生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1206-1214. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021104
吴运佳1,2, 程芸3, 袁磊3, 张诗4, 张烁1, 刘少创1,*()
收稿日期:
2021-03-21
接受日期:
2021-06-30
出版日期:
2021-09-20
发布日期:
2021-08-11
通讯作者:
刘少创
作者简介:
* E-mail: liusc@radi.ac.cn
Yunjia Wu1,2, Yun Cheng3, Lei Yuan3, Shi Zhang4, Shuo Zhang1, Shaochuang Liu1,*()
Received:
2021-03-21
Accepted:
2021-06-30
Online:
2021-09-20
Published:
2021-08-11
Contact:
Shaochuang Liu
摘要:
野生双峰驼(Camelus ferus)生存于中亚沙漠腹地, 是国家I级重点保护野生动物。为探究野骆驼活动节律和家域状况, 了解其时间和空间尺度上的活动模式, 为其有效保护管理提供支持。本研究于2012年5月至2013年7月利用GPS跟踪项圈先后对库木塔格沙漠地区7峰野骆驼进行轨迹跟踪。利用跟踪数据对野骆驼活动节律进行分析, 并采用布朗桥模型对野骆驼家域进行分析。结果表明: (1)野骆驼日活动节律呈现明显双峰模式, 属晨昏活动类型, 活动高峰期主要出现于上午6:00-9:00及下午15:00-20:00。(2)野骆驼晨昏活动高峰存在明显的季节性变动, 双峰从暖季到冷季向中午移动, 按间隔时间长短排序为: 夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季。(3)野骆驼日活动强度有明显的季节性差异, 大小关系为: 夏季 > 秋季 > 春季和冬季, 春季和冬季间差异不显著。(4)野骆驼为核心家域利用类型, 且存在多个核心家域, 一些野骆驼家域分布于沙漠南北两侧, 意味着其具有横跨沙漠的运动能力。(5)野骆驼个体间家域面积差异显著, 性别间家域面积差异不显著。季节间家域面积差异显著, 从大到小排序为: 夏季(1,256.27 ± 427.45 km2) > 春季(556.90 ± 259.35 km2) > 秋季(396.77 ± 82.31 km2) > 冬季(250.83 ± 99.64 km2)。
吴运佳, 程芸, 袁磊, 张诗, 张烁, 刘少创 (2021) 库木塔格沙漠地区野骆驼活动节律与家域特征. 生物多样性, 29, 1206-1214. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021104.
Yunjia Wu, Yun Cheng, Lei Yuan, Shi Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Shaochuang Liu (2021) Quantitative study on the activity rhythm and home range of wild camels (Camelus ferus) in the Kumtag Desert. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1206-1214. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021104.
图1 野骆驼跟踪点位空间分布图。a: 佩戴GPS跟踪项圈的野骆驼; b: 2012年5月至2013年7月7峰野骆驼GPS定位位点、水源点及所在区域卫星影像。
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of tracking points of wild camels. a, Wild camels with GPS tracking collars; b, GPS positioning points of seven wild camels from May 2012 to July 2013, water sources and satellite image in the Kumtag Desert.
野骆驼编号ID | 性别 Sex | GPS项圈佩戴时间 Start time of GPS trackers wearing | GPS项圈脱落时间 The time GPS trackers fell off | GPS点位数 GPS locations | 家域面积 Home range (km2) | 核心家域面积 Core home range (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C_NO1 | 雌 Female | 2012.06.01 | 2013.05.31 | 299 | 2,476.38 | 416.38 |
C_NO2 | 雌 Female | 2012.05.05 | 2012.12.15 | 797 | 2,331.44 | 309.00 |
C_NO3 | 雄 Male | 2012.10.13 | 2013.04.01 | 1,958 | 481.05 | 45.97 |
C_NO4 | 雌 Female | 2012.09.21 | 2013.07.02 | 3,364 | 929.55 | 56.45 |
C_NO5 | 雄 Male | 2012.09.29 | 2013.04.19 | 2,128 | 528.08 | 47.11 |
C_NO6 | 雄 Male | 2012.09.19 | 2013.04.25 | 2,448 | 806.73 | 117.52 |
C_NO7 | 雌 Female | 2012.09.22 | 2013.05.16 | 2,658 | 212.28 | 27.30 |
表1 库木塔格沙漠地区7峰野骆驼家域及核心家域面积
Table 1 Home range and core area size of seven wild camels tracked in Kumtag Desert
野骆驼编号ID | 性别 Sex | GPS项圈佩戴时间 Start time of GPS trackers wearing | GPS项圈脱落时间 The time GPS trackers fell off | GPS点位数 GPS locations | 家域面积 Home range (km2) | 核心家域面积 Core home range (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C_NO1 | 雌 Female | 2012.06.01 | 2013.05.31 | 299 | 2,476.38 | 416.38 |
C_NO2 | 雌 Female | 2012.05.05 | 2012.12.15 | 797 | 2,331.44 | 309.00 |
C_NO3 | 雄 Male | 2012.10.13 | 2013.04.01 | 1,958 | 481.05 | 45.97 |
C_NO4 | 雌 Female | 2012.09.21 | 2013.07.02 | 3,364 | 929.55 | 56.45 |
C_NO5 | 雄 Male | 2012.09.29 | 2013.04.19 | 2,128 | 528.08 | 47.11 |
C_NO6 | 雄 Male | 2012.09.19 | 2013.04.25 | 2,448 | 806.73 | 117.52 |
C_NO7 | 雌 Female | 2012.09.22 | 2013.05.16 | 2,658 | 212.28 | 27.30 |
图2 春季(n = 5)、夏季(n = 1)、秋季(n = 5)、冬季(n = 5)野骆驼日活动节律。n代表该季节参与计算的野骆驼数量。
Fig. 2 The daily activity patterns of wild camels in spring (n = 5), summer (n = 1), autumn (n = 5) and winter (n = 5). n represents the number of wild camels involved in the calculation in the season.
野骆驼编号 ID | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter |
---|---|---|---|---|
C_NO1 | 865.33 | 1,506.37 | 744.52 | 816.28 |
C_NO2 | 1,930.1 | 1,499.72 | 563.74 | 161.91 |
C_NO3 | 29.50 | - | 437.06 | 197.10 |
C_NO4 | 264.10 | 762.71 | 308.26 | 56.12 |
C_NO5 | 27.30 | - | 332.45 | 125.17 |
C_NO6 | 659.95 | - | 339.36 | 316.99 |
C_NO7 | 122.00 | - | 52.00 | 82.28 |
均值 Mean | 556.90 ± 259.35 | 1,256.27 ± 427.45 | 396.77 ± 82.31 | 250.83 ± 99.64 |
表2 库木塔格沙漠地区7峰野骆驼季节性家域面积(km2)
Table 2 Seasonal home range size of seven wild camels tracked in Kumtag Desert (km2)
野骆驼编号 ID | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | 冬季 Winter |
---|---|---|---|---|
C_NO1 | 865.33 | 1,506.37 | 744.52 | 816.28 |
C_NO2 | 1,930.1 | 1,499.72 | 563.74 | 161.91 |
C_NO3 | 29.50 | - | 437.06 | 197.10 |
C_NO4 | 264.10 | 762.71 | 308.26 | 56.12 |
C_NO5 | 27.30 | - | 332.45 | 125.17 |
C_NO6 | 659.95 | - | 339.36 | 316.99 |
C_NO7 | 122.00 | - | 52.00 | 82.28 |
均值 Mean | 556.90 ± 259.35 | 1,256.27 ± 427.45 | 396.77 ± 82.31 | 250.83 ± 99.64 |
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