光皮桦6个南方天然群体的遗传多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.233

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示中国特有珍贵用材树种光皮桦(Betula luminifera)天然群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构, 采用AFLP分子标记, 分析了采自浙江、福建、江西、广西和贵州5个省区6个天然群体的120份样品。9对引物获得了355个位点, 其中多态性位点323个。分析结果表明光皮桦天然群体具有较高的遗传多样性, 多态位点百分率(PPL)达90.99%, 各群体的PPL和Nei’s基因多样性(h_j)分别为93.20-98.60%和0.3143-0.3645; 总群体遗传多样性指数(H_t)为0.3616, 群体间遗传分化系数(F_st)为0.0650, 群体间总的基因流较高(N_m= 3.5962)。AMOVA分析表明群体间的遗传变异占总变异的11.49%, 浙江临安群体和贵州修文群体间的遗传距离最大(0.0665), 江西龙南群体和广西龙胜群体间的遗传距离最小(0.0173), 且遗传结构分析显示这两个群体的部分个体可能来自同一近祖。Mantel检测发现, 群体间的遗传距离与地理距离没有显著相关性(r = 0.423, P = 0.113), 而与两两群体所在地的均温差呈显著相关(r = 0.449, P = 0.017)。结合群体实地调查, 可以得出光皮桦天然群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构的形成不仅与其广域分布、自然杂交、种子特性以及生活史有关, 而且与群体被人为砍伐、生境片断化等因素有重要关系。基于上述结果我们提出了光皮桦天然种群的保护策略。

关键词: Betula luminifera, AFLP标记, 遗传结构, 遗传分化, 遗传距离, 基因流

Abstract

Betula luminifera, a precious timber species in southern mountain areas of China, can be found only in natural reserves because of over harvesting. We examined the genetic diversity and genetic structure of six natural populations of B. luminifera distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Guizhou using AFLP markers. A total of 323 polymorphic loci were amplified and 355 alleles were detected using nine pairs of primers. Percentage of polymorphism loci (PPL) ranged 93.20-98.60% and Nei’s gene diversity (h_j) ranged 0.3143-0.3645, suggesting a high genetic diversity in natural populations of B. luminifera. At the species level, the total genetic diversity (H_t) was 0.3616. High gene flow (N_m = 3.5962) was detected among populations, and the genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.0650. AMOVA analysis showed that genetic variation among the populations accounted for 11.49% of the total. Genetic distance was the largest (0.0665) between Zhejiang (LA) and Guizhou (XW) populations and the smallest (0.0173) between Jiangxi (LN) and Guangxi (LS) populations, indicating that LN and LS populations may originate from the same ancestor. Mantel test revealed that genetic distance was not significantly related to geographical distance (r = 0.423,P = 0.113) but was significantly relative to average temperature difference of each location (r = 0.449, P = 0.017). In combination with on-site investigation, we conclude that the present status of genetic diversity and genetic structure of natural populations of B. luminifera was strongly affected by harvesting and habitat fragmentation. We propose some suggestions on its conservation.

Key words: Betula luminifera, AFLP marker, genetic structure, genetic differentiation, genetic diversity

张俊红, 黄华宏, 童再康, 程龙军, 梁跃龙, 陈奕良 (2010) 光皮桦6个南方天然群体的遗传多样性. 生物多样性, 18, 233-240. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.233.

Junhong Zhang, Huahong Huang, Zaikang Tong, Longjun Cheng, Yuelong Liang, Yiliang Chen (2010) Genetic diversity in six natural populations of Betula luminifera from southern China. Biodiversity Science, 18, 233-240. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.233.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.233

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I3/233

图/表 8

表1 光皮桦天然群体采样地概况

Table 1 Survey of sampling locations in natural populations of Betula luminifera

群体 Population	采样地 Collection site	经纬度 Locality	温度 Temperature (℃)	降水量 Precipitation (mm)
浙江临安 LA	浙江临安太湖源 Taihuyuan, Lin’an, Zhejiang	119°33′ E 30°25′ N	15.5	1,375.8
浙江庆元 QY	浙江庆元巾子峰 Jinzifeng, Qingyuan, Zhejiang	119°08′ E 27°41′ N	17.7	1,645.5
江西龙南 LN	江西赣州九连山 Jiulianshan, Ganzhou, Jiangxi	114°28′ E 24°33′ N	19.5	1,395.3
广西龙胜 LS	广西龙胜花坪 Huaping, Longsheng, Guangxi	109°55′ E 25°38′ N	18.7	1,577.3
贵州修文 XW	贵州修文 Xiuwen, Guizhou	106°34′ E 26°49′ N	15.2	1,128.3
福建尤溪 YX	福建尤溪 Youxi, Fujian	118°10′ E 25°56′ N	19.3	1,322.8

表2 AFLP检测的光皮桦6个群体的遗传多样性水平

Table 2 Genetic diversity of six Betula luminifera populations detected by AFLP

群体 Population	样本数量 Sample size	多态位点数 N	多态位点百分率 PPL(%)	Nei’s基因多样性(标准差) h_j(standard error)	个体取样的变异比例 VarI (%)	位点导致的变异比例 VarL (%)
浙江临安 LA	20	337	94.9	0.3422(0.0074)	40.3	59.7
浙江庆元 QY	20	350	98.6	0.3645(0.0065)	46.5	53.5
江西龙南 LN	20	333	93.8	0.3309(0.0072)	37.5	62.5
广西龙胜 LS	20	332	93.5	0.3143(0.0076)	37.6	62.4
贵州修文 XW	20	331	93.2	0.3230(0.0076)	35.1	64.9
福建尤溪 YX	20	335	94.4	0.3535(0.0069)	37.7	62.3

图1 基于STRUCTURE软件对6个光皮桦群体的亲缘关系分析。纵坐标表示各群体中的单株占某群体祖先成分的比例, 其中江西龙南群体和广西龙胜群体混合为一个群体; 浙江临安群体、浙江庆元群体、江西龙南与广西龙胜混合群体、贵州修文群体和福建尤溪群体分别用黄色、红色、粉红色、蓝色和绿色表示。

Fig. 1 Ancestry of Betula luminifera from six population estimated using STRUCTURE. Population LA, QY, admixture of LN and LS, XW and YX gene pools are shown in yellow, red, pink, blue and green respectively. Y-coordinate denotes the proportion of ancestry components in an individual in relation to other population.

表3 AFLP检测获得的6个群体的分子变异分析

Table 3 Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of six populations in Betula luminifera

变异来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	变异组分 Variance components	变异贡献率(%) Contribution of variation	遗传分化系数(ф_ST) Genetic differentiation index	P
群体间 Among populations	5	6.38404	11.49%	0.11489	<0.0001^**
群体内 Within populations	113	49.18305	88.51%
总计 Total	118	55.56709

表4 6个群体间的遗传距离(对角线下半部分)及遗传分化系数(对角线上半部分)

Table 4 Nei’s genetic distance (below diagonal) and genetic differentiation (pairwise фST,above diagonal) between populations in Betula luminifera

群体	LA	QY	LN	LS	XW	YX
LA	****	0.0637	0.1115	0.1135	0.1146	0.0881
QY	0.0377	****	0.0534	0.0516	0.0612	0.0358
LN	0.0657	0.0302	****	0.0349	0.0513	0.0385
LS	0.0643	0.0276	0.0173	****	0.0551	0.0552
XW	0.0665	0.0342	0.0266	0.0276	****	0.0379
YX	0.0529	0.0210	0.0209	0.0293	0.0201	****

图2 6个光皮桦群体的UPGMA聚类图

Fig. 2 A UPGMA dendrogram of six populations of Betula luminifera based on genetic distance

图3 遗传距离与地理距离的Mantel相关性检测

Fig. 3 Mantel correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance

图4 光皮桦群体间的遗传距离与气温差值(A)和降水量差值(B)的Mantel相关性检测

Fig. 4 Mantel correlations between genetic distance and temperature difference (A) and precipitation difference (B)

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