生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 601-610. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017339
收稿日期:
2017-12-28
接受日期:
2018-03-07
出版日期:
2018-06-20
发布日期:
2018-09-11
通讯作者:
卢衎尔
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Kaida Xu, Kaner Lu*(), Zhanhui Lu, Qian Dai
Received:
2017-12-28
Accepted:
2018-03-07
Online:
2018-06-20
Published:
2018-09-11
Contact:
Lu Kaner
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
根据韭山列岛自然保护区2015年11月, 2016年2月、5月、8月的调查资料, 运用相对重要性指数(index of relative importance, IRI)、生态位宽度以及生态位重叠指数等生态指标, 对调查海域的优势种虾类进行生态位特征分析, 以了解该海域内虾类组成及优势种间的关系。结果表明, 保护区共调查到虾类16种, 隶属8科12属, 均属暖温种或暖水种, 其中优势种(IRI > 500)有7种, 隶属于4科5属; 虾类相对资源量呈春秋季高, 夏冬季低的季节性分布特征。除脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)外, 优势种的时空生态位宽度值(时间生态位宽度与空间生态位宽度的乘积)均大于非优势种。日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)和细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis tenella)的时空二维生态位重叠值最大, 表明其对资源的利用具有相似性; 安氏白虾(Exopalaemon annandalei)和哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)的时空生态位重叠值最小, 说明二者相关性低。通过计算得知, 相对重要性指数(IRI)与生态位宽度对物种重要性排序结果有异: 时空生态位宽度值最大的为葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri), 而IRI值最高的为日本鼓虾。与相对重要性指数(IRI)相比, 生态位宽度指数不仅能反映物种对资源的利用能力, 还能反映物种分布是否均匀, 但这两者均不能反映生物量的多少。
徐开达, 卢衎尔, 卢占晖, 戴乾 (2018) 韭山列岛自然保护区虾类优势种生态位. 生物多样性, 26, 601-610. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017339.
Kaida Xu, Kaner Lu, Zhanhui Lu, Qian Dai (2018) Ecological niche analysis of dominant shrimp species in the Jiushan Islands Marine Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 26, 601-610. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017339.
图1 研究海域及采样站位示意图(采样站位设置在保护区核心范围附近)
Fig. 1 Illustration of the investigated area and sampling sites (sampling sites were set around the core area of the Jiushan Islands Marine Nature Reserve)
科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | 适温性 Optimum temperature | 出现月份 Occurrence | 相对重要性指数 Index of relative importance (IRI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对虾科 Penaeidae | 新对虾属 Metapenaeus | 周氏新对虾 Metapenaeus joyneri | WW | ○△▲ | 99.33 |
明对虾属 Fennerpenaeus | 长毛明对虾 Fenneropenaeus penicillatus | WW | ○△▲ | 7.75 | |
赤虾属 Metapenaeopsis | 戴氏赤虾 Metapenaeopsis dalei | WT | ○●△▲ | 4.62 | |
仿对虾属 Parapenaeopsis | 细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | WT | ○●△▲ | 1,002.58 | |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | WW | ○●△▲ | 2,204.78 | ||
长臂虾科 Palaemonidae | 白虾属 Exopalaemon | 安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | WT | ○●△▲ | 3,944.06 |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | WT | ○△▲ | 752.25 | ||
长臂虾属 Palaemon | 葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | WT | ○●△▲ | 3,008.04 | |
巨指长臂虾 Palaemon macrodactylus | WT | ●△▲ | 4.15 | ||
鼓虾科 Alpheidae | 鼓虾属 Alpheus | 日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | WT | △▲ | 5,370.43 |
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | WW | ○●△▲ | 374.41 | ||
藻虾科 Hippolytidae | 鞭腕虾属 Lysmata Risso | 鞭腕虾 Lysmata vittata | WW | ●▲ | 4.4 |
樱虾科 Sergestidae | 毛虾属 Acetes | 中国毛虾 Acetes chinensis | WW | ▲ | 123.28 |
异指虾科 Processidae | 异指虾属 Processa | 日本异指虾 Processa japonica | WW | △▲ | 0.89 |
管鞭虾科 Solenoceridae | 管鞭虾属 Solenocera | 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | WW | ●▲ | 2,183.67 |
玻璃虾科 Pasiphaeidae | 细螯虾属 Leptochela | 细螯虾 Leptochela gracilis | WW | ●▲ | 104.97 |
表1 2015-2016年韭山列岛自然保护区调查海域虾类组成
Table 1 Shrimp composition of Jiushan Islands Marine Nature Reserve in 2015-2016
科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | 适温性 Optimum temperature | 出现月份 Occurrence | 相对重要性指数 Index of relative importance (IRI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对虾科 Penaeidae | 新对虾属 Metapenaeus | 周氏新对虾 Metapenaeus joyneri | WW | ○△▲ | 99.33 |
明对虾属 Fennerpenaeus | 长毛明对虾 Fenneropenaeus penicillatus | WW | ○△▲ | 7.75 | |
赤虾属 Metapenaeopsis | 戴氏赤虾 Metapenaeopsis dalei | WT | ○●△▲ | 4.62 | |
仿对虾属 Parapenaeopsis | 细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | WT | ○●△▲ | 1,002.58 | |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | WW | ○●△▲ | 2,204.78 | ||
长臂虾科 Palaemonidae | 白虾属 Exopalaemon | 安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | WT | ○●△▲ | 3,944.06 |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | WT | ○△▲ | 752.25 | ||
长臂虾属 Palaemon | 葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | WT | ○●△▲ | 3,008.04 | |
巨指长臂虾 Palaemon macrodactylus | WT | ●△▲ | 4.15 | ||
鼓虾科 Alpheidae | 鼓虾属 Alpheus | 日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | WT | △▲ | 5,370.43 |
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | WW | ○●△▲ | 374.41 | ||
藻虾科 Hippolytidae | 鞭腕虾属 Lysmata Risso | 鞭腕虾 Lysmata vittata | WW | ●▲ | 4.4 |
樱虾科 Sergestidae | 毛虾属 Acetes | 中国毛虾 Acetes chinensis | WW | ▲ | 123.28 |
异指虾科 Processidae | 异指虾属 Processa | 日本异指虾 Processa japonica | WW | △▲ | 0.89 |
管鞭虾科 Solenoceridae | 管鞭虾属 Solenocera | 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | WW | ●▲ | 2,183.67 |
玻璃虾科 Pasiphaeidae | 细螯虾属 Leptochela | 细螯虾 Leptochela gracilis | WW | ●▲ | 104.97 |
物种 Species | 空间生态位宽度 Spatial niche breadth (Bi-space) | 时间生态位宽度 Temporal niche breadth (Bi-time) | 时空二维生态位宽度 Spatio-temporal niche breadth (Bi) |
---|---|---|---|
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 4.49 | 0.67 | 3.03 |
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 4.54 | 1.04 | 4.71 |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 2.42 | 0.60 | 1.46 |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 1.40 | 0.31 | 0.43 |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 5.18 | 0.73 | 3.76 |
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 2.51 | 0.64 | 1.61 |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 3.14 | 0.75 | 2.35 |
表2 优势种的时间、空间以及时空二维生态位宽度对比
Table 2 Comparisons of dominant shrimps among spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal niche breadths
物种 Species | 空间生态位宽度 Spatial niche breadth (Bi-space) | 时间生态位宽度 Temporal niche breadth (Bi-time) | 时空二维生态位宽度 Spatio-temporal niche breadth (Bi) |
---|---|---|---|
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 4.49 | 0.67 | 3.03 |
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 4.54 | 1.04 | 4.71 |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 2.42 | 0.60 | 1.46 |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 1.40 | 0.31 | 0.43 |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 5.18 | 0.73 | 3.76 |
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 2.51 | 0.64 | 1.61 |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 3.14 | 0.75 | 2.35 |
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.14 | |
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.24 | 0.52 | 0.82 | |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.39 | 0.99 | |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 0.54 | 0.85 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.21 | |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 0.61 | 0.90 | 0.58 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.08 | |
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.77 | 0.37 | |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 0.58 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.56 |
表3 韭山列岛自然保护区优势种间空间生态位(对角线以下)和时间生态位(对角线以上)重叠值
Table 3 Spatial niche overlaps (under the diagonal) and temporal niche overlaps (above the diagonal) between dominant shrimp species in the Jiushan Islands Marine Nature Reserve
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.14 | |
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.24 | 0.52 | 0.82 | |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.39 | 0.99 | |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 0.54 | 0.85 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.21 | |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 0.61 | 0.90 | 0.58 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.08 | |
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.77 | 0.37 | |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 0.58 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.56 |
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 0.43 | |||||
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 0.02 | 0.60 | ||||
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 0.38 | 0.58 | 0.07 | |||
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.33 | ||
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.73 | |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 0.08 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
表4 优势种间时空二维生态位重叠值
Table 4 Spatio-temporal niche overlap between dominant shrimp species
安氏白虾 Exopalaemon annandalei | 葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 0.43 | |||||
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 0.02 | 0.60 | ||||
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | 0.38 | 0.58 | 0.07 | |||
日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.33 | ||
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.73 | |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 0.08 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
图4 优势种虾类的时间、空间生态位宽度, 时空生态位宽度以及相对重要性指数的比较
Fig. 4 Comparison of temporal niche breadth, spatial niche breadth, spatio-temporal niche breadth and IRI of dominant shrimp species
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