生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 664-674. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08324
所属专题: 群落中的物种多样性:格局与机制
• 论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2008-12-09
接受日期:
2009-10-30
出版日期:
2009-11-20
发布日期:
2009-11-20
通讯作者:
方精云
作者简介:
*E-mail: jyfang@urban.pku.edu.cn基金资助:
Yahan Chen, Zhiyao Tang, Jingyun Fang*()
Received:
2008-12-09
Accepted:
2009-10-30
Online:
2009-11-20
Published:
2009-11-20
Contact:
Jingyun Fang
摘要:
为了保护中国丰富的生物多样性, 我国已经建立了大量的自然保护区。评价这些保护区的布局对于生物多样性的有效保护无疑是十分重要的。本文收集了截至2007年底我国建立的2,047个保护区的有关资料, 利用地理信息系统技术, 分析了这些保护区的分布现状和生物多样性的保护状况, 包括保护的植被类型、野生保护物种以及热点地区。结果表明: 我国自然保护区的覆盖面积达到145.7万km2, 占中国陆地面积的15.2%, 超过世界平均水平(13.4%); 在我国47种自然植被类型中, 有21种植被类型的被保护面积比例低于10%, 说明这些类型可能没有得到充分的保护。应用Dobson筛除算法对216个保护区中的保护物种进行筛除分析, 发现仅西双版纳、武夷山、长白山、高黎贡山、祁连山5个保护区即包含了381个保护物种(约占总数783种的50%); 前21个保护区可包含占总数75%的保护物种(590种)。根据不同方案划分的生物多样性热点保护地区仍存在一些保护空缺地, 如新疆北部、四川与长江以南地区, 因此, 我国的保护区布局有待进一步改进。
陈雅涵, 唐志尧, 方精云 (2009) 中国自然保护区分布现状及合理布局的探讨. 生物多样性, 17, 664-674. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08324.
Yahan Chen, Zhiyao Tang, Jingyun Fang (2009) Distribution of nature reserves and status of biodiversity protection in China. Biodiversity Science, 17, 664-674. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08324.
类别 Class | 总计 Total | 年份 Year | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1956-1975 | 1976-1985 | 1986-1995 | 1996-2007 | |||||||||||
面积 Area | 数量 Number | 面积Area | 数量 Number | 面积 Area | 数量 Number | 面积 Area | 数量 Number | 面积 Area | 数量 Number | |||||
保护类型 Categories | ||||||||||||||
古生物遗迹Trace fossil | 5.2 | 29 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | 6 | 5.1 | 22 | ||||
荒漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 449.8 | 21 | 0.0 | 0 | 100.5 | 5 | 328.8 | 4 | 20.6 | 12 | ||||
草原与草甸生态系统 Grasslands and alpine meadow | 28.8 | 33 | 0.0 | 0 | 6.7 | 2 | 2.0 | 11 | 20.1 | 20 | ||||
地质遗迹Geological relic | 10.8 | 91 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.9 | 14 | 1.0 | 29 | 9.0 | 48 | ||||
内陆湿地及水域生态系统 Wetlands ecosystem | 206.9 | 200 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.3 | 11 | 14.9 | 46 | 188.7 | 142 | ||||
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 278.7 | 1,060 | 5.6 | 6 | 71.2 | 195 | 67.4 | 182 | 134.5 | 677 | ||||
野生动物Wild animal | 447.6 | 476 | 11.2 | 7 | 97.7 | 80 | 218.6 | 135 | 120.0 | 254 | ||||
野生植物Wild plant | 28.9 | 137 | 0.7 | 2 | 3.8 | 24 | 11.1 | 45 | 13.3 | 66 | ||||
面积大小等级 Magnitude of area | ||||||||||||||
0-100 km2 | 34.9 | 1,234 | 0.1 | 5 | 5.2 | 170 | 7.8 | 289 | 21.7 | 770 | ||||
100-1,000 km2 | 210.2 | 672 | 3.2 | 7 | 45.5 | 129 | 41.3 | 135 | 120.1 | 401 | ||||
1,000-10,000 km2 | 332.5 | 124 | 14.1 | 4 | 85.9 | 29 | 81.9 | 27 | 150.7 | 64 | ||||
>10,000 km2 | 879.2 | 17 | 0.0 | 0 | 147.5 | 4 | 512.9 | 7 | 218.7 | 6 | ||||
保护级别 Protection grade | ||||||||||||||
国家级National | 949.0 | 248 | 16.1 | 10 | 208.0 | 98 | 550.0 | 85 | 174.8 | 55 | ||||
省级Provincial | 373.7 | 673 | 1.2 | 3 | 72.1 | 165 | 72.4 | 127 | 228.0 | 378 | ||||
市级Civic | 38.5 | 347 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.5 | 26 | 8.2 | 70 | 28.8 | 249 | ||||
县级County | 95.6 | 779 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.6 | 43 | 13.3 | 176 | 79.7 | 559 | ||||
总计 Total | 1,456.8 | 2,047 | 17.4 | 16 | 284.2 | 332 | 644.0 | 458 | 511.3 | 1,241 |
表1 中国自然保护区数量和面积(×103km2)分类汇总
Table 1 The number and area of nature reserves in China
类别 Class | 总计 Total | 年份 Year | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1956-1975 | 1976-1985 | 1986-1995 | 1996-2007 | |||||||||||
面积 Area | 数量 Number | 面积Area | 数量 Number | 面积 Area | 数量 Number | 面积 Area | 数量 Number | 面积 Area | 数量 Number | |||||
保护类型 Categories | ||||||||||||||
古生物遗迹Trace fossil | 5.2 | 29 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | 6 | 5.1 | 22 | ||||
荒漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 449.8 | 21 | 0.0 | 0 | 100.5 | 5 | 328.8 | 4 | 20.6 | 12 | ||||
草原与草甸生态系统 Grasslands and alpine meadow | 28.8 | 33 | 0.0 | 0 | 6.7 | 2 | 2.0 | 11 | 20.1 | 20 | ||||
地质遗迹Geological relic | 10.8 | 91 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.9 | 14 | 1.0 | 29 | 9.0 | 48 | ||||
内陆湿地及水域生态系统 Wetlands ecosystem | 206.9 | 200 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.3 | 11 | 14.9 | 46 | 188.7 | 142 | ||||
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 278.7 | 1,060 | 5.6 | 6 | 71.2 | 195 | 67.4 | 182 | 134.5 | 677 | ||||
野生动物Wild animal | 447.6 | 476 | 11.2 | 7 | 97.7 | 80 | 218.6 | 135 | 120.0 | 254 | ||||
野生植物Wild plant | 28.9 | 137 | 0.7 | 2 | 3.8 | 24 | 11.1 | 45 | 13.3 | 66 | ||||
面积大小等级 Magnitude of area | ||||||||||||||
0-100 km2 | 34.9 | 1,234 | 0.1 | 5 | 5.2 | 170 | 7.8 | 289 | 21.7 | 770 | ||||
100-1,000 km2 | 210.2 | 672 | 3.2 | 7 | 45.5 | 129 | 41.3 | 135 | 120.1 | 401 | ||||
1,000-10,000 km2 | 332.5 | 124 | 14.1 | 4 | 85.9 | 29 | 81.9 | 27 | 150.7 | 64 | ||||
>10,000 km2 | 879.2 | 17 | 0.0 | 0 | 147.5 | 4 | 512.9 | 7 | 218.7 | 6 | ||||
保护级别 Protection grade | ||||||||||||||
国家级National | 949.0 | 248 | 16.1 | 10 | 208.0 | 98 | 550.0 | 85 | 174.8 | 55 | ||||
省级Provincial | 373.7 | 673 | 1.2 | 3 | 72.1 | 165 | 72.4 | 127 | 228.0 | 378 | ||||
市级Civic | 38.5 | 347 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.5 | 26 | 8.2 | 70 | 28.8 | 249 | ||||
县级County | 95.6 | 779 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.6 | 43 | 13.3 | 176 | 79.7 | 559 | ||||
总计 Total | 1,456.8 | 2,047 | 17.4 | 16 | 284.2 | 332 | 644.0 | 458 | 511.3 | 1,241 |
植被类型 Vegetation type | 保护区面积 Nature reserve area (km2) | 植被总面积 Vegetation area (km2) | 保护面积 比例 % of protected area |
---|---|---|---|
寒温带和温带山地针叶林 Cold-temperate and temperate mountains needleleaf forest | 18,526.0 | 160,041.6 | 11.6 |
温带针叶林 Temperate needleleaf forest | 4,224.9 | 38,898.0 | 10.9 |
亚热带针叶林 Subtropical needleleaf forest | 23,176.9 | 470,652.9 | 4.9 |
热带针叶林 Tropical needleleaf forest | 0.0 | 120.5 | 0.0 |
亚热带和热带山地针叶林 Subtropical and tropical mountains needleleaf forest | 50,499.8 | 142,997.7 | 35.3 |
温带针叶、落叶阔叶混交林 Temperate mixed needleleaf and broadleaf deciduous forest | 1,480.8 | 16,901.0 | 8.8 |
亚热带山地针叶、常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶混交林 Subtropical mountains mixed needleleaf, broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest | 566.7 | 4,833.8 | 11.7 |
温带落叶阔叶林 Temperate broadleaf deciduous forest | 38,691.9 | 401,327.9 | 9.6 |
温带落叶小叶疏林 Temperate microphyllous deciduous woodland | 17,74.5 | 32,790.5 | 5.4 |
亚热带落叶阔叶林 Subtropical broadleaf deciduous forest | 4,602.7 | 36,269.1 | 12.7 |
亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林 Subtropical mixed broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest | 2,569.6 | 17,087.0 | 15.0 |
亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest | 15,841.4 | 128,365.8 | 12.3 |
亚热带硬叶常绿阔叶林 Subtropical broadleaf evergreen sclerphyllous forest | 2,197.3 | 15,729.2 | 14.0 |
热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon rain forest | 1,027.3 | 6,202.1 | 16.6 |
热带雨林 Tropical rain forest | 2,437.6 | 1,8682.0 | 13.1 |
亚热带和热带竹林及竹丛 Subtropical, tropical bamboo forest and scrub | 2,748.2 | 34,532.7 | 8.0 |
温带落叶灌丛 Temperate broadleaf deciduous scrub | 10,196.1 | 163,297.6 | 6.2 |
亚热带、热带常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶灌丛 Subtropical and tropical broadleaf evergreen and deciduous scrub | 24,970.7 | 462,646.9 | 5.4 |
热带珊瑚岛肉质常绿阔叶灌丛和矮林 Tropical broadleaf evergreen succulent scrub and dwarf forest on coral islands | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
亚热带、热带旱生常绿肉质多刺灌丛 Subtropical and tropical evergreen xeromorphic succulent thorny scrub | 117.5 | 2,167.8 | 5.4 |
亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛 Subalpine broadleaf deciduous scrub | 17,997.3 | 88,594.6 | 20.3 |
亚高山革质常绿阔叶灌丛 Subalpine sclerophylla broadleaf evergreen scrub | 24,345.0 | 166,638.3 | 14.6 |
亚高山常绿针叶灌丛 Subalpine needleleaf evergreen scrub | 1,375.2 | 19,739.4 | 7.0 |
温带矮半乔木荒漠 Temperate dwarf semi-arboreous desert | 12,750.3 | 114,624.7 | 11.1 |
温带灌木荒漠 Temperate shrubby desert | 31,972.4 | 305,877.9 | 10.5 |
温带草原化灌木荒漠 Temperate shrubby steppe desert | 723.8 | 23,364.0 | 3.1 |
温带半灌木、矮半灌木荒漠 Temperate semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby desert | 55,815.1 | 584,189.0 | 9.6 |
温带多汁盐生矮半灌木荒漠 Temperate succulent holophytic dwarf semi-shrubby desert | 1,888.8 | 43,412.6 | 4.4 |
温带一年生草本荒漠 Temperate annual graminoid desert | 241.1 | 18,683.6 | 1.3 |
垫状矮半灌木高寒荒漠 Alpine cushion dwarf semi-shrubby desert | 69,177.4 | 112,411.3 | 61.5 |
温带禾草、杂类草草甸草原 Temperate grass-forb meadow steppe | 6,499.1 | 92,422.3 | 7.0 |
温带丛生禾草草原 Temperate needlegrass arid steppe | 54,094.2 | 454,183.3 | 11.9 |
温带丛生矮禾草、矮半灌木荒漠草原 Temperate dwarf needle grass, dwarf semi-shrubby steppe | 21,677.2 | 226,121.7 | 9.6 |
禾草、苔草高寒草原 Alpine grass, Carex steppe | 345,005.9 | 641,100.7 | 53.8 |
温带草丛 Temperate grass-forb community | 2,937.6 | 57,849.9 | 5.1 |
亚热带、热带草丛 Subtropical and tropical grass-forb community | 16,231.8 | 243,168.6 | 6.7 |
温带禾草、杂类草草甸 Temperate grass and forb meadow | 12,407.5 | 122,931.4 | 10.1 |
温带禾草、苔草及杂类草沼泽化草甸 Temperate grass, Carex and forb swamp meadow | 6,607.3 | 65,686.1 | 10.1 |
温带禾草、杂类草盐生草甸 Temperate grass and forb holophytic meadow | 17,004.2 | 157,047.0 | 10.8 |
蒿草、杂类草高寒草甸 Alpine Kobresia spp., forb meadow | 180,979.5 | 681,057.0 | 26.57 |
寒温带、温带沼泽 Cold temperate and temperate swamp | 7,182.8 | 57,921.0 | 12.4 |
亚热带、热带沼泽 Subtropical and tropical swamp | 139.9 | 1,572.2 | 8.9 |
热带红树林 Tropical mangrove | 0.0 | 326.4 | 0.0 |
高寒沼泽 Alpine swamp | 2,109.9 | 4,224.4 | 49.9 |
高山苔原 Alpine tundra | 1,044.7 | 1,331.2 | 78.5 |
高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | 12,426.9 | 26,402.2 | 47.1 |
高山稀疏植被 Alpine sparse vegetation | 106,226.8 | 316,934.5 | 33.5 |
附录I 中国各自然植被类型被保护面积及比例
Supplement I Coverage of protected areas for different natural vegetation in China
植被类型 Vegetation type | 保护区面积 Nature reserve area (km2) | 植被总面积 Vegetation area (km2) | 保护面积 比例 % of protected area |
---|---|---|---|
寒温带和温带山地针叶林 Cold-temperate and temperate mountains needleleaf forest | 18,526.0 | 160,041.6 | 11.6 |
温带针叶林 Temperate needleleaf forest | 4,224.9 | 38,898.0 | 10.9 |
亚热带针叶林 Subtropical needleleaf forest | 23,176.9 | 470,652.9 | 4.9 |
热带针叶林 Tropical needleleaf forest | 0.0 | 120.5 | 0.0 |
亚热带和热带山地针叶林 Subtropical and tropical mountains needleleaf forest | 50,499.8 | 142,997.7 | 35.3 |
温带针叶、落叶阔叶混交林 Temperate mixed needleleaf and broadleaf deciduous forest | 1,480.8 | 16,901.0 | 8.8 |
亚热带山地针叶、常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶混交林 Subtropical mountains mixed needleleaf, broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest | 566.7 | 4,833.8 | 11.7 |
温带落叶阔叶林 Temperate broadleaf deciduous forest | 38,691.9 | 401,327.9 | 9.6 |
温带落叶小叶疏林 Temperate microphyllous deciduous woodland | 17,74.5 | 32,790.5 | 5.4 |
亚热带落叶阔叶林 Subtropical broadleaf deciduous forest | 4,602.7 | 36,269.1 | 12.7 |
亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林 Subtropical mixed broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest | 2,569.6 | 17,087.0 | 15.0 |
亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest | 15,841.4 | 128,365.8 | 12.3 |
亚热带硬叶常绿阔叶林 Subtropical broadleaf evergreen sclerphyllous forest | 2,197.3 | 15,729.2 | 14.0 |
热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon rain forest | 1,027.3 | 6,202.1 | 16.6 |
热带雨林 Tropical rain forest | 2,437.6 | 1,8682.0 | 13.1 |
亚热带和热带竹林及竹丛 Subtropical, tropical bamboo forest and scrub | 2,748.2 | 34,532.7 | 8.0 |
温带落叶灌丛 Temperate broadleaf deciduous scrub | 10,196.1 | 163,297.6 | 6.2 |
亚热带、热带常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶灌丛 Subtropical and tropical broadleaf evergreen and deciduous scrub | 24,970.7 | 462,646.9 | 5.4 |
热带珊瑚岛肉质常绿阔叶灌丛和矮林 Tropical broadleaf evergreen succulent scrub and dwarf forest on coral islands | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
亚热带、热带旱生常绿肉质多刺灌丛 Subtropical and tropical evergreen xeromorphic succulent thorny scrub | 117.5 | 2,167.8 | 5.4 |
亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛 Subalpine broadleaf deciduous scrub | 17,997.3 | 88,594.6 | 20.3 |
亚高山革质常绿阔叶灌丛 Subalpine sclerophylla broadleaf evergreen scrub | 24,345.0 | 166,638.3 | 14.6 |
亚高山常绿针叶灌丛 Subalpine needleleaf evergreen scrub | 1,375.2 | 19,739.4 | 7.0 |
温带矮半乔木荒漠 Temperate dwarf semi-arboreous desert | 12,750.3 | 114,624.7 | 11.1 |
温带灌木荒漠 Temperate shrubby desert | 31,972.4 | 305,877.9 | 10.5 |
温带草原化灌木荒漠 Temperate shrubby steppe desert | 723.8 | 23,364.0 | 3.1 |
温带半灌木、矮半灌木荒漠 Temperate semi-shrubby and dwarf semi-shrubby desert | 55,815.1 | 584,189.0 | 9.6 |
温带多汁盐生矮半灌木荒漠 Temperate succulent holophytic dwarf semi-shrubby desert | 1,888.8 | 43,412.6 | 4.4 |
温带一年生草本荒漠 Temperate annual graminoid desert | 241.1 | 18,683.6 | 1.3 |
垫状矮半灌木高寒荒漠 Alpine cushion dwarf semi-shrubby desert | 69,177.4 | 112,411.3 | 61.5 |
温带禾草、杂类草草甸草原 Temperate grass-forb meadow steppe | 6,499.1 | 92,422.3 | 7.0 |
温带丛生禾草草原 Temperate needlegrass arid steppe | 54,094.2 | 454,183.3 | 11.9 |
温带丛生矮禾草、矮半灌木荒漠草原 Temperate dwarf needle grass, dwarf semi-shrubby steppe | 21,677.2 | 226,121.7 | 9.6 |
禾草、苔草高寒草原 Alpine grass, Carex steppe | 345,005.9 | 641,100.7 | 53.8 |
温带草丛 Temperate grass-forb community | 2,937.6 | 57,849.9 | 5.1 |
亚热带、热带草丛 Subtropical and tropical grass-forb community | 16,231.8 | 243,168.6 | 6.7 |
温带禾草、杂类草草甸 Temperate grass and forb meadow | 12,407.5 | 122,931.4 | 10.1 |
温带禾草、苔草及杂类草沼泽化草甸 Temperate grass, Carex and forb swamp meadow | 6,607.3 | 65,686.1 | 10.1 |
温带禾草、杂类草盐生草甸 Temperate grass and forb holophytic meadow | 17,004.2 | 157,047.0 | 10.8 |
蒿草、杂类草高寒草甸 Alpine Kobresia spp., forb meadow | 180,979.5 | 681,057.0 | 26.57 |
寒温带、温带沼泽 Cold temperate and temperate swamp | 7,182.8 | 57,921.0 | 12.4 |
亚热带、热带沼泽 Subtropical and tropical swamp | 139.9 | 1,572.2 | 8.9 |
热带红树林 Tropical mangrove | 0.0 | 326.4 | 0.0 |
高寒沼泽 Alpine swamp | 2,109.9 | 4,224.4 | 49.9 |
高山苔原 Alpine tundra | 1,044.7 | 1,331.2 | 78.5 |
高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | 12,426.9 | 26,402.2 | 47.1 |
高山稀疏植被 Alpine sparse vegetation | 106,226.8 | 316,934.5 | 33.5 |
图4 基于Dobson筛除算法得到的保护区数量与累计保护物种数的关系
Fig. 4 The relationship between accumulated number of endangered species and number of nature reserves based on Dobson complementary algorithm
图5 基于Dobson筛除算法确立的优先保护的21个自然保护区(图中点表示所采用的216个保护区)。编号表示各保护区的保护优先性顺序: 1, 西双版纳; 2, 武夷山; 3, 长白山; 4, 高黎贡山; 5, 祁连山; 6, 南岭; 7, 珠穆朗玛峰; 8, 伏牛山; 9, 东洞庭湖; 10, 八大公山; 11, 白马雪山; 12, 梵净山; 13, 哀牢山; 14, 汗玛; 15, 牡丹峰; 16, 清凉峰; 17, 苍山洱海; 18, 大瑶山; 19, 贡嘎山; 20, 太白山; 21, 西天山。
Fig. 5 Nature reserves selected as conservation priorities by using Dobson complementary algorithm; 216 nature reserves are shown as dots, and the figures indicate the order of conservation priority. 1, Xishuangbanna; 2, Mt. Wuyi; 3, Mt. Changbai; 4, Mt. Gaoligong; 5, Mt. Qilian; 6, Nanling; 7, Mt. Qomolangma; 8, Mt. Funiu; 9, Eastern Dongting Lake; 10, Mt. Badagong; 11, Mt. Baimaxueshan; 12, Mt. Fanjing; 13, Mt. Ailao; 14, Hanma; 15, Mudanfeng; 16, Qingliangfeng; 17, Cangshan’erhai; 18, Mt. Dayao; 19, Mt. Gongga; 20, Mt. Taibai; 21, Western Tianshan.
热点地区 Hotspots | 中国境内面积 Area in China (km2) | 保护区数量 No. of nature reserves | 保护区面积Area of nature reserves (km2) (%) |
---|---|---|---|
“全球200”热点生态区 “Global 200” ecoregions | |||
北印度支那亚热带湿润森林 North Indochina subtropical moist forests | 386,555 | 173 | 24,667 (6.4) |
中国东南亚热带森林 Southeast China-Hainan moist forests | 859,650 | 604 | 65,802 (7.7) |
台湾山地森林 Taiwan montane forests | 35,422 | — | — |
阿尔泰山地森林 Altai-Sayan montane forests | 33,464 | 3 | 5,408 (16.2) |
中亚山地温带森林和草原 Middle Asian montane woodlands and steppe | 252,939 | 12 | 11,584 (4.6) |
东喜马拉雅针阔叶林 Eastern Himalayan broad-leaved and conifer forests | 93,127 | 4 | 29,462 (31.6) |
东喜马拉雅高山草甸 Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows | 99,301 | 9 | 15,644 (15.8) |
青藏高原草甸 Tibetan Plateau steppe | 1,449,269 | 109 | 486,175 (33.5) |
蒙古大草原 Daurian/Mongolian steppe | 580,986 | 103 | 65,220 (11.2) |
中国西南温带森林 Southwest China temperate forests | 389,452 | 154 | 28,939 (7.4) |
横断山针叶林 Hengduan Shan conifer forests | 257,603 | 95 | 33,784 (13.1) |
横断山脉 Hengduan Mountains | 408,626 | 190 | 57,307 (14.0) |
红水河上游地区 Upper reaches of Hongshui River | 69,725 | 42 | 4,468 (6.4) |
中国东部山地 East China mountains | 217,117 | 187 | 12,299 (5.7) |
武陵山地 Wuling Mountains | 89,799 | 57 | 9,370 (10.4) |
南岭山脉 Nanling Mountains | 44,080 | 34 | 2,432 (5.5) |
秦岭山脉 Qinling Mountains | 67,300 | 32 | 7,224 (10.7) |
西双版纳 Xishuangbanna | 19,172 | 3 | 2,844 (49.0) |
海南岛 Hainan Island | 33,253 | 49 | 3,404 (10.2) |
青藏高原 Alpine Qinghai -Xizang Plateau | 255,011 | 20 | 95,430 (14.8) |
台湾岛 Taiwan Island | 36,060 | — | — |
表2 中国生物多样性热点地区的保护区覆盖状况
Table 2 Number and coverage of protected areas in biodiversity hotspots of China
热点地区 Hotspots | 中国境内面积 Area in China (km2) | 保护区数量 No. of nature reserves | 保护区面积Area of nature reserves (km2) (%) |
---|---|---|---|
“全球200”热点生态区 “Global 200” ecoregions | |||
北印度支那亚热带湿润森林 North Indochina subtropical moist forests | 386,555 | 173 | 24,667 (6.4) |
中国东南亚热带森林 Southeast China-Hainan moist forests | 859,650 | 604 | 65,802 (7.7) |
台湾山地森林 Taiwan montane forests | 35,422 | — | — |
阿尔泰山地森林 Altai-Sayan montane forests | 33,464 | 3 | 5,408 (16.2) |
中亚山地温带森林和草原 Middle Asian montane woodlands and steppe | 252,939 | 12 | 11,584 (4.6) |
东喜马拉雅针阔叶林 Eastern Himalayan broad-leaved and conifer forests | 93,127 | 4 | 29,462 (31.6) |
东喜马拉雅高山草甸 Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows | 99,301 | 9 | 15,644 (15.8) |
青藏高原草甸 Tibetan Plateau steppe | 1,449,269 | 109 | 486,175 (33.5) |
蒙古大草原 Daurian/Mongolian steppe | 580,986 | 103 | 65,220 (11.2) |
中国西南温带森林 Southwest China temperate forests | 389,452 | 154 | 28,939 (7.4) |
横断山针叶林 Hengduan Shan conifer forests | 257,603 | 95 | 33,784 (13.1) |
横断山脉 Hengduan Mountains | 408,626 | 190 | 57,307 (14.0) |
红水河上游地区 Upper reaches of Hongshui River | 69,725 | 42 | 4,468 (6.4) |
中国东部山地 East China mountains | 217,117 | 187 | 12,299 (5.7) |
武陵山地 Wuling Mountains | 89,799 | 57 | 9,370 (10.4) |
南岭山脉 Nanling Mountains | 44,080 | 34 | 2,432 (5.5) |
秦岭山脉 Qinling Mountains | 67,300 | 32 | 7,224 (10.7) |
西双版纳 Xishuangbanna | 19,172 | 3 | 2,844 (49.0) |
海南岛 Hainan Island | 33,253 | 49 | 3,404 (10.2) |
青藏高原 Alpine Qinghai -Xizang Plateau | 255,011 | 20 | 95,430 (14.8) |
台湾岛 Taiwan Island | 36,060 | — | — |
图6 中国自然保护区数据库所记载的保护区面积与WDPA空间分布数据库所计算的面积的关系。两者的显著相关性说明WDPA数据能够反映中国自然保护区的分布状况。
Fig. 6 Reserve areas recorded in the China Species Information Service and plotted against area calculated by the GIS database of WDPA. High correlation between these two datasets indicate that WDPA database can be used to represent the distribution of protected areas in China.
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