产生抗性, 增加树木入侵性(杂草化), 以及由于基因漂移或基因逃逸对环境产生的负面影响或新的环境风险。过去十几年, 针对我国抗食叶害虫的两个商业化转Bt基因欧洲黑杨(Populus nigra)和转双抗虫基因741杨[P. alba× (P. davidiana + P. simonii) × P. tomentosa], 已开展了有关生态安全性方面的多项研究。本文围绕抗虫转基因树木生态安全性研究进展进行了综述。抗虫转基因杨树对节肢动物种群和群落结构产生了一定影响, 使昆虫的多样性提高, 但对土壤微生物区系未见明显影响。转基因欧洲黑杨通过花粉和种子发生的基因漂移几率很低。转基因杨树通过内生菌发生的水平转移可能会对环境造成的潜在危险也进行了评价。文章最后指出对抗虫转基因杨树农林复合生态系统开展生物安全研究的必要性。

关键词: 转基因杨树, Bt基因, 害虫, 生物安全, 基因漂移

Abstract

More concerns have been focused on transgenic trees than transgenic food crops because of their longevity and the likelihood that transgene might spread to related species of wild trees grown nearby. Detailed, the long life span of trees could increase the likelihood of transgene instability, affect diversity of non-target organisms, improve resistance to insecticidal proteins, increase invasiveness of the tree itself (weediness), and arouse negative environmental consequences or new environmental risks resulted from gene flow or gene escape. The transgenic black poplar Populus nigra carrying Bt gene and hybrid white poplar clone 741[Populus alba× (P. davidiana + P. simonii) × P. tomentosa] carring fusion genes, which are resistant to leaf insects, have been commercial release in China since 2002. In this review, we provide a brief overview of biosafety assessment researches on transgenic insect-resistant poplar varieties during the last decades. Arthropod population and community structure have changed within the transgenic poplar plantations, and the diversity of the insect community has increased. But there are no significant changes for soil microbial communities. Gene flow monitoring in the transgenic black poplar plantation showed that the probability of gene escape is very low via pollen and seeds. The potential environment risk was also evaluated based on the experiments of horizontal gene transfer from transgenic poplars through endophytic bacteria. We pointed out the necessity of the biosafety assessments concerning the transgenic poplars when intercropping with food crops.

Key words: transgenic poplar, Btgene, insect pests, biosafety, gene flow

胡建军, 杨敏生, 卢孟柱 (2010) 我国抗虫转基因杨树生态安全性研究进展. 生物多样性, 18, 336-345. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.336.

Jianjun Hu, Minsheng Yang, Mengzhu Lu (2010) Advances in biosafety studies on transgenic insect-resistant poplars in China. Biodiversity Science, 18, 336-345. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.336.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.336

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I4/336

图/表 2

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研究单位 Research Unit	杨树品种 Poplar variety	抗虫基因 Insect-resistant gene	标记基因 Marker gene	启动子 Promoter	相关文献 References
中国林业科学研究院林业研究所	欧洲黑杨 Populus nigra	BtCry1Ac	nptⅡ	35S	田颖川等(1993)
	欧洲黑杨 P. nigra	Bt+PI	nptⅡ	35S	李明亮等(2000)
	银腺杨 P. alba×P. glandulosa	BtCry3A+水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂基因(Oc-I)	nptⅡ	35S	张冰玉等(2005)
	银腺杨 P. alba×P. glandulosa	BtCry3A	nptⅡ	35S	张冰玉等(2006)
	健杨94 P.×euramericana cv. ‘Robusta’	BtCry1Ac	nptⅡ	35S	李淑梅等(2008)
河北农业大学	白杨杂种741杨 P. alba× (P. davidiana + P. simonii) × P. tomentosa	BtCry1Ac+慈菇蛋白酶抑制基因(API)	nptⅡ	35S	田颖川等(2000) 郑均宝等(2000) 杨敏生等(2005)
	三倍体毛白杨 (P. tomentosa×P. bolleana) × P. tomentosa	BtCry1Ac+API	nptⅡ	35S	杨敏生等(2006a)
	白杨杂种741杨 P. alba× (P. davidiana+ P. simonii) × P. tomentosa	BtCry3A	nptⅡ	CoYMVP	甄志先等(2007) 王彦平等(2008)
北京林业大学	毛白杨 P. tomentosa	豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(CpTI)	nptⅡ	35S	郝贵霞等(2000)
南京林业大学	杨树杂种NL-80106(美洲黑杨×小叶杨)P. deltoides×P. simonii	BtCry1Aa +CpTI	nptⅡ	35S	饶红宇等(2000)
	新疆杨 P. alba var. pyramidalis	CpTI	nptⅡ	35S	诸葛强等(2003)
	南林895杨 P.×euramericana cv. Nanlin895’	Bt+CpTI	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	诸葛强等(2006)
中国农科院	杨树杂种N-106(美洲黑杨×小叶杨) P. deltoides×P. simonii	蝎神经毒素基因(AaIT)	nptⅡ	35S	伍宁丰等(2000)
东北林业大学	小黑杨 P. simonii×P. nigra	Bt-C肽+蜘蛛杀虫肽	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	常玉广等(2004) 姜静等(2004)
	山新杨 P. davidiana×P. bollena	Bt+蜘蛛杀虫肽	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	左丽丽(2009) ^①(①左丽丽 (2009) 山新杨转Bt+转蜘蛛杀虫肽基因的研究. 东北林业大学硕士学位论文.)
	欧美杨108P. × euramericana cv. ‘Guariento’	Bt+蜘蛛杀虫肽	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	遇文婧等(2009)
西北农林科技大学	毛白杨无性系85号 P. tomentosa 银腺杨 P. alba×P. glandulosa	BtCry1Ac+API	nptⅡ	35S	李科友等(2007a, b)
山东农业大学	欧美杨107P.×euramericana cv. ‘Neva’	CpTI	nptⅡ	35S	赵强等(2005)
山西大学	青杨 P. cathayana	几丁质酶基因(chitinase)+蝎毒基因(BmKITS)	nptⅡ	Ubi, 35S	杨利艳等(2008) 张志云等(2004)
黄石理工学院	中嘉8号 P. deltoides (I-63×I-69)	BtCry1A	nptⅡ	35S	康薇等(2009)

研究单位 Research Unit	杨树品种 Poplar variety	抗虫基因 Insect-resistant gene	标记基因 Marker gene	启动子 Promoter	相关文献 References
中国林业科学研究院林业研究所	欧洲黑杨 Populus nigra	BtCry1Ac	nptⅡ	35S	田颖川等(1993)
	欧洲黑杨 P. nigra	Bt+PI	nptⅡ	35S	李明亮等(2000)
	银腺杨 P. alba×P. glandulosa	BtCry3A+水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂基因(Oc-I)	nptⅡ	35S	张冰玉等(2005)
	银腺杨 P. alba×P. glandulosa	BtCry3A	nptⅡ	35S	张冰玉等(2006)
	健杨94 P.×euramericana cv. ‘Robusta’	BtCry1Ac	nptⅡ	35S	李淑梅等(2008)
河北农业大学	白杨杂种741杨 P. alba× (P. davidiana + P. simonii) × P. tomentosa	BtCry1Ac+慈菇蛋白酶抑制基因(API)	nptⅡ	35S	田颖川等(2000) 郑均宝等(2000) 杨敏生等(2005)
	三倍体毛白杨 (P. tomentosa×P. bolleana) × P. tomentosa	BtCry1Ac+API	nptⅡ	35S	杨敏生等(2006a)
	白杨杂种741杨 P. alba× (P. davidiana+ P. simonii) × P. tomentosa	BtCry3A	nptⅡ	CoYMVP	甄志先等(2007) 王彦平等(2008)
北京林业大学	毛白杨 P. tomentosa	豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(CpTI)	nptⅡ	35S	郝贵霞等(2000)
南京林业大学	杨树杂种NL-80106(美洲黑杨×小叶杨)P. deltoides×P. simonii	BtCry1Aa +CpTI	nptⅡ	35S	饶红宇等(2000)
	新疆杨 P. alba var. pyramidalis	CpTI	nptⅡ	35S	诸葛强等(2003)
	南林895杨 P.×euramericana cv. Nanlin895’	Bt+CpTI	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	诸葛强等(2006)
中国农科院	杨树杂种N-106(美洲黑杨×小叶杨) P. deltoides×P. simonii	蝎神经毒素基因(AaIT)	nptⅡ	35S	伍宁丰等(2000)
东北林业大学	小黑杨 P. simonii×P. nigra	Bt-C肽+蜘蛛杀虫肽	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	常玉广等(2004) 姜静等(2004)
	山新杨 P. davidiana×P. bollena	Bt+蜘蛛杀虫肽	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	左丽丽(2009) ^①(①左丽丽 (2009) 山新杨转Bt+转蜘蛛杀虫肽基因的研究. 东北林业大学硕士学位论文.)
	欧美杨108P. × euramericana cv. ‘Guariento’	Bt+蜘蛛杀虫肽	nptⅡ, GUS	35S	遇文婧等(2009)
西北农林科技大学	毛白杨无性系85号 P. tomentosa 银腺杨 P. alba×P. glandulosa	BtCry1Ac+API	nptⅡ	35S	李科友等(2007a, b)
山东农业大学	欧美杨107P.×euramericana cv. ‘Neva’	CpTI	nptⅡ	35S	赵强等(2005)
山西大学	青杨 P. cathayana	几丁质酶基因(chitinase)+蝎毒基因(BmKITS)	nptⅡ	Ubi, 35S	杨利艳等(2008) 张志云等(2004)
黄石理工学院	中嘉8号 P. deltoides (I-63×I-69)	BtCry1A	nptⅡ	35S	康薇等(2009)