生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 585-594. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019001
• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 下一篇
顾菡娇1,2,张参参1,2,汪金松3,施雪文1,2,夏瑞雪1,2,刘斌1,2,陈伏生1,2,4,卜文圣1,2,4,*()
收稿日期:
2019-01-03
接受日期:
2019-05-16
出版日期:
2019-06-20
发布日期:
2019-07-08
通讯作者:
卜文圣
基金资助:
Gu Hanjiao1,2,Zhang Cancan1,2,Wang Jinsong3,Shi Xuewen1,2,Xia Ruixue1,2,Liu Bin1,2,Chen Fusheng1,2,4,Bu Wensheng1,2,4,*()
Received:
2019-01-03
Accepted:
2019-05-16
Online:
2019-06-20
Published:
2019-07-08
Contact:
Bu Wensheng
摘要:
竹类植物作为一种克隆植物, 无次生生长过程, 具有独特的生长和繁殖特性。但有关不同类群竹类植物功能性状的变异规律所知甚少。本文以在中国分布的34属534种竹类植物为研究对象, 从Flora of China中收集和整理其秆高、直径、节间长、竹壁厚、叶长、叶宽等基本形态学功能性状, 根据竹类植物生物学特性, 按地下茎划分为丛生、散生和混生3个类群, 按出笋季节划分为春、夏、秋、冬4个类群, 按分布范围划分为中国特有(371个中国特有种)和非特有2个类群, 再采用方差分析和多重比较探讨不同类群竹类植物在基本形态学性状上的分异格局, 采用主成分分析揭示各个功能性状之间的内在关联, 剖析不同类群竹类植物功能性状的变异。结果表明: 丛生竹、散生竹和混生竹之间功能性状差异显著, 丛生竹具有最大的秆高、直径、节间长、竹壁厚, 最小的叶长和叶宽, 散生竹次之, 而混生竹则具有最小的秆性状和最大的叶性状。中国特有种在秆高、直径、竹壁厚、叶长方面显著小于非特有种。竹类植物秆高、直径、节间长、竹壁厚之间均呈显著正相关, 叶长和叶宽之间存在显著正相关。竹类植物在垂直方向上的大小性状(主要包括直径、秆高和竹壁厚)在第一主轴具有较大的贡献率, 而在水平方向上的叶片功能性状(叶长和叶宽)在第二主轴上贡献率最大。由此可见, 竹类植物在水平方向和垂直方向上对光资源的捕获差异可能是驱动竹类植物系统演化、特有性分布和出笋季节差异的关键因素。
顾菡娇, 张参参, 汪金松, 施雪文, 夏瑞雪, 刘斌, 陈伏生, 卜文圣 (2019) 中国竹类植物基本形态学功能性状的比较. 生物多样性, 27, 585-594. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019001.
Gu Hanjiao, Zhang Cancan, Wang Jinsong, Shi Xuewen, Xia Ruixue, Liu Bin, Chen Fusheng, Bu Wensheng (2019) Variation in basic morphological and functional traits of Chinese bamboo. Biodiversity Science, 27, 585-594. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019001.
平均Mean | 最小值Minimum | 最大值Maximum | CV (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
秆高 Culm height (m) | 6.36 | 0.3 | 40 | 75 |
直径 Diameter (cm) | 3.16 | 0.15 | 25 | 104 |
节间长 Internode length (cm) | 29.04 | 0.75 | 90 | 45 |
竹壁厚 Wall thickness (mm) | 5.22 | 0.16 | 32.5 | 95 |
叶长 Leaf length (cm) | 14.35 | 0.95 | 45 | 48 |
叶宽 Leaf width (cm) | 2.19 | 0.2 | 20.5 | 94 |
表1 竹类植物6个功能性状的描述性统计
Table 1 Descriptive statistics on six functional traits of bamboo plants
平均Mean | 最小值Minimum | 最大值Maximum | CV (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
秆高 Culm height (m) | 6.36 | 0.3 | 40 | 75 |
直径 Diameter (cm) | 3.16 | 0.15 | 25 | 104 |
节间长 Internode length (cm) | 29.04 | 0.75 | 90 | 45 |
竹壁厚 Wall thickness (mm) | 5.22 | 0.16 | 32.5 | 95 |
叶长 Leaf length (cm) | 14.35 | 0.95 | 45 | 48 |
叶宽 Leaf width (cm) | 2.19 | 0.2 | 20.5 | 94 |
图1 不同地下茎类型竹类植物的形态学性状差异。不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 1 Variations in morphological traits of bamboo plants with different rhizome types. Boxes with different letters differ significantly at P < 0.05.
图2 不同特有性分布竹类植物的形态学性状差异。不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Variations in morphological traits of bamboo plants with different endemism. Boxes with different letters differ significantly at P < 0.05.
图3 不同出笋季节竹类植物的形态学性状差异。ns表示无显著性差异。
Fig. 3 Variations in morphological traits of bamboo plants with different shooting season. ns means no significant difference.
图4 竹类植物功能性状之间的相关性。横纵坐标代表对应性状的数值。* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns表示无显著性差异。
Fig. 4 Correlations among functional traits of bamboo plants. The horizontal and vertical coordinates represent the values of traits. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns means no significant difference.
地下茎类型 Rhizome type | 特有种 Endemic species | 出笋季节 Shooting season | 综合 Overall | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丛生 Sympodial | 混生 Mixed | 散生 Monopodial | 是 Yes | 否 No | 春 Spring | 夏 Summer | 秋 Autumn | 冬 Winter | ||
PCA1累计贡献率 PCA1 Cumulative variance | 60.75% | 46.59% | 40.19% | 52.01% | 55.25% | 42.26% | 45.58% | 49.37% | 73.69% | 52.56% |
排名前三的性状及因子载荷值 Top 3 traits and factor loadings | 直径 Diameter | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 直径 Diameter | 秆高 Culm height | 直径 Diameter | 直径 Diameter | 节间长 Internode length | 直径 Diameter |
-1.93 | 1.26 | -1.87 | -2.03 | 1.73 | -1.85 | -1.64 | -1.21 | -0.76 | -2.21 | |
叶长 Leaf length | 直径 Diameter | 直径 Diameter | 直径 Diameter | 叶长 Leaf length | 直径 Diameter | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | |
-1.87 | 1.24 | -1.79 | -2.02 | 1.65 | -1.78 | -1.62 | -1.18 | -0.74 | -2.11 | |
秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 节间长 Internode length | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | 秆高 Culm height | 节间长 Internode length | 叶长 Leaf length | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | 直径 Diameter | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | |
-1.77 | 1.22 | -1.45 | -1.87 | 1.53 | -1.21 | -1.48 | -1.16 | -0.73 | -1.95 |
表2 不同类型竹类植物功能性状的主成分分析(PCA)表
Table 2 Principal components analysis (PCA) table of functional traits of different types of bamboo plants
地下茎类型 Rhizome type | 特有种 Endemic species | 出笋季节 Shooting season | 综合 Overall | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丛生 Sympodial | 混生 Mixed | 散生 Monopodial | 是 Yes | 否 No | 春 Spring | 夏 Summer | 秋 Autumn | 冬 Winter | ||
PCA1累计贡献率 PCA1 Cumulative variance | 60.75% | 46.59% | 40.19% | 52.01% | 55.25% | 42.26% | 45.58% | 49.37% | 73.69% | 52.56% |
排名前三的性状及因子载荷值 Top 3 traits and factor loadings | 直径 Diameter | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 直径 Diameter | 秆高 Culm height | 直径 Diameter | 直径 Diameter | 节间长 Internode length | 直径 Diameter |
-1.93 | 1.26 | -1.87 | -2.03 | 1.73 | -1.85 | -1.64 | -1.21 | -0.76 | -2.21 | |
叶长 Leaf length | 直径 Diameter | 直径 Diameter | 直径 Diameter | 叶长 Leaf length | 直径 Diameter | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | |
-1.87 | 1.24 | -1.79 | -2.02 | 1.65 | -1.78 | -1.62 | -1.18 | -0.74 | -2.11 | |
秆高 Culm height | 秆高 Culm height | 节间长 Internode length | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | 秆高 Culm height | 节间长 Internode length | 叶长 Leaf length | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | 直径 Diameter | 竹壁厚 Wall thickness | |
-1.77 | 1.22 | -1.45 | -1.87 | 1.53 | -1.21 | -1.48 | -1.16 | -0.73 | -1.95 |
图5 中国竹类植物功能性状主成分分析。H: 秆高; D: 直径; IL: 节间长; WT: 竹壁厚; LL: 叶长; LW: 叶宽。
Fig. 5 PCA of functional traits of Chinese bamboo plants. H, Culm height; D, Diameter; IL, Internode length; WT, Wall thickness; LL, Leaf length; LW, Leaf width.
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