生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享专门立法的重启必要与现实回应

doi:10.17520/biods.2024383

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享(access and benefit sharing, ABS)关系国家安全, 是相关国际谈判的热点和焦点问题, 已成为我国生物多样性保护立法的重点领域。基于践行总体国家安全观、克服分散立法体系性困境、优化地方立法和履行国际条约等方面考虑, 我国有必要重启专门立法。文章综合运用了价值分析、逻辑分析、历史分析、比较分析等法学研究方法, 得出结论: 唯有制定一部专项行政法规才能同时满足专门立法、未来生态环境法典编纂和生物多样性保护立法之需要。生物遗传资源ABS专项行政法规的总体设计应当紧跟现实发展: 一是回应法律全球化下的本土化, 正视法律移植语境下我国法律的自主性发展, 同时认真对待我国国内立法的国际影响力。二是回应前沿科技发展, 针对遗传资源数字序列信息(digital sequence information on genetic resources, DSI)新议题采用“有限限制”的保护路径, 优先保障本国DSI最终控制权; 针对大数据、人工智能、区块链等新技术应用带来的变化与挑战, 应认真对待传统监管范式更新、采购外国货物服务禁止、知识产权遗传资源信息披露增强等立法需要。三是回应关民共享、包容性增长等相关学术理论的发展, 夯实惠益分享的法理基础。

关键词: 生物遗传资源, 获取与惠益分享, 生物多样性, 专门立法

Abstract

Background & Aims: Access and benefit sharing (ABS) of biological genetic resources, which is related to national security, is a hot and focused issue in relevant international negotiations, and has become a key area and priority action in China’s biodiversity protection legislation. In order to practice the overall national security concept, overcome the dilemma of decentralized legislation system, optimize local legislation and implement international treaties, it is necessary for China to restart special legislation.

Methods: This paper comprehensively uses legal research methods such as value analysis, logical analysis, historical analysis, and comparative analysis.

Results: Only by formulating a special administrative regulation can we meet the demands of specialized legislation and adapt to the future compilation of the ecological environment code and legislation on biodiversity protection.

Conclusion: The overall design of ABS special administrative regulations on biological genetic resources should closely follow the actual development: First, respond to the localization under the globalization of law, face up to the independent development of China’s law in the context of legal transplantation, and take seriously the international influence of China’s domestic legislation. Second, respond to the development of cutting-edge science and technology, adopt a “limited” protection path for the new issue of digital sequence information of genetic resources (DSI), and give priority to protecting the final control of domestic DSI; In response to the changes and challenges brought about by the application of new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, the legislative needs of updating traditional regulatory paradigms, prohibiting the procurement of foreign goods and services, and enhancing the disclosure of information on intellectual property genetic resources should be taken seriously. Third, respond to the development of relevant academic theories such as people sharing and inclusive growth, and consolidate the legal basis of benefit sharing.

Key words: biological genetic resources, access and benefit sharing, biodiversity, special legislation

贾韶琦, 张巨保 (2024) 生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享专门立法的重启必要与现实回应. 生物多样性, 32, 24383. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024383.

Shaoqi Jia, Jubao Zhang (2024) Necessity and response of the special legislation on access and benefit sharing of biological genetic resources. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24383. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024383.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024383

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I11/24383

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