中国石松类和蕨类植物的多样性与地理分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2015256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种编目及其科属系统排列是了解生物多样性的基础, 本文采用Flora of China使用的分类系统, 结合最新分子分类学研究成果以及近几年发表的新资料, 对中国石松类和蕨类植物多样性和地理分布数据进行了统计和分析。结果表明中国共有石松类和蕨类植物40科178属2,147种5个亚种118个变种, 其中特有种839个, 占总种数的39.08%。种数最多的5个科依次为鳞毛蕨科(505种, 含种下单位, 下同)、蹄盖蕨科(323种)、水龙骨科(280种)、凤尾蕨科(266种)和金星蕨科(209种); 种数最多的5个属依次为耳蕨属(Polystichum, 209种)、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris, 176种)、蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium, 137种)、双盖蕨属(Diplazium, 98种)和凤尾蕨属(Pteris, 97种)。在地理分布上, 种数排名前5的省份为云南(1,365种)、四川(875种)、贵州(838种)、广西(785种)和台湾(779种)。含中国特有石松类和蕨类植物的科属中, 排前3位的科分别为鳞毛蕨科(257种)、蹄盖蕨科(169种)和凤尾蕨科(113种); 排前3位的属为耳蕨属(140种)、蹄盖蕨属(82种)和鳞毛蕨属(61种)。

关键词: 植物分类学, 保护生物地理学, 生物多样性, 保护生物学, 蕨类植物

Abstract

The species catalogue and phylogenetic arrangement are the basis of species diversity studies. We collated the latest lycophytes and ferns in China found in recent years using the system from Flora of China. There are 2,147 species, 5 subspecies, 118 varieties, 178 genera and 40 families of lycophytes and ferns in China, including 839 endemic species, which accounts for 39.08% of total species. The top five families are Dryopteridaceae (505 species, including subspecies and varieties), Athyriaceae (323 species), Polypodiaceae (280 species), Pteridaceae (266 species) and Thelypteridaceae (209 species). The top five genera are Polystichum (209 species), Dryopteris (176 species), Athyrium (137 species), Diplazium (98 species) and Pteris (97 species). The following five provinces are rich in lycophytes and ferns: Yunnan (1,365 species), Sichuan (875 species), Guizhou (838 species), Guangxi (785 species) and Taiwan (779 species). Endemic species are rich in families including Dryopteridaceae (257 species), Athyriaceae (169 species), and Pteridaceae (113 species) and genera of Polystichum (140 species), Athyrium (82 species), and Dryopteris (61 species).

Key words: plant taxonomy, conservation biogeography, biodiversity, conservation biology, pteridophytes

周喜乐, 张宪春, 孙久琼, 严岳鸿 (2016) 中国石松类和蕨类植物的多样性与地理分布. 生物多样性, 24, 102-107. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015256.

Xile Zhou, Xianchun Zhang, Jiuqiong Sun, Yuehong Yan (2016) Diversity and distribution of lycophytes and ferns in China. Biodiversity Science, 24, 102-107. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015256.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015256

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I1/102

图/表 1

参考文献 23

1	Chapman AD (2009) Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, 2nd edn. A Report for the Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Biodiversity Information Services, Toowoomba, Australia.
2	Ching RC (1978a) The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 16(3), 1-19. (in Chinese)
	[秦仁昌 (1978) 中国蕨类植物科属的系统排列和历史来源. 植物分类学报, 16(3), 1-19.]
3	Ching RC (1978b) The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin (cont.). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 16(4), 16-37. (in Chinese)
	[秦仁昌 (1978) 中国蕨类植物科属的系统排列和历史来源(续). 植物分类学报, 16(4), 16-37.]
4	Ching RC, Wu SK (1980) The floristic characteristics of the Xizang (Tibet) pteridophyte flora in relation to the upheaval of the Himalayas. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2, 382-389. (in Chinese)
	[秦仁昌, 武素功 (1980) 西藏蕨类植物区系的特点及其与喜马拉雅隆升的关系. 云南植物研究, 2, 382-389.]
5	Christenhusz M, Zhang XC, Schneider H (2011) A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa, 19, 7-54.
6	Christenhusz M, Schneider H (2011) Corrections to phytotaxa 19: linear sequence of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa, 28, 50-52.
7	Delecti Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Agendae Academiae Sinicae(1959-2000) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Tomus 2-6. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[《中国植物志》编辑委员会(1959-2000) 中国植物志, 2-6卷. 科学出版社, 北京.]
8	Kong XX (1984) The phytogeographical features of pteridophytes of Sichuan, China with some remarks on the “polysticho-dryopteris flora”. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 6, 27-38. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[孔宪需 (1984) 四川蕨类植物地理特点兼论“耳蕨—鳞毛蕨类植物区系’’. 云南植物研究, 6, 27-38.]
9	Liu HM, Jiang RH, Guo J, Hovenkamp P, Perrie LR, Shepherd L, Hennequin S, Schneider H (2013) Towards a phylogenetic classification of the climbing fern genus Arthropteris. Taxon, 62, 688-700.
10	Pryer KM, Schneider H, Smith AR, Cranfill R, Wolf PG, Hunt JS, Sipes SD (2001) Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants. Nature, 409, 618-622.
11	Shrestha N, Xing FW, Qi XP, Yan YH, Zhang XC (2014) Huperziana nlingensis (Lycopodiaceae), a new terrestrial firmoss from southern China. Phytotaxa, 173, 73-79.
12	Shrestha N, Zhang XC (2015a) On the presence of north American clubmoss Huperzia lucidula (Lycopodiaceae) in China: an intercontinental disjunction or misidentification. Phytotaxa, 219, 243-252.
13	Shrestha N, Zhang XC (2015b) Recircumscription of Huperzia serrata complex in China using morphological and climatic data. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 53, 88-103.
14	Smith AR, Pryer KM, Schuettpelz E, Korall P, Schneider H, Wolf PG (2006) A classification for extant ferns. Taxon, 55, 705-731.
15	Tan YH, Wei R, Li JW, Zhang XC (2015) Didymochlaena Desv. (Hypodematiaceae): a newly recorded fern genus to China. Plant Diversity and Resources, 37, 135-138. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[谭运洪, 卫然, 李剑武, 张宪春 (2015) 中国肿足蕨科一新记录属——翼囊蕨属. 植物分类与资源学报, 37, 135-138.]
16	Wang W, Yang WL, Mao XX, Zhao RR, Dou P, Zhang GM (2015) The phylogenetic affinities of Pellaea connectens, a rare endemic Chinese fern. Phytotaxa, 220, 30-42.
17	Wei R, Zhang XC (2014) Rediscovery of Cystoathyrium chinense Ching (Cystopteridaceae): phylogenetic placement of the critically endangered fern species endemic to China. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 52, 450-457.
18	Wu SH, Ching RC (1991) Fern Families and Genera of China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[吴兆洪, 秦仁昌 (1991) 中国蕨类植物科属志. 科学出版社, 北京.]
19	Wu ZY, Raven P, Hong DY (2013) Flora of China.. Vol. 2-3
	(Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
20	Yan YH, Zhang XC, Ma KP (2013) Pteridophytes in China: Diversity and Distribution. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[严岳鸿, 张宪春, 马克平 (2013) 中国蕨类植物多样性与地理分布. 科学出版社, 北京.]
21	Zhang LB, Zhang L (2015) Didymochlaenaceae: a new fern family of Eupolypods I (Polypodiales). Taxon, 64, 27-38.
22	Zhang XC (2012) Lycophytes and Ferns of China. Peking University Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[张宪春 (2012) 中国石松类和蕨类植物. 北京大学出版社, 北京.]
23	Zhang XC, Wei R, Liu HM, He LJ, Wang L, Zhang GM (2013) Phylogeny and classification of the extant lycophytes and ferns from China. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 48, 119-137. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张宪春, 卫然, 刘红梅, 何丽娟, 王丽, 张钢民 (2013) 中国现代石松类和蕨类的系统发育与分类系统. 植物学报, 48, 119-137.]

省(市、自治区) Province	种 Species	属 Genus	科 Family	中国特有种Number of Chinese endemic species (CES)	占本地区种数比例 Ratio of CES in each province	仅产本地区 Number of local endemic species (LES)	占本地区中国特有种比例 Ratio of LES/CES	国内仅产本地区且国外有分布 Number of species distrbute only in this province and abroad
云南 Yunnan	1,365 (60.13%)	148 (83.15%)	40 (100.00%)	414	30.33	181	43.72	77
四川 Sichuan	875 (38.55%)	116 (65.17%)	36 (90.00%)	284	32.46	54	19.01	1
贵州 Guizhou	838 (36.92%)	119 (66.85%)	36 (90.00%)	227	27.09	31	13.66	1
广西 Guangxi	785 (34.58%)	125 (70.22%)	36 (90.00%)	157	20.00	23	14.65	5
台湾 Taiwan	779 (34.32%)	145 (81.46%)	39 (97.50%)	107	13.74	59	55.14	89
湖南 Hunan	663 (29.20%)	110 (61.80%)	35 (87.50%)	180	27.15	6	3.33	0
西藏 Tibet	579 (25.51%)	104 (58.43%)	33 (82.50%)	121	20.90	49	40.50	14
广东 Guangdong	566 (24.93%)	117 (65.73%)	32 (80.00%)	95	16.78	9	9.47	2
重庆 Chongqing	535 (23.57%)	93 (52.25%)	33 (82.50%)	154	28.79	9	5.84	0
海南 Hainan	451 (19.87%)	113 (63.48%)	33 (82.50%)	62	13.75	33	53.23	19
江西 Jiangxi	442 (19.47%)	96 (53.93%)	33 (82.50%)	85	19.23	2	2.35	0
浙江 Zhejiang	431 (18.99%)	98 (55.06%)	35 (87.50%)	88	20.42	7	7.95	3
福建 Fujian	409 (18.02%)	100 (56.18%)	31 (77.50%)	67	16.38	4	5.97	1
湖北 Hubei	372 (16.39%)	80 (44.94%)	29 (72.50%)	102	27.42	5	4.90	0
甘肃 Gansu	254 (11.19%)	64 (35.96%)	25 (62.50%)	65	25.59	3	4.62	0
安徽 Anhui	237 (10.44%)	69 (38.76%)	26 (65.00%)	39	16.46	0	0.00	1
陕西 Shaanxi	231 (10.18%)	56 (31.46%)	22 (55.00%)	62	26.84	0	0.00	0
河南 Henan	218 (9.60%)	62 (34.83%)	25 (62.50%)	46	21.10	1	2.17	0
香港 Hongkong	212 (9.34%)	77 (43.26%)	29 (72.50%)	16	7.55	0	0.00	0
江苏 Jiangsu	151 (6.65%)	59 (33.15%)	26 (65.00%)	18	11.92	0	0.00	0
河北 Hebei	112 (4.93%)	39 (21.91%)	18 (45.00%)	26	23.21	0	0.00	0
辽宁 Liaoning	110 (4.85%)	41 (23.03%)	19 (47.50%)	10	9.09	0	0.00	2
吉林 Jilin	107 (4.71%)	38 (21.35%)	17 (42.50%)	6	5.61	2	33.33	1
山西 Shanxi	99 (4.36%)	35 (19.66%)	17 (42.50%)	24	24.24	0	0.00	0
山东 Shandong	97 (4.27%)	38 (21.35%)	19 (47.50%)	19	19.59	2	10.53	0
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	89 (3.92%)	34 (19.10%)	17 (42.50%)	4	4.49	1	25.00	3
澳门 Macao	76 (3.35%)	46 (25.84%)	24 (60.00%)	2	2.63	0	0.00	0
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	72 (3.17%)	25 (14.04%)	15 (37.50%)	11	15.28	0	0.00	0
北京 Beijing	71 (3.13%)	27 (15.17%)	17 (42.50%)	15	21.13	0	0.00	0
新疆 Xinjiang	57 (2.51%)	22 (12.36%)	14 (35.00%)	3	5.26	0	0.00	6
青海 Qinghai	52 (2.29%)	20 (11.24%)	13 (32.50%)	11	21.15	0	0.00	0
上海 Shanghai	51 (2.25%)	31 (17.42%)	17 (42.50%)	2	3.92	0	0.00	0
宁夏 Ningxia	40 (1.76%)	19 (10.67%)	12 (30.00%)	7	17.50	0	0.00	0
天津 Tianjin	29 (1.28%)	15 (8.43%)	12 (30.00%)	5	17.24	0	0.00	0

省(市、自治区) Province	种 Species	属 Genus	科 Family	中国特有种Number of Chinese endemic species (CES)	占本地区种数比例 Ratio of CES in each province	仅产本地区 Number of local endemic species (LES)	占本地区中国特有种比例 Ratio of LES/CES	国内仅产本地区且国外有分布 Number of species distrbute only in this province and abroad
云南 Yunnan	1,365 (60.13%)	148 (83.15%)	40 (100.00%)	414	30.33	181	43.72	77
四川 Sichuan	875 (38.55%)	116 (65.17%)	36 (90.00%)	284	32.46	54	19.01	1
贵州 Guizhou	838 (36.92%)	119 (66.85%)	36 (90.00%)	227	27.09	31	13.66	1
广西 Guangxi	785 (34.58%)	125 (70.22%)	36 (90.00%)	157	20.00	23	14.65	5
台湾 Taiwan	779 (34.32%)	145 (81.46%)	39 (97.50%)	107	13.74	59	55.14	89
湖南 Hunan	663 (29.20%)	110 (61.80%)	35 (87.50%)	180	27.15	6	3.33	0
西藏 Tibet	579 (25.51%)	104 (58.43%)	33 (82.50%)	121	20.90	49	40.50	14
广东 Guangdong	566 (24.93%)	117 (65.73%)	32 (80.00%)	95	16.78	9	9.47	2
重庆 Chongqing	535 (23.57%)	93 (52.25%)	33 (82.50%)	154	28.79	9	5.84	0
海南 Hainan	451 (19.87%)	113 (63.48%)	33 (82.50%)	62	13.75	33	53.23	19
江西 Jiangxi	442 (19.47%)	96 (53.93%)	33 (82.50%)	85	19.23	2	2.35	0
浙江 Zhejiang	431 (18.99%)	98 (55.06%)	35 (87.50%)	88	20.42	7	7.95	3
福建 Fujian	409 (18.02%)	100 (56.18%)	31 (77.50%)	67	16.38	4	5.97	1
湖北 Hubei	372 (16.39%)	80 (44.94%)	29 (72.50%)	102	27.42	5	4.90	0
甘肃 Gansu	254 (11.19%)	64 (35.96%)	25 (62.50%)	65	25.59	3	4.62	0
安徽 Anhui	237 (10.44%)	69 (38.76%)	26 (65.00%)	39	16.46	0	0.00	1
陕西 Shaanxi	231 (10.18%)	56 (31.46%)	22 (55.00%)	62	26.84	0	0.00	0
河南 Henan	218 (9.60%)	62 (34.83%)	25 (62.50%)	46	21.10	1	2.17	0
香港 Hongkong	212 (9.34%)	77 (43.26%)	29 (72.50%)	16	7.55	0	0.00	0
江苏 Jiangsu	151 (6.65%)	59 (33.15%)	26 (65.00%)	18	11.92	0	0.00	0
河北 Hebei	112 (4.93%)	39 (21.91%)	18 (45.00%)	26	23.21	0	0.00	0
辽宁 Liaoning	110 (4.85%)	41 (23.03%)	19 (47.50%)	10	9.09	0	0.00	2
吉林 Jilin	107 (4.71%)	38 (21.35%)	17 (42.50%)	6	5.61	2	33.33	1
山西 Shanxi	99 (4.36%)	35 (19.66%)	17 (42.50%)	24	24.24	0	0.00	0
山东 Shandong	97 (4.27%)	38 (21.35%)	19 (47.50%)	19	19.59	2	10.53	0
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	89 (3.92%)	34 (19.10%)	17 (42.50%)	4	4.49	1	25.00	3
澳门 Macao	76 (3.35%)	46 (25.84%)	24 (60.00%)	2	2.63	0	0.00	0
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	72 (3.17%)	25 (14.04%)	15 (37.50%)	11	15.28	0	0.00	0
北京 Beijing	71 (3.13%)	27 (15.17%)	17 (42.50%)	15	21.13	0	0.00	0
新疆 Xinjiang	57 (2.51%)	22 (12.36%)	14 (35.00%)	3	5.26	0	0.00	6
青海 Qinghai	52 (2.29%)	20 (11.24%)	13 (32.50%)	11	21.15	0	0.00	0
上海 Shanghai	51 (2.25%)	31 (17.42%)	17 (42.50%)	2	3.92	0	0.00	0
宁夏 Ningxia	40 (1.76%)	19 (10.67%)	12 (30.00%)	7	17.50	0	0.00	0
天津 Tianjin	29 (1.28%)	15 (8.43%)	12 (30.00%)	5	17.24	0	0.00	0

[1]	干靓刘巷序鲁雪茗岳星. 全球生物多样性热点地区大城市的保护政策与优化方向[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24529-.
[2]	曾子轩杨锐黄越陈路遥. 清华大学校园鸟类多样性特征与环境关联[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24373-.
[3]	臧明月, 刘立, 马月, 徐徐, 胡飞龙, 卢晓强, 李佳琦, 于赐刚, 刘燕. 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的中国城市生物多样性保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24482-.
[4]	祝晓雨, 王晨灏, 王忠君, 张玉钧. 城市绿地生物多样性研究进展与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 25027-.
[5]	袁琳, 王思琦, 侯静轩. 大都市地区的自然留野：趋势与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24481-.
[6]	胡敏, 李彬彬, Coraline Goron. 只绿是不够的: 一个生物多样性友好的城市公园管理框架[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24483-.
[7]	王欣, 鲍风宇. 基于鸟类多样性提升的南滇池国家湿地公园生态修复效果分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24531-.
[8]	明玥, 郝培尧, 谭铃千, 郑曦. 基于城市绿色高质量发展理念的中国城市生物多样性保护与提升研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24524-.
[9]	谢淦, 宣晶, 付其迪, 魏泽, 薛凯, 雒海瑞, 高吉喜, 李敏. 草地植物多样性无人机调查的物种智能识别模型构建[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24236-.
[10]	褚晓琳, 张全国. 演化速率假说的实验验证研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 25019-.
[11]	宋威, 程才, 王嘉伟, 吴纪华. 土壤微生物对植物多样性–生态系统功能关系的调控作用[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24579-.
[12]	卢晓强, 董姗姗, 马月, 徐徐, 邱凤, 臧明月, 万雅琼, 李孪鑫, 于赐刚, 刘燕. 前沿技术在生物多样性研究中的应用现状、挑战与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24440-.
[13]	农荞伊, 曹军, 程文达, 彭艳琼. 不同方法对蜜蜂总科昆虫资源与多样性监测效果的比较[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 25057-.
[14]	郭雨桐, 李素萃, 王智, 解焱, 杨雪, 周广金, 尤春赫, 朱萨宁, 高吉喜. 全国自然保护地对国家重点保护野生物种的覆盖度及其分布状况[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(3): 24423-.
[15]	赵维洋, 王伟, 马冰然. 其他有效的区域保护措施(OECMs)研究进展与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(3): 24525-.