我国网络平台本土兰科植物贸易状况

doi:10.17520/biods.2021233

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国兰科植物物种丰富, 很多具有极高的药用和观赏价值。随着网络平台的迅速发展, 兰科植物的线上交易越来越普遍。为了解国内网络平台的本土兰科植物贸易情况, 本文利用PyCharm Community软件爬取网络交易信息和人工浏览收集的方法, 分析了淘宝网、拼多多和中兰网的兰科植物贸易情况。调查发现: 网络贸易的本土兰科植物共计84属339种(含3变种), 包含45个中国特有种, 兰属(Cymbidium)和石斛属(Dendrobium)是最大的贸易对象。其中, 仅以观赏用途作为卖点的兰科植物309种(91.1%), 仅以药用价值作为卖点的兰科植物5种(1.5%), 以双用途作为卖点的兰科植物25种(7.4%)。本次调查共记录到336种(99.1%)野生兰科植物销售信息, 并发现部分销售者刻意包装野生兰科植物的现象。大部分淘宝网和拼多多的兰科植物最大销售量对应的价位为10-49元, 其中拼多多的价格更低且集中, 位于15-35元的占57.5%。商品货源地较集中, 主要包括云南省、广东省、广西壮族自治区、浙江省、福建省和四川省。进一步对本次记录的兰科植物进行濒危等级统计后发现: 受威胁兰科植物188种(55.5%), 其中极危(Critically Endangered, CR) 23种(6.8%), 濒危(Endangered, EN) 85种(25.1%), 易危(Vulnerable, VU) 80种(23.6%)。为加强我国野生兰科植物多样性保护, 强烈建议各网络平台依据最新《国家重点保护野生植物名录》制定兰科植物商品信息发布规则, 重点监督货源地集中的地区, 同时加强对公众的宣传教育, 相关部门应利用网络平台加强兰科资源的信息交流, 共同保护野生兰科植物。

关键词: 兰花贸易, 兰科植物, 网络平台, 野生资源, 保护利用

Abstract

Aims: China has a high diversity of orchid species, and many of them have high medicinal and ornamental value. With the rapid development of online platforms, the online trade of orchids is becoming increasingly prevalent. This study aims to explore the scope of native online orchid trading in China by investigating the three main trading platforms: Taobao, Pinduoduo and Hmlan.

Methods: We utilized the Pycharm Community software to sift through online trade information and manually browsed other information and recorded it. Then, we made a statistical analysis of the online orchid trade on Taobao, Pinduoduo and Hmlan.

Results: In total, 339 species (including three varieties) classified into 84 genera of orchids were recorded in this survey, including 45 endemic species. Among them, Cymbidium and Dendrobium were the most traded orchid genera. There were 309 species (91.1%) sold for only ornamental use, 5 species (1.5%) for only medicinal use, and 25 species (7.4%) for both purposes. A total of 336 species (99.1%) of wild orchids were recorded, and merchants sell wild orchids on purpose. More than half of the orchids were sold at the price of ¥10-¥49 with the maximum sales on Taobao and Pinduoduo, and sales on Pinduoduo were lower and more concentrated within the price range of ¥15-¥35 occupied 57.5% of sales. Further statistics on the endangered degree of recorded orchids found that 188 species (55.5%) were in threatened, including 23 species (6.8%) in Critically Endangered (CR), 85 species (25.1%) in Endangered (EN) and 80 species (23.6%) in Vulnerable (VU). The source provinces of the orchid sold were mainly in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and Sichuan.

Conclusion: To effectively strengthen the protection of wild orchid diversity in China, it is strongly recommended that each online platform reforms the rules of selling orchids based on the latest List of National Key Protected Wild Plants. Regions mentioned above should be paid more attention, and public education on orchid protection should be enhanced. Relevant departments need to exchange information about the sale of wild orchids on online platforms to protect them.

Key words: orchid trade, Orchidaceae, online platforms, wild resources, conservation and utilization

黄婧, 孙美, 余文峰, 武建勇, 田怀珍 (2022) 我国网络平台本土兰科植物贸易状况. 生物多样性, 30, 21233. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021233.

Jing Huang, Mei Sun, Wenfeng Yu, Jianyong Wu, Huaizhen Tian (2022) Trade of native orchids on Chinese online platforms. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21233. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021233.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021233

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I4/21233

图/表 7

图1 三大网络平台售卖的本土兰科植物的种类构成

Fig. 1 Species composition of native orchids sold on three online platforms

表1 三大网络平台售卖的本土兰科植物销售规模

Table 1 Transaction scale of native orchids sold on three online platforms

平台 Platforms	售卖信息条数 Number of trade messages
平台 Platforms	< 10	10-100	101-1,000	> 1,000
淘宝网 Taobao	218 (67.1%)	67 (20.6%)	25 (7.7%)	15 (4.6%)
拼多多 Pinduoduo	112 (70.0%)	33 (20.6%)	15 (9.4%)	0
中兰网 Hmlan	9 (40.9%)	5 (22.7%)	1 (4.6%)	7 (31.8%)

图2 网络平台售卖的兰科植物的卖点与来源

Fig. 2 The selling points and resources of orchids sold on online platforms

表2 淘宝网和拼多多售卖的本土兰科植物单条商品信息的最大销量

Table 2 The maximum sales of single commodity information of native orchids sold on Taobao and Pinduoduo

平台 Platforms	售卖件数 Number of sales
平台 Platforms	< 10	10-100	> 100
淘宝网 Taobao	253 (77.8%)	50 (15.4%)	22 (6.8%)
拼多多 Pinduoduo	66 (41.3%)	42 (26.2%)	52 (32.5%)

表3 淘宝网和拼多多售卖的本土兰科植物的最大销量价格分布

Table 3 The distribution of price of the maximum sales of native orchids sold on Taobao and Pinduoduo

平台 Platforms	价格 Price (RMB)
平台 Platforms	< 10	10-49	50-100	> 100
淘宝网 Taobao	50 (15.4%)	187 (57.5%)	60 (18.5%)	28 (8.6%)
拼多多 Pinduoduo	26 (16.2%)	118 (73.8%)	11 (6.9%)	5 (3.1%)

表4 中兰网售卖的本土兰科植物商品价格分布

Table 4 The distribution of price of native orchids sold on Hmlan

模块 Modules	价格 Price (RMB)
模块 Modules	< 50	50-200	201-500	> 500
所有模块 Total	34.7%	40.6%	14.4%	10.3%
“国兰新品”模块 “New national orchids”	15.7%	39.5%	20.7%	24.1%

图3 网络平台售卖的兰科植物的濒危等级与来源。CR: 极危; EN: 濒危; VU: 易危; NT: 近危; LC: 无危; DD: 数据缺乏; NE: 未评估。

Fig. 3 Endangered degree and resources of orchids sold on online platforms. CR, Critically Endangered; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; NT, Near Threatened; LC, Least Concern; DD, Data Deficient; NE, Not Evaluated.

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