中国竹类植物基本形态学功能性状的比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2019001

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 585-594. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019001

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 下一篇

中国竹类植物基本形态学功能性状的比较

顾菡娇^1,²,张参参^1,²,汪金松³,施雪文^1,²,夏瑞雪^1,²,刘斌^1,²,陈伏生^1,^2,⁴,卜文圣^1,^2,^4,^*()

1 江西农业大学林学院, 江西特色林木资源培育与利用2011协同创新中心, 南昌 330045
2 江西九连山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 南昌 330045
3 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101
4 国家林业与草原局鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复重点实验室, 南昌 330045

收稿日期:2019-01-03 接受日期:2019-05-16 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-07-08
通讯作者: 卜文圣
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760134);江西省林业科技创新专项资金(201505);江西省自然科学基金(20171BAB214032);国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810410008);国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201710410013)

Variation in basic morphological and functional traits of Chinese bamboo

Gu Hanjiao^1,²,Zhang Cancan^1,²,Wang Jinsong³,Shi Xuewen^1,²,Xia Ruixue^1,²,Liu Bin^1,²,Chen Fusheng^1,^2,⁴,Bu Wensheng^1,^2,^4,^*()

1 College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Nanchang 330045
2 Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Nanchang 330045
3 Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
4 Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Nanchang 330045

Received:2019-01-03 Accepted:2019-05-16 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-07-08
Contact: Bu Wensheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

竹类植物作为一种克隆植物, 无次生生长过程, 具有独特的生长和繁殖特性。但有关不同类群竹类植物功能性状的变异规律所知甚少。本文以在中国分布的34属534种竹类植物为研究对象, 从Flora of China中收集和整理其秆高、直径、节间长、竹壁厚、叶长、叶宽等基本形态学功能性状, 根据竹类植物生物学特性, 按地下茎划分为丛生、散生和混生3个类群, 按出笋季节划分为春、夏、秋、冬4个类群, 按分布范围划分为中国特有(371个中国特有种)和非特有2个类群, 再采用方差分析和多重比较探讨不同类群竹类植物在基本形态学性状上的分异格局, 采用主成分分析揭示各个功能性状之间的内在关联, 剖析不同类群竹类植物功能性状的变异。结果表明: 丛生竹、散生竹和混生竹之间功能性状差异显著, 丛生竹具有最大的秆高、直径、节间长、竹壁厚, 最小的叶长和叶宽, 散生竹次之, 而混生竹则具有最小的秆性状和最大的叶性状。中国特有种在秆高、直径、竹壁厚、叶长方面显著小于非特有种。竹类植物秆高、直径、节间长、竹壁厚之间均呈显著正相关, 叶长和叶宽之间存在显著正相关。竹类植物在垂直方向上的大小性状(主要包括直径、秆高和竹壁厚)在第一主轴具有较大的贡献率, 而在水平方向上的叶片功能性状(叶长和叶宽)在第二主轴上贡献率最大。由此可见, 竹类植物在水平方向和垂直方向上对光资源的捕获差异可能是驱动竹类植物系统演化、特有性分布和出笋季节差异的关键因素。

关键词: 中国竹类植物, 地下茎类型, 特有性分布, 出笋季节, 功能性状

Abstract

Bamboo is a clonal plant that lacks a secondary growth process and has unique growth and reproduction characteristics. However, little is known about the variation in functional traits of bamboo among different functional group. In this study, all 534 known bamboo species (34 genera) in China were used as research subjects. Data of biological characteristics of these bamboo species was collected and organized from Flora of China, including various types of functional group and different functional traits. Types of functional group included rhizome type (sympodial, monopodial or mixed), shooting season (spring, summer, autumn or winter) and endemism (371 species endemic to China). Functional traits included height, diameter, internode length, wall thickness, leaf length and leaf width. Analysis of variance and multiple contrasts were performed to explore the variation in the basic morphological traits of bamboo among the different functional groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to explore the intrinsic correlations among functional traits and analyze functional trait variation in different functional groups of bamboo plants. The results show that: (1) Sympodial, monopodial and mixed bamboos differed significantly in their functional traits. Sympodial bamboo plants had the largest height, diameter, internode length and wall thickness, and the smallest leaf length and leaf width, followed by mixed bamboo plants. Meanwhile, monopodial bamboo plants had the smallest pole traits and the largest leaf traits. Species endemic to China had significantly smaller values for height, diameter, wall thickness and leaf length than non-endemic species. (2) There were significant positive correlations among bamboo plant height, diameter, internode length and wall thickness. Also, there was a positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width. (3) The “size traits” (diameter, culm height and wall thickness of bamboo) in vertical direction contributed more to the first principal component axis, while the “leaf traits” (leaf length and leaf width) in horizontal direction contributed more to the second principal component axis. These results show that for bamboo plants, the variation in capturing light resources in both horizontal and vertical directions may be the key factors driving the systematic evolution, the endemic distribution and the seasonal difference in bamboo shooting.

Key words: Chinese bamboo, rhizome type, endemism distribution, shooting season, functional traits

顾菡娇, 张参参, 汪金松, 施雪文, 夏瑞雪, 刘斌, 陈伏生, 卜文圣 (2019) 中国竹类植物基本形态学功能性状的比较. 生物多样性, 27, 585-594. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019001.

Gu Hanjiao, Zhang Cancan, Wang Jinsong, Shi Xuewen, Xia Ruixue, Liu Bin, Chen Fusheng, Bu Wensheng (2019) Variation in basic morphological and functional traits of Chinese bamboo. Biodiversity Science, 27, 585-594. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019001.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019001

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I6/585

图/表 7

表1 竹类植物6个功能性状的描述性统计

Table 1 Descriptive statistics on six functional traits of bamboo plants

	平均Mean	最小值Minimum	最大值Maximum	CV (%)
秆高 Culm height (m)	6.36	0.3	40	75
直径 Diameter (cm)	3.16	0.15	25	104
节间长 Internode length (cm)	29.04	0.75	90	45
竹壁厚 Wall thickness (mm)	5.22	0.16	32.5	95
叶长 Leaf length (cm)	14.35	0.95	45	48
叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	2.19	0.2	20.5	94

图1 不同地下茎类型竹类植物的形态学性状差异。不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Variations in morphological traits of bamboo plants with different rhizome types. Boxes with different letters differ significantly at P < 0.05.

图2 不同特有性分布竹类植物的形态学性状差异。不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Variations in morphological traits of bamboo plants with different endemism. Boxes with different letters differ significantly at P < 0.05.

图3 不同出笋季节竹类植物的形态学性状差异。ns表示无显著性差异。

Fig. 3 Variations in morphological traits of bamboo plants with different shooting season. ns means no significant difference.

图4 竹类植物功能性状之间的相关性。横纵坐标代表对应性状的数值。* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns表示无显著性差异。

Fig. 4 Correlations among functional traits of bamboo plants. The horizontal and vertical coordinates represent the values of traits. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns means no significant difference.

表2 不同类型竹类植物功能性状的主成分分析(PCA)表

Table 2 Principal components analysis (PCA) table of functional traits of different types of bamboo plants

	地下茎类型 Rhizome type			特有种 Endemic species		出笋季节 Shooting season				综合 Overall
	丛生 Sympodial	混生 Mixed	散生 Monopodial	是 Yes	否 No	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter	综合 Overall
PCA1累计贡献率 PCA1 Cumulative variance	60.75%	46.59%	40.19%	52.01%	55.25%	42.26%	45.58%	49.37%	73.69%	52.56%
排名前三的性状及因子载荷值 Top 3 traits and factor loadings	直径 Diameter	竹壁厚 Wall thickness	秆高 Culm height	秆高 Culm height	直径 Diameter	秆高 Culm height	直径 Diameter	直径 Diameter	节间长 Internode length	直径 Diameter
	-1.93	1.26	-1.87	-2.03	1.73	-1.85	-1.64	-1.21	-0.76	-2.21
	叶长 Leaf length	直径 Diameter	直径 Diameter	直径 Diameter	叶长 Leaf length	直径 Diameter	秆高 Culm height	秆高 Culm height	秆高 Culm height	秆高 Culm height
	-1.87	1.24	-1.79	-2.02	1.65	-1.78	-1.62	-1.18	-0.74	-2.11
	秆高 Culm height	秆高 Culm height	节间长 Internode length	竹壁厚 Wall thickness	秆高 Culm height	节间长 Internode length	叶长 Leaf length	竹壁厚 Wall thickness	直径 Diameter	竹壁厚 Wall thickness
	-1.77	1.22	-1.45	-1.87	1.53	-1.21	-1.48	-1.16	-0.73	-1.95

图5 中国竹类植物功能性状主成分分析。H: 秆高; D: 直径; IL: 节间长; WT: 竹壁厚; LL: 叶长; LW: 叶宽。

Fig. 5 PCA of functional traits of Chinese bamboo plants. H, Culm height; D, Diameter; IL, Internode length; WT, Wall thickness; LL, Leaf length; LW, Leaf width.

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中国竹类植物基本形态学功能性状的比较

Variation in basic morphological and functional traits of Chinese bamboo

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