基于rDNA ITS序列探讨粉煤灰污染对萼花臂尾轮虫种群遗传多样性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.241

生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 241-250. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.241

基于rDNA ITS序列探讨粉煤灰污染对萼花臂尾轮虫种群遗传多样性的影响

张根¹, 席贻龙¹^,^*(), 薛颖昊¹, 胡忻², 项贤领¹, 温新利¹

1 安徽师范大学生命科学学院; 安徽省高校生物环境与生态安全省级重点实验室, 安徽芜湖 241000
2 南京大学现代分析测试中心, 江苏南京 210093

收稿日期:2010-02-02 接受日期:2010-05-11 出版日期:2010-05-20 发布日期:2012-02-08
通讯作者: 席贻龙
作者简介:* E-mail: ylxi1965@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30770352);国家自然科学基金(30870369);安徽省优秀青年基金滚动资助项目(08040106904);安徽省重要生物资源的保护和利用研究重点实验室专项基金资助项目;安徽省教育厅自然科学基金项目(KJ2009B089Z);安徽省高等学校优秀青年基金(2009SQRZ029)

Effects of coal ash pollution on the genetic diversity of Brachionus calyciflorus based on rDNA ITS sequences

Gen Zhang¹, Yilong Xi¹^,^*(), Yinghao Xue¹, Xin Hu², Xianling Xiang¹, Xinli Wen¹

1 Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment & Ecological Safety in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000
2 Center of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093

Received:2010-02-02 Accepted:2010-05-11 Online:2010-05-20 Published:2012-02-08
Contact: Yilong Xi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文通过rDNA ITS序列测定和分析, 比较研究了粉煤灰污染水体(灰湖)与未污染水体(凤鸣湖和汀棠湖)萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)的种群遗传多样性。结果表明, 灰湖萼花臂尾轮虫仅有1个姐妹种, 而两对照湖泊均存在2个姐妹种, 粉煤灰污染使萼花臂尾轮虫种复合体内姐妹种数量减少。就三个湖泊共有的姐妹种I而言, 灰湖轮虫种群单倍型多样性最低(h= 0.9516), 核苷酸多样性(π = 0.0066)低于汀棠湖(π = 0.0073)却高于凤鸣湖种群(π = 0.0052), 粉煤灰污染对萼花臂尾轮虫种群遗传多样性表现出一定的破坏作用; 凤鸣湖轮虫种群核苷酸多样性最低, 可能是由于水体中晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna)和桡足类动物捕食压力较高以及周围农田污染的联合作用造成的。三湖泊间, 仅汀棠湖与凤鸣湖轮虫种群间基因交流值较低(N_m = 1.95), 种群分化指数较高(F_st = 0.11358); 而灰湖与汀棠湖以及灰湖与凤鸣湖轮虫种群间基因交流水平较高(N_m均大于4), 种群分化指数较低(F_st分别为0.03535和0.00276)。AMOVA分析显示汀棠湖与凤鸣湖轮虫种群间变异所占比例较高, 为12.87%; 而灰湖与汀棠湖以及灰湖与凤鸣湖轮虫种群间变异所占比例较低, 分别为3.78%和2.78%。粉煤灰污染水体与未污染水体萼花臂尾轮虫种群间保持较高水平的基因交流, 种群分化不明显。

关键词: 序列分析, 电厂, 遗传分化, 重金属, 水质分析

Abstract

In this study, rDNA ITS sequences were analyzed to compare the genetic diversity of Brachionus calyciflorus from the coal ash contaminated (Lake Hui) and two uncontaminated lakes (Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming). The results showed that two sibling species in Brachionus calyciflorus species complex were defined in both Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming, but only one sibling species was found in Lake Hui. The coal ash pollution decreased the number of sibling species. Based on the sequences of sibling species I coexisting in all the three lakes, the haplotype diversity of the rotifer population from Lake Hui was the lowest (h=0.9516), and the nucleotide diversity of the rotifer population from Lake Hui (π=0.0066) was lower than that from Lake Tingtang (π=0.0073) but higher than that from Lake Fengming (π=0.0052). The lowest nucleotide diversity of the rotifer population from Lake Fengming might be attributed to the combined effects of the pollution from surrounding agricultural fields and higher predation pressure from Asplanchna and copepod. Among the three lakes, a lower N_m (1.95) but a higher F_st (0.11358) were found between rotifer populations from Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming, but higherN_m values (>4) were confirmed between the rotifer populations from Lake Hui and Lake Tingtang as well as Lake Hui and Lake Fengming, with the lowerF_st values of 0.03535 and 0.00276, respectively. AMOVA indicated that a higher percentage of variation (12.87%) was found between the populations from Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming, but lower percentages (3.78% and 2.78%) were evaluated between the populations from Lake Hui and Lake Tingtang as well as Lake Hui and Lake Fengming. There was a moderate level of gene exchange, but no obvious differentiation between the populations from coal ash polluted and unpolluted lakes.

Key words: sequence analysis, power plant, genetic differentiation, heavy metal, water quality analysis

张根, 席贻龙, 薛颖昊, 胡忻, 项贤领, 温新利 (2010) 基于rDNA ITS序列探讨粉煤灰污染对萼花臂尾轮虫种群遗传多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 18, 241-250. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.241.

Gen Zhang, Yilong Xi, Yinghao Xue, Xin Hu, Xianling Xiang, Xinli Wen (2010) Effects of coal ash pollution on the genetic diversity of Brachionus calyciflorus based on rDNA ITS sequences. Biodiversity Science, 18, 241-250. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.241.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.241

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I3/241

图/表 7

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指标 Indexes	灰湖 Lake Hui	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang
温度 Temperature (℃)	22	22.3	25
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	10.24	9.26	7.5
pH	9.82	8.5	7.82
可溶性总氮 Total dissolved nitrogen (mg/L)	0.31	1.05	0.8
可溶性总磷 Total dissolved phosphate (mg/L)	0.078	0.06	0.015
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L)	3.25	1.47	1.89
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (μg/L)	8.19	36.58	32.76

指标 Indexes	灰湖 Lake Hui	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang
温度 Temperature (℃)	22	22.3	25
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	10.24	9.26	7.5
pH	9.82	8.5	7.82
可溶性总氮 Total dissolved nitrogen (mg/L)	0.31	1.05	0.8
可溶性总磷 Total dissolved phosphate (mg/L)	0.078	0.06	0.015
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L)	3.25	1.47	1.89
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (μg/L)	8.19	36.58	32.76

元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	水质检测结果 Test results for water quality
元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	灰湖 Lake Hui	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming
Al (mg/L)	396.153	0.0246	-	0.375	BDL	0.033
As (mg/L)	193.696	0.1188	0.1	0.212*	BDL	BDL
B (mg/L)	249.677	0.0144	0.5	2.088*	0.089	0.091
Ba (mg/L)	455.403	0.0096	0.7	0.029	0.062	0.080
Be (mg/L)	234.861	0.0000	0.002	BDL	BDL	BDL
Bi (mg/L)	223.061	0.0225	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Ca (mg/L)	317.933	0.1335	-	68.560	31.120	41.010
Cd (mg/L)	226.502	0.0018	0.01	0.002	BDL	BDL
Co (mg/L)	228.616	0.0027	1.0	BDL	BDL	BDL
Cr (mg/L)	267.716	0.0012	Cr⁶⁺≤0.1	0.055	BDL	BDL
Cu (mg/L)	324.752	0.0009	1	0.001	0.002	0.002
Fe (mg/L)	259.939	0.0174	0.3	BDL	BDL	BDL
K (mg/L)	766.490	0.0612	-	10.78	6.866	7.139
Li (mg/L)	670.784	0.0015	-	0.404	0.008	0.004
Mg (mg/L)	279.077	0.0120	-	0.769	9.827	11.140
Mn (mg/L)	257.610	0.0003	0.1	BDL	0.001	0.005
Mo (mg/L)	202.031	0.0042	0.07	0.346*	0.007	0.013
Na (mg/L)	589.592	0.0120	-	40.180	28.66	31.740
Ni (mg/L)	231.604	0.0021	0.02	BDL	BDL	BDL
Pb (mg/L)	220.353	0.0276	0.1	BDL	BDL	0.034
Pd (mg/L)	340.458	0.0039	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Sb (mg/L)	217.582	0.0033	0.005	0.026*	0.031*	0.023*
Se (mg/L)	196.026	0.0384	0.02	0.164*	BDL	BDL
Si (mg/L)	251.611	0.0084	-	2.293	1.419	0.985
Sn (mg/L)	283.998	0.0279	-	0.069	BDL	BDL
Sr (mg/L)	460.733	0.0183	-	0.888	0.298	0.276
Ti (mg/L)	334.940	0.0069	0.1	BDL	BDL	BDL
V (mg/L)	292.402	0.0201	0.05	0.278*	BDL	BDL
Zn (mg/L)	213.857	0.0018	2	0.005	0.003	0.005
Hg (μg/L)	-	0.0080	1	0.121	0.144	0.113

元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	水质检测结果 Test results for water quality
元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	灰湖 Lake Hui	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming
Al (mg/L)	396.153	0.0246	-	0.375	BDL	0.033
As (mg/L)	193.696	0.1188	0.1	0.212*	BDL	BDL
B (mg/L)	249.677	0.0144	0.5	2.088*	0.089	0.091
Ba (mg/L)	455.403	0.0096	0.7	0.029	0.062	0.080
Be (mg/L)	234.861	0.0000	0.002	BDL	BDL	BDL
Bi (mg/L)	223.061	0.0225	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Ca (mg/L)	317.933	0.1335	-	68.560	31.120	41.010
Cd (mg/L)	226.502	0.0018	0.01	0.002	BDL	BDL
Co (mg/L)	228.616	0.0027	1.0	BDL	BDL	BDL
Cr (mg/L)	267.716	0.0012	Cr⁶⁺≤0.1	0.055	BDL	BDL
Cu (mg/L)	324.752	0.0009	1	0.001	0.002	0.002
Fe (mg/L)	259.939	0.0174	0.3	BDL	BDL	BDL
K (mg/L)	766.490	0.0612	-	10.78	6.866	7.139
Li (mg/L)	670.784	0.0015	-	0.404	0.008	0.004
Mg (mg/L)	279.077	0.0120	-	0.769	9.827	11.140
Mn (mg/L)	257.610	0.0003	0.1	BDL	0.001	0.005
Mo (mg/L)	202.031	0.0042	0.07	0.346*	0.007	0.013
Na (mg/L)	589.592	0.0120	-	40.180	28.66	31.740
Ni (mg/L)	231.604	0.0021	0.02	BDL	BDL	BDL
Pb (mg/L)	220.353	0.0276	0.1	BDL	BDL	0.034
Pd (mg/L)	340.458	0.0039	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Sb (mg/L)	217.582	0.0033	0.005	0.026*	0.031*	0.023*
Se (mg/L)	196.026	0.0384	0.02	0.164*	BDL	BDL
Si (mg/L)	251.611	0.0084	-	2.293	1.419	0.985
Sn (mg/L)	283.998	0.0279	-	0.069	BDL	BDL
Sr (mg/L)	460.733	0.0183	-	0.888	0.298	0.276
Ti (mg/L)	334.940	0.0069	0.1	BDL	BDL	BDL
V (mg/L)	292.402	0.0201	0.05	0.278*	BDL	BDL
Zn (mg/L)	213.857	0.0018	2	0.005	0.003	0.005
Hg (μg/L)	-	0.0080	1	0.121	0.144	0.113

参数 Parameters	灰湖 Lake Hui	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang
样本量 Sample size	38	27	9
单倍型总数 No. of haplotype	28	26	9
单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity	0.9516	0.9943	1.0000
核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity	0.0066	0.0052	0.0073

基于rDNA ITS序列探讨粉煤灰污染对萼花臂尾轮虫种群遗传多样性的影响

Effects of coal ash pollution on the genetic diversity of Brachionus calyciflorus based on rDNA ITS sequences

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	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang	灰湖 Lake Hui
凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	0.0052
汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang	0.0071	0.0073
灰湖 Lake Hui	0.0061	0.0073	0.0067

	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	灰湖 Lake Hui	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang
凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming		0.00276	0.11358
灰湖 Lake Hui	7.63		0.03535
汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang	1.95	6.82

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