生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 21231. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021231
• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 下一篇
肖兰1,2, 董标2, 张琳婷2, 邓传远4, 李霞2, 刘建辉3,*(), 吴端聪4
收稿日期:
2021-06-03
接受日期:
2021-12-14
出版日期:
2022-04-20
发布日期:
2022-04-20
通讯作者:
刘建辉
作者简介:
*E-mail: liujianhuiirc@126.com基金资助:
Lan Xiao1,2, Biao Dong2, Linting Zhang2, Chuanyuan Deng4, Xia Li2, Jianhui Liu3,*(), Duancong Wu4
Received:
2021-06-03
Accepted:
2021-12-14
Online:
2022-04-20
Published:
2022-04-20
Contact:
Jianhui Liu
摘要:
为了解渤海区小型无居民海岛植物物种丰富度的分布格局, 本研究以渤海区9个无居民海岛为研究对象, 基于种-面积关系和种-多度对数正态分布模型探究了无居民海岛植物的物种丰富度分布格局。结果表明: (1)位于温带地区的无居民海岛木本植物相对多度符合对数正态分布特征, 表明海岛木本植物群落中多度较大的物种数较少, 而多度较小的物种甚至是稀有种或罕见种较多; (2)渤海区多数无居民海岛物种数介于60-130之间, 表明总体丰富度较高; (3)通过分析海岛与周边保护区的空间关系发现, 物种丰富度高的海岛基本位于保护区内, 总体上渤海区海岛植物热点区得到了有效保护。综上所述, 种-多度分布模型和种-面积关系均是揭示海岛植物物种丰富度分布的重要手段, 同时可初步推断, 生态位理论对海岛植物物种多样性的维持显得更为重要。
肖兰, 董标, 张琳婷, 邓传远, 李霞, 刘建辉, 吴端聪 (2022) 渤海区无居民海岛植物物种丰富度分布格局. 生物多样性, 30, 21231. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021231.
Lan Xiao, Biao Dong, Linting Zhang, Chuanyuan Deng, Xia Li, Jianhui Liu, Duancong Wu (2022) Distribution pattern of plant species richness of uninhabited islands in the Bohai Sea area. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21231. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021231.
岛屿名称 Island name | 所属省 Province | 物质组成 Properties | 面积 Area (ha) | 距大陆距离 Distance to the mainland (km) | 距大陆距离或距最近海岛距离 Distance to the mainland or nearest island (m) | 生活型组成 Life form | 植被覆盖率 Vegetation cover | 样方数量 No. of investigation plots | 丰富度 Richness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
情人岛 Qingrendao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 6.15 | 0.56 | 3,802 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 82.22% | 10 | 81 |
金州南坨子 Jinzhounantuozi | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 11.55 | 0.66 | 2,155 | 灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb | 98.82% | 11 | 104 |
鹿鸣岛 Lumingdao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 75.6 | 0.89 | 596 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 95.54% | 7 | 108 |
双岛 Shuangdao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 14.66 | 0.65 | 6 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 97.47% | 10 | 106 |
羊砣子岛 Yangtuozidao | 山东 Shandong | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 10.42 | 13.58 | 155 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 79.25% | 3 | 107 |
南砣子岛 Nantuozidao | 山东 Shandong | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 14.67 | 15 | 455 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 75.64% | 3 | 107 |
鱼鳞岛 Yulindao | 山东 Shandong | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 1.24 | 14.44 | 455 | 灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb | 39.52% | 3 | 67 |
广利岛Guanglidao | 山东 Shandong | 沙泥岛 Sandy island | 12.67 | 0.1 | 1,000 | 灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb | 68.85% | 1 | 32 |
东蚂蚁岛Dongmayidao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 87.2 | 7.53 | 22 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 91.38% | 16 | 127 |
表1 渤海区9个调查岛屿的基本信息
Table 1 Basic information of 9 investigated islands in the Bohai Sea area
岛屿名称 Island name | 所属省 Province | 物质组成 Properties | 面积 Area (ha) | 距大陆距离 Distance to the mainland (km) | 距大陆距离或距最近海岛距离 Distance to the mainland or nearest island (m) | 生活型组成 Life form | 植被覆盖率 Vegetation cover | 样方数量 No. of investigation plots | 丰富度 Richness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
情人岛 Qingrendao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 6.15 | 0.56 | 3,802 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 82.22% | 10 | 81 |
金州南坨子 Jinzhounantuozi | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 11.55 | 0.66 | 2,155 | 灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb | 98.82% | 11 | 104 |
鹿鸣岛 Lumingdao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 75.6 | 0.89 | 596 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 95.54% | 7 | 108 |
双岛 Shuangdao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 14.66 | 0.65 | 6 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 97.47% | 10 | 106 |
羊砣子岛 Yangtuozidao | 山东 Shandong | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 10.42 | 13.58 | 155 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 79.25% | 3 | 107 |
南砣子岛 Nantuozidao | 山东 Shandong | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 14.67 | 15 | 455 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 75.64% | 3 | 107 |
鱼鳞岛 Yulindao | 山东 Shandong | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 1.24 | 14.44 | 455 | 灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb | 39.52% | 3 | 67 |
广利岛Guanglidao | 山东 Shandong | 沙泥岛 Sandy island | 12.67 | 0.1 | 1,000 | 灌木、草本 Shrub, and herb | 68.85% | 1 | 32 |
东蚂蚁岛Dongmayidao | 辽宁 Liaoning | 基岩岛 Bedrock island | 87.2 | 7.53 | 22 | 乔木、灌木、草本 Tree, shrub, and herb | 91.38% | 16 | 127 |
图2 运用对数正态分布模型预测渤海区单岛和9个海岛的木本植物物种数
Fig. 2 No. of woody plant species in Dongmayidao and 9 islands in the Bohai Sea area fitting by logarithmic normal distribution model
东蚂蚁岛木本植物 Woody plants in Dongmayidao | 9个海岛木本植物 Woody plants in 9 islands | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
倍频程 Class | 参数估计 Parameter estimation | 遗传估计 Genetic algorithm | 倍频程 Class | 参数估计 Parameter estimation | 遗传估计 Genetic algorithm | ||||||||
a | 0.1800 | 0.1882 | a | 0.1600 | 0.1612 | ||||||||
S0 | 3.7000 | 3.4367 | S0 | 6.3000 | 5.7879 | ||||||||
R | 观测S(R) Observed | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | R | 观测S(R) Observed | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | ||
1 | -6 | 2 | 1.15 | 0.62 | 0.96 | 1.13 | 1 | -6 | 3 | 2.51 | 0.10 | 2.27 | 0.23 |
2 | -5 | 0 | 1.65 | 1.65 | 1.42 | 1.42 | 2 | -5 | 2.5 | 3.32 | 0.20 | 3.02 | 0.09 |
3 | -4 | 1 | 2.20 | 0.66 | 1.95 | 0.46 | 3 | -4 | 4.5 | 4.18 | 0.02 | 3.82 | 0.12 |
4 | -3 | 0 | 2.76 | 2.76 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 4 | -3 | 2 | 5.00 | 1.80 | 4.58 | 1.45 |
5 | -2 | 3 | 3.25 | 0.02 | 2.98 | 0.00 | 5 | -2 | 3.5 | 5.69 | 0.84 | 5.22 | 0.56 |
6 | -1 | 3 | 3.58 | 0.09 | 3.32 | 0.03 | 6 | -1 | 2 | 6.14 | 2.79 | 5.64 | 2.35 |
7 | 0 | 7 | 3.70 | 2.94 | 3.44 | 3.69 | 7 | 0 | 10.5 | 6.30 | 2.80 | 5.79 | 3.84 |
8 | 1 | 1 | 3.58 | 1.86 | 3.32 | 1.62 | 8 | 1 | 3.5 | 6.14 | 1.14 | 5.64 | 0.81 |
9 | 2 | 0 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 2.98 | 2.98 | 9 | 2 | 5.5 | 5.69 | 0.01 | 5.22 | 0.02 |
10 | 3 | 1 | 2.76 | 1.13 | 2.50 | 0.90 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 5.00 | 0.20 | 4.58 | 0.07 |
∑ | 18 | 14.98 | 14.73 | ∑ | 41 | 9.90 | 9.54 | ||||||
预测理论值 Expected value | 37 | / | 33 | / | 预测理论值 Expected value | 70 | / | 64 | / |
表2 对数正态分布模型预测结果及多度分布检验表
Table 2 Predicted results of logarithmic normal distribution model and abundance distribution test table
东蚂蚁岛木本植物 Woody plants in Dongmayidao | 9个海岛木本植物 Woody plants in 9 islands | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
倍频程 Class | 参数估计 Parameter estimation | 遗传估计 Genetic algorithm | 倍频程 Class | 参数估计 Parameter estimation | 遗传估计 Genetic algorithm | ||||||||
a | 0.1800 | 0.1882 | a | 0.1600 | 0.1612 | ||||||||
S0 | 3.7000 | 3.4367 | S0 | 6.3000 | 5.7879 | ||||||||
R | 观测S(R) Observed | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | R | 观测S(R) Observed | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | 期望S(R) Expected | χ2 | ||
1 | -6 | 2 | 1.15 | 0.62 | 0.96 | 1.13 | 1 | -6 | 3 | 2.51 | 0.10 | 2.27 | 0.23 |
2 | -5 | 0 | 1.65 | 1.65 | 1.42 | 1.42 | 2 | -5 | 2.5 | 3.32 | 0.20 | 3.02 | 0.09 |
3 | -4 | 1 | 2.20 | 0.66 | 1.95 | 0.46 | 3 | -4 | 4.5 | 4.18 | 0.02 | 3.82 | 0.12 |
4 | -3 | 0 | 2.76 | 2.76 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 4 | -3 | 2 | 5.00 | 1.80 | 4.58 | 1.45 |
5 | -2 | 3 | 3.25 | 0.02 | 2.98 | 0.00 | 5 | -2 | 3.5 | 5.69 | 0.84 | 5.22 | 0.56 |
6 | -1 | 3 | 3.58 | 0.09 | 3.32 | 0.03 | 6 | -1 | 2 | 6.14 | 2.79 | 5.64 | 2.35 |
7 | 0 | 7 | 3.70 | 2.94 | 3.44 | 3.69 | 7 | 0 | 10.5 | 6.30 | 2.80 | 5.79 | 3.84 |
8 | 1 | 1 | 3.58 | 1.86 | 3.32 | 1.62 | 8 | 1 | 3.5 | 6.14 | 1.14 | 5.64 | 0.81 |
9 | 2 | 0 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 2.98 | 2.98 | 9 | 2 | 5.5 | 5.69 | 0.01 | 5.22 | 0.02 |
10 | 3 | 1 | 2.76 | 1.13 | 2.50 | 0.90 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 5.00 | 0.20 | 4.58 | 0.07 |
∑ | 18 | 14.98 | 14.73 | ∑ | 41 | 9.90 | 9.54 | ||||||
预测理论值 Expected value | 37 | / | 33 | / | 预测理论值 Expected value | 70 | / | 64 | / |
岛屿名称 Island name | 干扰类型及干扰程度 Interference type and degree | 开发强度 Exploitative intensity | 调查物种数 No. of species surveyed | 预测物种数 No. of species estimated | 误差 Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
情人岛 Qingrendao | 人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light | 6.0% | 81 | 86 | 6.17% |
金州南坨子 Jinzhounantuozi | 近无干扰 Near non-interfering | 0.6% | 104 | 105 | 0.96% |
鹿鸣岛 Lumingdao | 人类活动/中 Human activities/Moderate | 2.6% | 108 | 143 | 32.41% |
双岛 Shuangdao | 人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light | 1.4% | 106 | 108 | 1.89% |
羊砣子岛 Yangtuozidao | 近无干扰 Near non-interfering | 1.8% | 107 | 100 | -6.54% |
南砣子岛 Nantuozidao | 近无干扰 Near non-interfering | 4.6% | 107 | 105 | -1.87% |
鱼鳞岛 Yulindao | 放牧/弱 Graze/Light | 1.3% | 67 | 45 | -32.84% |
广利岛 Guanglidao | 人类活动/强 Human activities/Strong | 19.4% | 32 | 56 | 75.00% |
东蚂蚁岛 Dongmayidao | 人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light | 0.02% | 127 | 144 | 13.39% |
表3 种-面积关系的模型预测结果及海岛干扰因子
Table 3 Prediction results of species-area relationships model and island impact factor
岛屿名称 Island name | 干扰类型及干扰程度 Interference type and degree | 开发强度 Exploitative intensity | 调查物种数 No. of species surveyed | 预测物种数 No. of species estimated | 误差 Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
情人岛 Qingrendao | 人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light | 6.0% | 81 | 86 | 6.17% |
金州南坨子 Jinzhounantuozi | 近无干扰 Near non-interfering | 0.6% | 104 | 105 | 0.96% |
鹿鸣岛 Lumingdao | 人类活动/中 Human activities/Moderate | 2.6% | 108 | 143 | 32.41% |
双岛 Shuangdao | 人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light | 1.4% | 106 | 108 | 1.89% |
羊砣子岛 Yangtuozidao | 近无干扰 Near non-interfering | 1.8% | 107 | 100 | -6.54% |
南砣子岛 Nantuozidao | 近无干扰 Near non-interfering | 4.6% | 107 | 105 | -1.87% |
鱼鳞岛 Yulindao | 放牧/弱 Graze/Light | 1.3% | 67 | 45 | -32.84% |
广利岛 Guanglidao | 人类活动/强 Human activities/Strong | 19.4% | 32 | 56 | 75.00% |
东蚂蚁岛 Dongmayidao | 人类活动/弱 Human activities/Light | 0.02% | 127 | 144 | 13.39% |
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