国家公园规划制度功能定位与空间属性

doi:10.17520/biods.2020040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国将构建统一的国土空间规划体系, 整体谋划国土空间开发保护格局, 强化对各类专项规划的指导约束, 这必将对国家公园保护制度产生重大影响。本文分析了国土空间规划视角下国家公园规划制度的定位, 阐述了国家公园规划承载空间规划与发展规划两大体系的基本属性, 应在国土空间规划体系中具有优先权和前置权; 重点分析了各国家公园总体规划在国家规划体系中的功能与属性特征, 作为空间规划应承接好上位空间规划对国家公园的控制指标和管控要求, 作为建设规划应承接好上位或同域国民经济发展规划等对国家公园的目标任务要求, 作为管理规划要明确国家公园顺畅运行的要求。国家公园应在分区规划、控制性详细规划等专项规划方面寻求创新, 探索国家公园用途管制的实现模式。

关键词: 国家公园, 自然保护地, 国土空间规划, 总体规划, 用途管制

Abstract:

China will construct a unified land and space planning system, plan the overall pattern of land and space development and protection, and increase the amount of guidance and restraint on various spatial plans. These changes will have a significant impact on the national park protection system. Here, we analyze the the national park planning system from a land and space planning perspective. The national park planning system includes attributes for space planning and development planning. Therefore, there should be a priority placed on the land space and planning systems. In addition, there should be a focus on the analysis of the function of the overall national park master plan for the space planning system. As a spatial plan, it is necessary to implement the control indicators and management requirements of a higher-level spatial plan for national parks. As a construction plan, it is important to undertake the higher-level or national economic development planning requirements for the target tasks in national parks. Finally, as a management plan, there must be clear requirments for smoothly running the national parks. National parks should seek innovation in special planning such as zone planning, regulatory detailed planning, and exploring the implementation mode for national park use control.

Key words: national park, nature protected area, land and space planning, master plan, use control

唐小平. 国家公园规划制度功能定位与空间属性[J]. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(10): 1246-1254.

Xiaoping Tang. Functional orientation and spatial attribute analysis of the National Park Planning System of China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(10): 1246-1254.

图/表 3

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属性 Attribute	规划要点 Planning points
空间属性 Spatial attribute	(1)统筹考虑自然生态系统完整性和周边经济社会发展的需要, 合理划定国家公园边界; (2)划定核心保护区与一般控制区边界; (3)连接公园内外的生态廊道; (4)明确差别化管控措施, 实行用途管制。 (1) Considering the integrity of the natural ecosystem and the needs of the circumjacent area economic and social development as a whole, the boundary of the national park should be delimited reasonably; (2) Delimiting the boundary between the core protection areas and the general control areas; (3) Connecting the ecological corridor inside and outside the park; (4) Defining differentiated control measures and implement use control.
建设属性 Construction attribute	(1)确定保护、教育、科研、游憩、社区发展等功能的重点项目; (2)基础设施及建设安排; (3)国家公园保护管理能力建设。 (1) Determining the key projects of protection, education, scientific research, recreation, community development and other functions; (2) Infrastructure and construction arrangement; (3) Capacity building of national park protection and management.
管理属性 Management attribute	(1)明确国家公园及各区域管理目标; (2)明确公园管理体系(管护站点、管理机构与人员编制); (3)明晰自然资源资产产权, 落实土地权属, 明确自然资源资产管理体制; (4)明确自然保护地资源利用管理要求与模式; (5)构建自然保护地运行机制(协调、监督、特许经营等)。 (1) Defining the management objectives of national parks and regions; (2) Construction of management system (management and protection site, management organization and staffing); (3) Clarifying the property rights of natural resources assets, implementing the ownership of land, and clarify the management system of natural resources assets; (4) Making clear the requirements and models of resource utilization and management; (5) Construction of operation mechanism (coordination, supervision, franchise, etc.).

属性 Attribute	规划要点 Planning points
空间属性 Spatial attribute	(1)统筹考虑自然生态系统完整性和周边经济社会发展的需要, 合理划定国家公园边界; (2)划定核心保护区与一般控制区边界; (3)连接公园内外的生态廊道; (4)明确差别化管控措施, 实行用途管制。 (1) Considering the integrity of the natural ecosystem and the needs of the circumjacent area economic and social development as a whole, the boundary of the national park should be delimited reasonably; (2) Delimiting the boundary between the core protection areas and the general control areas; (3) Connecting the ecological corridor inside and outside the park; (4) Defining differentiated control measures and implement use control.
建设属性 Construction attribute	(1)确定保护、教育、科研、游憩、社区发展等功能的重点项目; (2)基础设施及建设安排; (3)国家公园保护管理能力建设。 (1) Determining the key projects of protection, education, scientific research, recreation, community development and other functions; (2) Infrastructure and construction arrangement; (3) Capacity building of national park protection and management.
管理属性 Management attribute	(1)明确国家公园及各区域管理目标; (2)明确公园管理体系(管护站点、管理机构与人员编制); (3)明晰自然资源资产产权, 落实土地权属, 明确自然资源资产管理体制; (4)明确自然保护地资源利用管理要求与模式; (5)构建自然保护地运行机制(协调、监督、特许经营等)。 (1) Defining the management objectives of national parks and regions; (2) Construction of management system (management and protection site, management organization and staffing); (3) Clarifying the property rights of natural resources assets, implementing the ownership of land, and clarify the management system of natural resources assets; (4) Making clear the requirements and models of resource utilization and management; (5) Construction of operation mechanism (coordination, supervision, franchise, etc.).