从《生物多样性公约》资金机制战略目标变迁解析生物多样性热点问题

doi:10.17520/biods.2019323

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 244-252. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019323

从《生物多样性公约》资金机制战略目标变迁解析生物多样性热点问题

刘海鸥¹^,², 张风春², 赵富伟³, 杜乐山², 薛达元¹^,^*()

1 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
2 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 北京 100012
3 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042

收稿日期:2019-10-16 接受日期:2019-12-19 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2020-02-27
通讯作者: 薛达元
基金资助:
中央民族大学双一流建设项目(YLDXXK201819);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)

Biodiversity sensitive issues from changes in the strategic objectives of the financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity

Haiou Liu¹^,², Fengchun Zhang², Fuwei Zhao³, Leshan Du², Dayuan Xue¹^,^*()

1 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081
2 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
3 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment and Ecology, Nanjing 210042

Received:2019-10-16 Accepted:2019-12-19 Online:2020-02-20 Published:2020-02-27
Contact: Dayuan Xue

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球环境基金是《生物多样性公约》的唯一资金机制, 它按照《生物多样性公约》要求和基金自身的政策导向为发展中国家和经济转型国家提供资金支持。从其试点期到当前的第7增资期, 全球环境基金在生物多样性领域的战略目标发生了多次变迁, 研究这些资金机制战略目标所涉及的生物多样性热点问题的变迁情况对未来相关工作开展具有一定参考意义。本文梳理了各增资期生物多样性领域战略目标所涉及的生物多样性热点问题, 对每个热点问题在全球环境基金各增资期中资金量和内容的变迁情况进行了分析, 并就中国当前情况与之进行比较, 进而提出了加强对保护地中生态系统代表性的考虑、增强保护地资金可持续性、全面推动生物多样性主流化、加强生物安全相关领域研究、推进遗传资源获取和惠益分享立法并注重知识管理、加强新问题新挑战的应对、深化资金机制研究等建议, 以期为开展《生物多样性公约》履约、生物多样性管理和研究工作提供参考。

关键词: 生物多样性公约, 全球环境基金, 生物多样性热点问题

Abstract

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is the only financial mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity, providing financial support to developing countries and countries with economies in transition in accordance with the requirements of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the policy orientation of the GEF. From the pilot period to the current seventh replenishment of the GEF (GEF-7), the Strategic Objectives in the focal area of biodiversity in each replenishment period have also undergone several changes. References exist for us to carry out related work in the future to study the changes of biodiversity sensitive issues involved in the Strategic Objectives of the financial mechanism. This paper catalogues sensitive issues involved in the Strategic Objectives of the biodiversity Focal Area in each replenishment period of the GEF, analyzes the changes of each issue in the amount and content of funds in each GEF period, and compares and analyzes the current situation in China. Furthermore, we propose recommendations, including strengthening the consideration of the representativeness of ecosystems in protected areas, enhancing the sustainability of protected areas, comprehensively promoting the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation, etc., with a view to providing reference for the implementation for the Convention on Biological Diversity, biodiversity management and related research works.

Key words: Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Environment Facility, biodiversity sensitive issues

刘海鸥, 张风春, 赵富伟, 杜乐山, 薛达元 (2020) 从《生物多样性公约》资金机制战略目标变迁解析生物多样性热点问题. 生物多样性, 28, 244-252. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019323.

Haiou Liu, Fengchun Zhang, Fuwei Zhao, Leshan Du, Dayuan Xue (2020) Biodiversity sensitive issues from changes in the strategic objectives of the financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity. Biodiversity Science, 28, 244-252. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019323.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019323

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I2/244

图/表 3

参考文献 16

[1]	Bai CS, Cui P (2015) Current status and development direction of biodiversity conservation in China. Environmental Protection, 43(5), 17-20. (in Chinese)
	[ 柏成寿, 崔鹏 (2015) 我国生物多样性保护现状与发展方向. 环境保护, 43(5), 17-20.]
[2]	Ji LQ (2000) The construction status of biodiversity information system and a brief introduction of CBIS. Chinese Biodiversity, 8, 41-49. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 纪力强 (2000) 生物多样性信息系统建设的现状及CBIS 简介. 生物多样性, 8, 41-49.]
[3]	Li JS, Zhu YP, Luo ZL, Luo JW, Xin LJ, Li BY (2018) Study and Practice on National Park System, pp. 1-3. China Environmental Publishing Group, Beijing (in Chinese)
	[ 李俊生, 朱彦鹏, 罗遵兰, 罗建武, 辛丽娟, 李博炎 (2018) , 国家公园体制研究与实践, 1-3页. 中国环境出版集团, 北京.]
[4]	Li YD, Qin TB (2018) Implementation on Nagoya Protocol and the policy and legal preparation in China. Environmental Protection, 46(23), 23-27. (in Chinese)
	[ 李一丁, 秦天宝 (2018) 《名古屋议定书》履约动态分析及国内政策法律准备. 环境保护, 46(23), 23-27.]
[5]	Ma KP (2016) On key issues and possible solutions related to nature reserve management in China. Biodiversity Science, 24, 249-251. (in Chinese)
	[ 马克平 (2016) 当前我国自然保护区管理中存在的问题与对策思考. 生物多样性, 24, 249-251.]
[6]	Qiu MH, Huang Y, Zhang JQ, Huang Y (2016) International negotiations on synthetic biology and China’s implementation strategies within the Convention on Biological Diversity framework. Biodiversity Science, 24, 114-120. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 邱明昊, 黄越, 张洁清, 黄艺 (2016) 《生物多样性公约》框架下合成生物学谈判新进展及我国对策. 生物多样性, 24, 114-120.]
[7]	Shao GZ, Li H, Lin YC, Lai KQ (2014) A review of marine biodiversity information resources. Biodiversity Science, 22, 253-263. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 邵广昭, 李瀚, 林永昌, 赖昆祺 (2014) 海洋生物多样性信息资源. 生物多样性, 22, 253-263.]
[8]	Tian SX, Zou LM (2006) Countermeasures for perfecting the funds investment mechanism of nature reserves in China. Forest By-Product and Specialty in China, (81), 82-85. (in Chinese)
	[ 田树新, 邹丽梅 (2006) 完善我国自然保护区资金投入机制的对策. 中国林副特产, (81), 82-85.]
[9]	Wang CY, Xue DY (1998) Strengthening the capacity building of national biodiversity data management and information communication. Rural Eco-Environment, 14(3), 44-47, 53. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王长永, 薛达元 (1998) 加强国家生物多样性数据管理和信息交流能力建设. 农村生态环境, 14(3), 44-47, 53.]
[10]	Wang JG (2015) The current situation and problems of nature reserves in China. Ecological Economic, 31(3), 10-13. (in Chinese)
	[ 王京歌 (2015) 我国自然保护区的现状与问题. 生态经济, 31(3), 10-13.]
[11]	Wang YQ (2007) International implementation and safety management of genetically modified organisms in China. World Agriculture, (1), 4-6. (in Chinese)
	[ 王艳青 (2007) 国际履约与中国转基因生物安全管理. 世界农业, (1), 4-6.]
[12]	Wei W, Lu GC, Pan XB (2017) Database development of invasive species and pests. China Plant Protection, 37(9), 74-79. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 魏巍, 卢国彩, 潘绪斌 (2017) 国内外入侵及有害生物数据库现状. 中国植保导刊, 37(9), 74-79.]
[13]	Wu JY, Xue DY (2017) Important issues concerning the national legislation of access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1156-1160. (in Chinese)
	[ 武建勇, 薛达元 (2017) 生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享国家立法的重要问题. 生物多样性, 25, 1156-1160.]
[14]	Xue DY (2014) On the national regime for access and benefit- sharing of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in China: An enlightenment from coming into force of Nagoya Protocol. Biodiversity Science, 22, 547-548. (in Chinese) DOI URL PMID
	[ 薛达元 (2014) 建立遗传资源及相关传统知识获取与惠益分享国家制度: 写在《名古屋议定书》生效之际. 生物多样性, 22, 547-548.]
[15]	Zhang FC, Liu WH, Li JS (2015) Current situation and countermeasures of biodiversity mainstreaming in China. Environment and Sustainable Development, 40(2), 13-18. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 张风春, 刘文慧, 李俊生 (2015) 中国生物多样性主流化现状与对策. 环境与可持续发展, 40(2), 13-18.]
[16]	Zou XJ (2008) Discussion on the government’s capital investment in nature reserves. Southern Review, (2), 61-62. (in Chinese)
	[ 邹秀君 (2008) 论政府对自然保护区的资金投入. 南方论刊, (2), 61-62.]

增资期 Replenishment period	各增资期战略目标 Strategic objectives		战略目标中所涉及的热点问题 Hot issues involved in the strategic objectives
试点期 Pilot phase	1. 生物多样性保护 Biodiversity conservation 2. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainable use of biodiversity		1. 生物多样性保护 Biodiversity conservation 2. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainable use of biodiversity
第1增资期 GEF-1	1. 编制国家生物多样性战略与行动计划 Development of national biodiversity strategy and action plan (NBSAPs) 2. 构建生物多样性信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity clearing house mechanism (CHM)		1. 编制国家生物多样性战略与行动计划 Development of NBSAPs 2. 建立信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity CHM
第2增资期 GEF-2	1. 评估生物多样性相关能力建设需求 Assessment of capacity-building needs for biodiversity 2. 构建生物多样性信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism		1. 评估生物多样性相关能力建设需求 Assessment of capacity-building needs for biodiversity 2. 建立生物多样性信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity CHM
第3增资期 GEF-3	1. 提高保护地体系可持续性 Catalyzing sustainability of protected area systems 2. 将生物多样性在生产性的陆地景观和部门中主流化 Mainstreaming biodiversity in production landscapes and sectors 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的能力建设 Capacity building for the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 应对当前和新出现生物多样性问题的良好做法的形成、推广和采纳 Generation, dissemination and uptake of good practices for addressing current and emerging biodiversity issues		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas (PAs) protection and management 2. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 推广应对新问题的良好做法 Dissemination of good practices for addressing new issues
第4增资期 GEF-4	1. 提高国家层面保护地体系可持续性 Catalyzing sustainability of protected area systems at national levels 2. 将生物多样性保护在生产性的陆地景观和部门中主流化 Mainstreaming biodiversity conservation within production landscapes and sectors 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的能力建设 Capacity building for the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 应对生物多样性新问题的成功做法的形成、推广和吸收 Generation, dissemination, and uptake of good practices for emerging issues in biodiversity		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas protection and management 2. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 推广应对新问题的良好做法 Dissemination of good practices for addressing new issues
第5增资期 GEF-5	1. 改善保护地体系的可持续性 Improve the sustainability of protected area systems 2. 将生物多样性保护和可持续利用在生产性的陆地和海洋景观及部门中主流化 Mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable use into production landscapes/ seascapes and sectors 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》能力建设 Build capacity to implement the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 提高遗传资源获取与惠益分享的能力 Build capacity on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing 5. 通过提高基础能力的活动将《生物多样性公约》义务纳入国家规划进程 Integrate CBD obligations into national planning processes through enabling activities		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas protection and management 2. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 遗传资源获取与惠益分享 Access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing 5. 将《生物多样性公约》义务纳入国家规划 Integrating CBD obligations into national planning
第6增资期 GEF-6	1. 改善保护地体系的可持续性 Improve sustainability of protected area systems 2. 减少对具有全球重要生物多样性的威胁 Reduce threats to globally significant biodiversity 3. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainably use of biodiversity 4. 将生物多样性保护和可持续利用在生产性的陆地和海洋景观及部门中主流化 Mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable use into production landscapes/seascapes and sectors		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas protection and management 2. 减少生物多样性威胁 Reducing threats to biodiversity 3. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainably use of biodiversity 4. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming
第7增资期 GEF-7	1. 生物多样性在跨部门及陆地和海洋景观中主流化 Mainstream biodiversity across sectors as well as landscapes and seascapes; 2. 应对直接驱动因素以保护栖息地和物种 Address direct drivers to protect habitats and species 3. 进一步制定生物多样性政策和体制框架 Further develop biodiversity policy and institutional frameworks	1. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 2. 栖息地和物种保护 Protection of habitats and species 3. 进一步制定生物多样性政策和体制框架 Further developing policy and institutional frameworks.

增资期 Replenishment period	各增资期战略目标 Strategic objectives		战略目标中所涉及的热点问题 Hot issues involved in the strategic objectives
试点期 Pilot phase	1. 生物多样性保护 Biodiversity conservation 2. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainable use of biodiversity		1. 生物多样性保护 Biodiversity conservation 2. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainable use of biodiversity
第1增资期 GEF-1	1. 编制国家生物多样性战略与行动计划 Development of national biodiversity strategy and action plan (NBSAPs) 2. 构建生物多样性信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity clearing house mechanism (CHM)		1. 编制国家生物多样性战略与行动计划 Development of NBSAPs 2. 建立信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity CHM
第2增资期 GEF-2	1. 评估生物多样性相关能力建设需求 Assessment of capacity-building needs for biodiversity 2. 构建生物多样性信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism		1. 评估生物多样性相关能力建设需求 Assessment of capacity-building needs for biodiversity 2. 建立生物多样性信息交换机制 Establishment of biodiversity CHM
第3增资期 GEF-3	1. 提高保护地体系可持续性 Catalyzing sustainability of protected area systems 2. 将生物多样性在生产性的陆地景观和部门中主流化 Mainstreaming biodiversity in production landscapes and sectors 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的能力建设 Capacity building for the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 应对当前和新出现生物多样性问题的良好做法的形成、推广和采纳 Generation, dissemination and uptake of good practices for addressing current and emerging biodiversity issues		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas (PAs) protection and management 2. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 推广应对新问题的良好做法 Dissemination of good practices for addressing new issues
第4增资期 GEF-4	1. 提高国家层面保护地体系可持续性 Catalyzing sustainability of protected area systems at national levels 2. 将生物多样性保护在生产性的陆地景观和部门中主流化 Mainstreaming biodiversity conservation within production landscapes and sectors 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的能力建设 Capacity building for the implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 应对生物多样性新问题的成功做法的形成、推广和吸收 Generation, dissemination, and uptake of good practices for emerging issues in biodiversity		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas protection and management 2. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 推广应对新问题的良好做法 Dissemination of good practices for addressing new issues
第5增资期 GEF-5	1. 改善保护地体系的可持续性 Improve the sustainability of protected area systems 2. 将生物多样性保护和可持续利用在生产性的陆地和海洋景观及部门中主流化 Mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable use into production landscapes/ seascapes and sectors 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》能力建设 Build capacity to implement the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 提高遗传资源获取与惠益分享的能力 Build capacity on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing 5. 通过提高基础能力的活动将《生物多样性公约》义务纳入国家规划进程 Integrate CBD obligations into national planning processes through enabling activities		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas protection and management 2. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 3. 履行《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 4. 遗传资源获取与惠益分享 Access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing 5. 将《生物多样性公约》义务纳入国家规划 Integrating CBD obligations into national planning
第6增资期 GEF-6	1. 改善保护地体系的可持续性 Improve sustainability of protected area systems 2. 减少对具有全球重要生物多样性的威胁 Reduce threats to globally significant biodiversity 3. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainably use of biodiversity 4. 将生物多样性保护和可持续利用在生产性的陆地和海洋景观及部门中主流化 Mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable use into production landscapes/seascapes and sectors		1. 保护地保护和管理 Protected areas protection and management 2. 减少生物多样性威胁 Reducing threats to biodiversity 3. 生物多样性可持续利用 Sustainably use of biodiversity 4. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming
第7增资期 GEF-7	1. 生物多样性在跨部门及陆地和海洋景观中主流化 Mainstream biodiversity across sectors as well as landscapes and seascapes; 2. 应对直接驱动因素以保护栖息地和物种 Address direct drivers to protect habitats and species 3. 进一步制定生物多样性政策和体制框架 Further develop biodiversity policy and institutional frameworks	1. 生物多样性主流化 Biodiversity mainstreaming 2. 栖息地和物种保护 Protection of habitats and species 3. 进一步制定生物多样性政策和体制框架 Further developing policy and institutional frameworks.

从《生物多样性公约》资金机制战略目标变迁解析生物多样性热点问题

Biodiversity sensitive issues from changes in the strategic objectives of the financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 3

参考文献 16

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	刘海鸥, 杜乐山, 刘文慧, 李子圆, 潘丽波, 刘蕾. 全球生物多样性框架基金管理政策分析与启示[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(3): 23334-.
[2]	冯莉. 国际法视野下生物多样性和气候变化的协同治理[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23110-.
[3]	章嫡妮, 王蕾, 卢晓强, 王长永, 刘燕. 《生物多样性公约》及其议定书下“能力建设与发展”议题的磋商、挑战及政策建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(4): 22588-.
[4]	徐靖, 王金洲. 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》主要内容及其影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(4): 23020-.
[5]	耿宜佳, 李子圆, 田瑜. 《生物多样性公约》下海洋生物多样性保护的进展、挑战和展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(4): 22645-.
[6]	唐议, 杨浩然, 张燕雪丹. 《生物多样性公约》下我国珊瑚礁养护履约进程与改善建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(2): 21262-.
[7]	罗茂芳, 郭寅峰, 马克平. 简述《2020年后全球生物多样性框架》谈判进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(11): 22654-.
[8]	徐靖, 王金洲, 李俊生. 商业界参与生物多样性主流化的进展、路径与建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(11): 22078-.
[9]	王也, 张风春, 南希, 李宏涛, 刘海鸥. 《生物多样性公约》资金问题分析及对我国履约的启示[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(11): 22401-.
[10]	于书霞, 邓梁春, 吴琼, 王真. 《生物多样性公约》审查机制的现状、挑战和展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(2): 238-246.
[11]	陈曦, 王泺. 生物多样性国际发展援助作用、现状与中国行动思考: 基于CBD履约视角[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(2): 247-258.
[12]	李保平, 薛达元. 《生物多样性公约》中“土著和地方社区”术语在中国的适用性和评价指标体系[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(2): 193-199.
[13]	冯斌, 李迪强, 张于光, 薛亚东. 基于爱知生物多样性目标11的我国自然保护地管理有效性评估进展与分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(2): 150-159.
[14]	秦天宝, 袁昕. 推进生物多样性跨境区域保护的中国实践[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(2): 220-230.
[15]	刘春晖, 杨京彪, 尹仑. 云南省生物多样性保护进展、成效与前瞻[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(2): 200-211.