生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 330-339. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09127
所属专题: 保护生物学: 现状和挑战; 物种形成与系统进化
收稿日期:
2009-05-19
接受日期:
2009-07-02
出版日期:
2009-07-20
发布日期:
2009-07-20
通讯作者:
葛学军
作者简介:
*E-mail: xjge@scbg.ac.cn基金资助:
Zhengfeng Wang1,2, Xuejun Ge1,*()
Received:
2009-05-19
Accepted:
2009-07-02
Online:
2009-07-20
Published:
2009-07-20
Contact:
Xuejun Ge
摘要:
保护遗传学研究的是影响物种灭绝的遗传因素以及濒危物种的遗传管理, 以降低物种的灭绝风险。本文从遗传多样性本身及其对生态系统的影响两个方面介绍了植物保护遗传学的最新进展。根据遗传标记的功能, 保护遗传学研究可分为选择中性遗传变异研究和适应性遗传变异两个方面。对于目前主要采用的选择中性遗传标记研究, 本文着重介绍了以下方面的最新进展: (1)利用遗传标记进行个体、物种或遗传单元的鉴定, 从而有效地设计保护策略, 避免在迁地保护中混淆物种, 提高保护效率; (2)应重视由于物种自身生殖、扩散等原因造成的隐性瓶颈效应。由于选择中性遗传标记并不能准确反映物种的适应性遗传基础, 从适应性遗传变异角度研究濒危物种的进化潜力已成为保护遗传学的研究前沿。大部分相关研究还集中在利用基因组扫描检测受选择的位点, 而对功能基因的适应性研究还比较少。景观遗传学旨在解释景观和生境影响下的种群间基因流和遗传多样性格局, 这方面研究将会促进我们更多了解种群基因流的地理限制因子和不同景观基质下的种群遗传差异。遗传多样性作为物种的一种属性亦可在一定程度上反馈, 并影响生态系统。这提示我们不仅仅是濒危物种, 常见物种的遗传多样性及其保护亦很重要。最后, 我们从4个方面对保护遗传学研究进行了展望, 包括应加强将生态系统各环节联系起来研究遗传多样性, 在技术手段上利用多态性更丰富的分子标记, 同时强调了对常见物种保护遗传学研究的重要性, 并初步分析了我国保护遗传学研究与国际水平的差距, 建议加强种群遗传学和进化生物学基础理论的学习。
王峥峰, 葛学军 (2009) 不仅仅是遗传多样性: 植物保护遗传学进展. 生物多样性, 17, 330-339. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09127.
Zhengfeng Wang, Xuejun Ge (2009) Not only genetic diversity: advances in plant conservation genetics. Biodiversity Science, 17, 330-339. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09127.
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