生物多样性

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北京市苔藓植物多样性与空间分布格局

何强1, 易照勤2, 王庆华1,4, 于宁宁1, 罗莲1,4, 肖能文3*, 贾渝1,4*   

  1. 1中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室，北京 100093 2 河南师范大学生命科学学院，河南新乡453007 3中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京 100012 4中国科学院植物研究所植物多样性与特色经济作物全国重点实验室，北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-18 修回日期:2026-08-18 接受日期:2026-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 肖能文, 贾渝

Bryophyte Diversity and Spatial Distribution Patterns in Beijing

Qiang He1，Zhaoqin Yi2，Qianghua Wang1,4，Ningning Yu1，Lian Luo1,4, Nengwen Xiao3*，Yu Jia1,4*   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 China. 

    2 College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China 

    3 State Key Laboratory of EnvironmentalCriteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 

    4 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.

  • Received:2026-06-18 Revised:2026-08-18 Accepted:2026-09-12
  • Contact: Nengwen Xiao, Yu Jia
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau : Biodiversity Monitoring, Survey and Assessment Project(北京市生态环境局生物多样性观测); Supported by the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau : Biodiversity Monitoring, Survey and Assessment Project(2021BJ52072021017)

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摘要： 将北京市16个行政区全域按照10 km×10km划分为212个网格，开展野外调查获取数据，研究北京市苔藓植物多样性及空间分布格局。 结果显示，北京市苔藓植物55科，120属，306种，3变种，1亚种；其中，苔类植物17科，26属，56种，1变种，1亚种；角苔类植物1科，1属，1种；藓类植物37科，93属，249种，2变种。新纪录科有7个，新纪录属有23个，新纪录种有124种；中国特有种14种； 中国IUCN红色名录濒危物种共3种。北京地区苔藓植物主要以温带成分为主，温带成分占了72.9%，而热带成分15.48%，世界和北半球广布成分占了7.1%。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（He'）生态涵养区最高；平原区最低，Simpson优势度指数（λ）平原区最高，而生态涵养区最低。整体来看，北京地区苔藓植物最丰富的区域集中在北京的西北和北部山区，蕴藏着90%以上的种类，苔藓物种多样性呈现出北部、西部山区>中部山区>南部、东部平原区>中部城区的趋势；每个网格的物种分布不均，物种数超过50种的网格有3个，占比1.42%。海拔大于100米的物种数量占到所有物种数的约97 %以上。极端天气导致的自然灾害，以及城市建设等人为活动等影响苔藓植物多样性，因此，建议依法加强管理，持续开展物种监测，把苔藓植物纳入《北京市重点保护植物名录》中。

关键词: 苔藓植物, 物种多样性, 网格, 分布, 北京

Abstract

Aims: Based on survey data on bryophytes in Beijing, this study analyses their diversity characteristics and distribution patterns, with the aim of providing a basis for the conservation and sustainable use of bryophyte biological resources. 

Method: The entire Beijing municipality was divided into 212 grids, each measuring 10 km × 10 km. Field surveys were conducted within each grid to collect data on bryophytes, which were then used to study and analyze the diversity and spatial distribution patterns of bryophytes in the city. 

Results: The results show that Beijing has 55 families, 120 genera, 306 species, 3 varieties, and 1 subspecies of bryophytes. Among these, liverworts comprise 17 families, 26 genera, 56 species, 1 variety, and 1 subspecies; hornworts comprise 1 family, 1 genus, and 1 species; and mosses comprise 37 families, 93 genera, 249 species, and 2 varieties. Seven families, 23 genera, and 124 species were recorded for the first time in the region; 14 species are endemic to China; and three species are listed as endangered in the China IUCN Red List. The bryophyte flora of the Beijing region is predominantly composed of temperate elements. Overall, the most species-rich areas for bryophytes in the Beijing region are concentrated in the northwestern and northern mountainous areas, which harbor more than 90% of the species. Bryophyte species diversity follows a trend of northern and western mountainous areas > central mountainous areas > southern and eastern plains > central urban areas; species distribution is uneven across grids, with only 3 grids (1.42%) containing more than 50 species; Species found at elevations above 100 meters account for over 97% of the total species count. 

Conclusions: This is the first grid-based survey of bryophytes across an entire city, and it is of significant ecological and scientific value. The findings have essentially established a framework for understanding the distribution patterns of bryophyte diversity in Beijing. Natural disasters caused by extreme weather and human activities such as urban development have had a significant impact on the diversity of bryophytes. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen management in accordance with the law, continue species monitoring, and include bryophytes in the “List of Key Protected Plants of Beijing”.

Key words: bryophyte, species diversity, grids, distribution, Beijing.

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