青藏高原特有种子植物区系特征及多样性分布格局

doi:10.17520/biods.2017078

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 130-137. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017078

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

青藏高原特有种子植物区系特征及多样性分布格局

于海彬^1,², 张镱锂^1,^3,^*(), 刘林山¹, 陈朝⁴, 祁威¹

1 .中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101
2 .中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275
3 .中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4 .广东省生态环境技术研究所, 广州 510650

收稿日期:2017-03-14 接受日期:2017-07-01 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 张镱锂
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41271068, 41371120)、中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室开放基金(GJ-2017-03)和中国博士后科学基金(2016M592568)

Floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of seed plants endemic to the Tibetan Plateau

Haibin Yu^1,², Yili Zhang^1,^3,^*(), Linshan Liu¹, Zhao Chen⁴, Wei Qi¹

1 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4 Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650;

Received:2017-03-14 Accepted:2017-07-01 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Zhang Yili
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原拥有丰富的种子植物, 但对该地区特有植物的区系特征以及多样性还鲜有报道。本文通过植物志(书)以及在线数据库, 整理了只分布于青藏高原地区的种子植物名录及其地理分布, 分析了它们的科属特征、区系成分以及多样性空间分布格局。结果表明: 青藏高原共有特有种子植物3,764种, 隶属113科519属, 多数为草本植物(76.3%); 包含100种以上的科有菊科、毛茛科、列当科等15个, 属有马先蒿属(Pedicularis)、杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)、紫堇属(Corydalis)等7个; 从属的区系成分来看, 温带成分占主导(67.5%)。青藏高原特有植物多样性格局呈现从高原东南部向西北部逐渐递减的趋势, 其中东喜马拉雅-横断山脉的物种多样性非常丰富, 而且多数物种分布在高原的中海拔地带。理解青藏高原特有物种的特征及多样性格局对探讨高原植物区系的演化历史和物种保护有重要启示。

关键词: 多样性格局, 植物区系, 特有现象, 高山植物, 青藏高原

Abstract

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) harbors numerous seed plants, however, the floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of plants endemic to this region have been rarely studied. Based on several monographs and online databases, we compiled a list of seed plants that exclusively occur on the TP as well as their distribution at the county level. We further explored their characteristics, floristic composition and spatial distribution patterns. We identified 3,764 endemic seed plants belonging to 519 genera and 113 families, 76.3% of which are herbaceous plants. Among them, 15 families (e.g. Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, Orobanchaceae) and 7 genera (e.g. Pedicularis, Rhododendron, Corydalis) contain over 100 endemic species. Floristic composition analysis indicates that 67.5% of these endemic plants are temperate species. Species diversity declined gradually from the southeast to the northwest with hotspots located within the East Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains. Vertically, most species occurred at intermediate elevations. Understanding floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of Tibetan endemic flora shed light on future studies on the evolutional history and conservation practices in this area.

Key words: diversity patterns, flora, endemism, alpine plant, Tibetan Plateau

于海彬, 张镱锂, 刘林山, 陈朝, 祁威 (2018) 青藏高原特有种子植物区系特征及多样性分布格局. 生物多样性, 26, 130-137. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017078.

Haibin Yu, Yili Zhang, Linshan Liu, Zhao Chen, Wei Qi (2018) Floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of seed plants endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 26, 130-137. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017078.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017078

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I2/130

图/表 4

图1 青藏高原含50个特有种以上科(a)和含30个特有种以上属(b)及其所占的比例。科属前面的数字代表它们包含的物种数。

Fig. 1 Percentages of families containing over 50 endemic species (a) and genera containing over 30 endemic species (b) on the Tibetan Plateau. The numbers before family or genus represent number of species they contain.

表1 青藏高原特有种子植物属的分布区类型

Table 1 Areal types for the genera of seed plants endemic to the Tibetan Plateau

	分布类型 Areal type	属数 Number of genera	百分比 %
1	世界分布 Cosmopolitan	40	7.7
2	泛热带 Pantropic	45	8.7
3	东亚及热带美洲间断 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjunction	9	1.7
4	旧世界热带 Old World Tropic	16	3.1
5	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia	15	2.9
6	热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	13	2.5
7	热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	31	5.9
	热带成分小计(2-7) Subtotal in tropical elements (types 2-7)	129	24.8
8	北温带 North Temperate	131	25.2
9	东亚及北美间断 East Asia and North America disjunction	20	3.9
10	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	50	9.7
11	温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	11	2.1
12	地中海、西亚至中亚 Mediterranean, West Asia to Central Asia	10	1.9
13	中亚 Central Asia	19	3.6
14	东亚 East Asia	65	12.6
15	中国特有 Endemic to China	44	8.5
	温带成分小计(8-15) Subtotal in temperate elements (types 8-15)	350	67.5
	总计 Total	519	100.0

图2 基于县域尺度(a)和植物区系区尺度(b)的青藏高原特有种子植物多样性分布格局。图中编号对应附录1中的县级行政区名称和植物区系区名称。

Fig. 2 Diversity patterns of endemic seed plants on the Tibetan Plateau at the county level (a) and floristic level (b). The codes correspond to the name of county and floristic region on the Tibetan Plateau in Appendix 1.

图3 垂直方向上不同生长型特有物种的丰富度格局。(a)所有物种; (b)草本; (c)灌木; (d)乔木。

Fig. 3 Species richness of different growth forms of endemic seed plants along elevational gradients. (a), All species; (b), Herb; (c), Shrub; (d), Tree.

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青藏高原特有种子植物区系特征及多样性分布格局

Floristic characteristics and diversity patterns of seed plants endemic to the Tibetan Plateau

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