生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 25212. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025212 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025212
姚兴达1,2,3,#, 朱开元1,#, 蓝艺涵4, 詹书侠1, 乌云塔娜1, 李健2,3,*(
), 许雯婷1,*()
收稿日期:2025-06-09
接受日期:2025-11-16
出版日期:2025-12-20
发布日期:2026-01-09
通讯作者:
* 共同通讯作者：E-mail: lijian@zafu.edu.cn;
xuwenting_1128@126.com
作者简介:#共同第一作者
基金资助:
Xingda Yao1,2,3,#, Kaiyuan Zhu1,#, Yihan Lan4, Shuxia Zhan1, Tana Wuyun1, Jian Li2,3,*(), Wenting Xu1,*()
Received:2025-06-09
Accepted:2025-11-16
Online:2025-12-20
Published:2026-01-09
About author:#Co-first author
Supported by:摘要：
入侵植物在城市自生植物中占有较大比例, 是自生植物群落景观营建不可回避的问题。研究入侵植物的影响对支持城市生物多样性的自生植物群落景观化应用具有重要意义。本研究通过对杭州西溪国家湿地公园不同生境的草本层自生植物进行分层随机抽样调查, 分析了该区域的外来植物入侵现状及其对自生植物群落的影响, 并对西溪国家湿地公园外来入侵植物管控提出建议。结果表明: (1)调查共记录到外来入侵植物25种, 约占自生植物物种总数的10.7%, 其中重要值最高的是空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)和一年蓬(Erigeron annuus); (2) 5类生境中, 草地的入侵植物物种数、频度和重要值均最高; (3)外来入侵植物显著减少了本土植物物种数, 显著降低了自生植物群落的物种多样性, 并显著影响了自生植物群落结构; (4)西溪国家湿地公园入侵植物管理需要特别注意空心莲子草、一年蓬等优势入侵种, 根据生境间差异、多物种入侵类型制定差异化的管理技术措施。本研究为自生植物群落景观营建与管理提供了参考。
姚兴达, 朱开元, 蓝艺涵, 詹书侠, 乌云塔娜, 李健, 许雯婷 (2025) 杭州西溪国家湿地公园外来入侵植物对自生植物群落的影响. 生物多样性, 33, 25212. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025212.
Xingda Yao, Kaiyuan Zhu, Yihan Lan, Shuxia Zhan, Tana Wuyun, Jian Li, Wenting Xu (2025) Effects of alien invasive plants on spontaneous plant communities in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25212. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025212.
图1 杭州西溪国家湿地公园研究区及样点分布。A: 乔木林地; C: 建筑用地; F: 农用地; G: 草地; S: 灌木林地。
Fig. 1 Study area and sample distribution in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. A, Arbor woodland; C, Construction land; F, Farmland; G, Grassland; S, Shrub land.
图2 杭州西溪国家湿地公园9个优势入侵植物的相对优势。AP: 空心莲子草; EA: 一年蓬; SC: 加拿大一枝黄花; TR: 白车轴草; EC: 小蓬草; SS: 钻叶紫菀; CL: 细叶旱芹; EP: 春飞蓬; HV: 南美天胡荽。
Fig. 2 Relative dominance of the 9 dominant invasive plants in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. AP, Alternanthera philoxeroides; EA, Erigeron annuus; SC, Solidago canadensis; TR, Trifolium repens; EC, Erigeron canadensis; SS, Symphyotrichum subulatum; CL, Cyclospermum leptophyllum; EP, Erigeron philadelphicus; HV, Hydrocotyle verticillata.
图3 杭州西溪国家湿地公园不同生境中入侵植物物种数、频度和重要值的差异。A: 乔木林地; S: 灌木林地; G: 草地; F: 农用地; C: 建筑用地。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Differences in the number, frequency and importance value of invasive plant species in different habitats of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. A, Arbor woodland; S, Shrub land; G, Grassland; F, Farmland; C: Construction land. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
图4 杭州西溪国家湿地公园入侵植物与群落多样性的相关性。N: 本土植物物种数; S: 物种丰富度指数; H′: Shannon-Wiener多样性指数; J: Pielou均匀度指数; D: Simpson多样性指数。偏相关分析的控制项: A: 人工地被平均高度 × 总盖度; B: 人工地被平均高度 × 总盖度和样带总物种数; C: 人工地被平均高度 × 总盖度和入侵植物物种数。方格颜色代表相关系数, 与色带条的颜色对应。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。
Fig. 4 Correlation between invasive plants and community diversity in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. N, Number of native plant species; S, Species richness index; H′, Shannon-Wiener diversity index; J, Pielou evenness index; D, Simpson diversity index. Control items for partial correlation analysis: A, Average height × total coverage of artificial ground cover; B, Average height × total coverage of artificial ground cover and total number of species in each belt transect; C, Average height × total coverage of artificial ground cover and number of invasive plant species in each belt transect. The color of the squares represents the correlation coefficient, corresponding to the color of the color band. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.
图5 杭州西溪国家湿地公园入侵植物与群落结构的相关性。纵坐标为群落结构参数: H-IV: 草本植物重要值; H-N: 草本物种数; L-IV: 藤本植物重要值; L-N: 藤本物种数; A-IV: 乔木幼苗重要值; A-N: 乔木幼苗物种数; S-IV: 灌木幼苗重要值; S-N: 灌木幼苗物种数。横坐标为入侵植物参数: IV: 重要值; H: 平均高度; C: 总盖度。A: 乔木林地; S: 灌木林地; G: 草地; C: 建筑用地; TS代表全体样方。方格颜色代表相关系数, 与色带条的颜色对应。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。
Fig. 5 Correlation between invasive plants and community structure in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. The ordinate is the parameters of community structure: H-IV, Importance value of herb; H-N, Number of herb; L-IV, Importance value of lianas; L-N, Number of lianas; A-IV, Importnce value of arbor seedling; A-N, Number of arbor seedling species; S-IV, Importance value of shrub seedling; S-N, Number of shrub seedling species. The abscissa is the parameters of the invasive plants: IV, Importance value of invasive plants; H, Average height of invasive plants; C, Total coverage of invasive plants. A, Arbor woodland; S, Shrub land; G, Grassland; C, Construction land; TS represents all types of habit. The color of the squares represents the correlation coefficient, corresponding to the color of the color band. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.
图6 物种聚类下的入侵植物伴生种及其竞争关系。连线的颜色深浅代表物种之间生态位重叠值的大小, 与右侧的色带条颜色对应。AP: 空心莲子草; YJ: 黄鹌菜; UP: 榆树; AI: 马兰; IC: 白茅; CG: 细风轮菜; EP: 春飞蓬; TR: 白车轴草; HV: 南美天胡荽; HS: 天胡荽; TS: 乌桕; JP: 爵床; GB: 四叶葎; SC: 加拿大一枝黄花; EA: 一年蓬; PS: 枫杨; BN: 苎麻; CA: 天名精; SR: 南川柳; OS: 直酢浆草; CL: 细叶旱芹; KP: 水蜈蚣; PU: 叶下珠; VP: 婆婆纳; SS: 钻叶紫菀; BF: 大狼耙草; EC: 小蓬草; SV: 狗尾草; LC: 母草; CI: 碎米莎草; VS: 救荒野豌豆。
Fig. 6 Companion species of invasive plants under species classification and their competitive relationships. The colors of the lines between species represent niche overlap values, corresponding to the color of the color band on the right side. AP, Alternanthera philoxeroides; YJ, Youngia japonica; UP, Ulmus pumila; AI, Aster indicus; IC, Imperata cylindrica; CG, Clinopodium gracile; EP, Erigeron philadelphicus; TR, Trifolium repens; HV, Hydrocotyle verticillata; HS, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides; TS, Triadica sebifera; JP, Justicia procumbens; GB, Galium bungei; SC, Solidago canadensis; EA, Erigeron annuus; PS, Pterocarya stenoptera; BN, Boehmeria nivea; CA, Carpesium abrotanoides; SR, Salix rosthornii; OS, Oxalis stricta; CL, Cyclospermum leptophyllum; KP, Kyllinga polyphylla; PU, Phyllanthus urinaria; VP, Veronica polita; SS, Symphyotrichum subulatum; BF, Bidens frondosa; EC, Erigeron canadensis; SV, Setaria viridis; LC, Lindernia crustacea; CI, Cyperus iria; VS, Vicia sativa.
| 群落组 Community group | 包含群落数 No. of communities | 群落 Community | 生境 Habitat |
|---|---|---|---|
| 络石群落组 Trachelospermum jasminoides community group | 7 | 柔毛路边青和一年蓬优势群落 Geum japonicum var. chinense and Erigeron annuus dominant community | 乔木林地 Arbor woodland |
| 求米草群落组 Oplismenus undulatifolius community group | 6 | 一年蓬和求米草优势群落 Erigeron annuus and Oplismenus undulatifolius dominant community | 乔木林地 Arbor woodland |
| 酢浆草群落组 Oxalis corniculata community group | 2 | 酢浆草和一年蓬优势群落 Oxalis corniculata and Erigeron annuus dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 细叶旱芹群落组 Cyclospermum leptophyllum community group | 1 | 细叶旱芹单优势群落 Cyclospermum leptophyllum single dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 直酢浆草群落组 Oxalis stricta community group | 3 | 直酢浆草和钻叶紫菀优势群落 Oxalis stricta and Symphyotrichum subulatum dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 空心莲子草群落组 Alternanthera philoxeroides community group | 6 | 空心莲子草和春飞蓬优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Erigeron philadelphicus dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 空心莲子草和狗牙根优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Cynodon dactylon dominant community | 草地 Grassland | ||
| 空心莲子草、乌蔹莓和蛇葡萄优势群落 A. philoxeroides, Causonis japonica and Ampelopsis glandulosa dominant community | 灌木林地 Shrub land | ||
| 空心莲子草单优势群落 A. philoxeroides single dominant community | 草地 Grassland | ||
| 乌蔹莓、三叶地锦和空心莲子草优势群落 Causonis japonica, Parthenocissus semicordata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community | 建筑用地 Construction land | ||
| 鳢肠和空心莲子草优势群落 Eclipta prostrata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community | 建筑用地 Construction land | ||
| 一年蓬群落组 Erigeron annuus community group | 3 | 一年蓬单优势群落 Erigeron annuus single dominant community | 农用地 Farmland |
| 天胡荽群落组 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides community group | 6 | 空心莲子草和天胡荽优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides dominant community | 农用地 Farmland |
| 白车轴草群落组 Trifolium repens community group | 4 | 白车轴草和空心莲子草优势群落 Trifolium repens and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 翅果菊和白车轴草优势群落 Lactuca indica and Trifolium repens dominant community | 建筑用地 Construction land | ||
| 白茅群落组 Imperata cylindrica community group | 6 | 白茅和一年蓬优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Erigeron annuus dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 白茅和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Solidago canadensis dominant community | 草地 Grassland | ||
| 马蹄金群落组 Dichondra micrantha community group | 2 | 马蹄金和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Dichondra micrantha and Solidago canadensis dominant community | 乔木林地 Arbor woodland |
表1 基于群落聚类的以入侵植物为优势种的群落组和群落类型
Table 1 Community groups and community types dominated by invasive plants based on community clustering
| 群落组 Community group | 包含群落数 No. of communities | 群落 Community | 生境 Habitat |
|---|---|---|---|
| 络石群落组 Trachelospermum jasminoides community group | 7 | 柔毛路边青和一年蓬优势群落 Geum japonicum var. chinense and Erigeron annuus dominant community | 乔木林地 Arbor woodland |
| 求米草群落组 Oplismenus undulatifolius community group | 6 | 一年蓬和求米草优势群落 Erigeron annuus and Oplismenus undulatifolius dominant community | 乔木林地 Arbor woodland |
| 酢浆草群落组 Oxalis corniculata community group | 2 | 酢浆草和一年蓬优势群落 Oxalis corniculata and Erigeron annuus dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 细叶旱芹群落组 Cyclospermum leptophyllum community group | 1 | 细叶旱芹单优势群落 Cyclospermum leptophyllum single dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 直酢浆草群落组 Oxalis stricta community group | 3 | 直酢浆草和钻叶紫菀优势群落 Oxalis stricta and Symphyotrichum subulatum dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 空心莲子草群落组 Alternanthera philoxeroides community group | 6 | 空心莲子草和春飞蓬优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Erigeron philadelphicus dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 空心莲子草和狗牙根优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Cynodon dactylon dominant community | 草地 Grassland | ||
| 空心莲子草、乌蔹莓和蛇葡萄优势群落 A. philoxeroides, Causonis japonica and Ampelopsis glandulosa dominant community | 灌木林地 Shrub land | ||
| 空心莲子草单优势群落 A. philoxeroides single dominant community | 草地 Grassland | ||
| 乌蔹莓、三叶地锦和空心莲子草优势群落 Causonis japonica, Parthenocissus semicordata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community | 建筑用地 Construction land | ||
| 鳢肠和空心莲子草优势群落 Eclipta prostrata and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community | 建筑用地 Construction land | ||
| 一年蓬群落组 Erigeron annuus community group | 3 | 一年蓬单优势群落 Erigeron annuus single dominant community | 农用地 Farmland |
| 天胡荽群落组 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides community group | 6 | 空心莲子草和天胡荽优势群落 A. philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides dominant community | 农用地 Farmland |
| 白车轴草群落组 Trifolium repens community group | 4 | 白车轴草和空心莲子草优势群落 Trifolium repens and Alternanthera philoxeroides dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 翅果菊和白车轴草优势群落 Lactuca indica and Trifolium repens dominant community | 建筑用地 Construction land | ||
| 白茅群落组 Imperata cylindrica community group | 6 | 白茅和一年蓬优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Erigeron annuus dominant community | 草地 Grassland |
| 白茅和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Imperata cylindrica and Solidago canadensis dominant community | 草地 Grassland | ||
| 马蹄金群落组 Dichondra micrantha community group | 2 | 马蹄金和加拿大一枝黄花优势群落 Dichondra micrantha and Solidago canadensis dominant community | 乔木林地 Arbor woodland |
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