生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 499-506.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014270
肖琼1, 杨志2, 唐会元2, 段鹏翔1, 王晓清1, 肖调义1, 刘小燕1,,A;*()
收稿日期:
2014-12-28
接受日期:
2015-06-23
出版日期:
2015-07-20
发布日期:
2015-08-03
通讯作者:
刘小燕
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Qiong Xiao1, Zhi Yang2, Huiyuan Tang2, Pengxiang Duan1, Xiaoqing Wang1, Tiaoyi Xiao1, Xiaoyan Liu1,*()
Received:
2014-12-28
Accepted:
2015-06-23
Online:
2015-07-20
Published:
2015-08-03
Contact:
Liu Xiaoyan
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
为摸清乌江下游干流现有的鱼类种类组成和物种多样性状况, 探索水电开发对鱼类群落多样性的影响, 本研究于银盘电站蓄水前的2006-2008年和蓄水后的2011-2013年, 采用渔获物调查方法对乌江下游沿河至白马干流江段鱼类进行了调查。两次调查共采集鱼类105种, 其中2006-2008年采集到100种, 2011-2013年采集到62种; 两次调查相比, 广适性鱼类减少10.38%, 湖沼定居型鱼类减少0.98%, 喜流水性鱼类减少9.62%。两个时期的鱼类群落多样性分析显示: 各个调查江段Margalef丰富度指数(R)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)在2011-2013年均低于2006-2008年。渔获物分析结果表明: 大鳍鳠(Mystus macropterus)、中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)、瓣结鱼(Tor (Folifer) brevifilis)等鱼类在渔获物中的重量比例从2006-2008年间的大于5%, 下降到2011-2013年间的不足2%, 而(Hemiculter leucisculus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)等在2011-2013年渔获物中的重量比例有所上升, 成为调查区域的主要渔获对象。丰度生物量比较表明: 2006-2008年鱼类群落结构受到中等程度的干扰, 而2011-2013年受到严重程度的干扰。为保护乌江下游的鱼类生物多样性, 需采取现有栖息地修复、控制过度捕捞等多种资源保护方式。
肖琼, 杨志, 唐会元, 段鹏翔, 王晓清, 肖调义, 刘小燕 (2015) 乌江下游干流鱼类物种多样性及其资源保护. 生物多样性, 23, 499-506. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014270.
Qiong Xiao,Zhi Yang,Huiyuan Tang,Pengxiang Duan,Xiaoqing Wang,Tiaoyi Xiao,Xiaoyan Liu (2015) Species diversity of fish and its conservation in the mainstream of the lower reaches of Wu River. Biodiversity Science, 23, 499-506. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014270.
图2 2006-2008年和2011-2013年乌江下游干流各个调查江段的鱼类群落多样性指数
Fig. 2 Indices of fish biodiversity among all investigated sections in the mainstream of the lower reaches of the Wu River during 2006 and 2008 and during 2011 and 2013
2006-2008 | 2011-2013 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
种类 Species | 重量百分比 Percentage of Weight (%) | 尾均重 Average body Weight (g) | 种类 Species | 重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%) | 尾均重 Average body weight (g) |
大鳍鳠 Mystus macropterus | 9.39 | 35.5 | | 15.8 | 20 |
鲤 Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio | 7.93 | 228.3 | 草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idellus | 11.6 | 520.8 |
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli | 7.84 | 38.7 | 瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli | 10.39 | 40 |
粗唇鮠 Leiocassis crassilabris | 7.60 | 24.3 | 泉水鱼 Semilabeo prochilus | 6.5 | 101.2 |
中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis | 7.44 | 84.4 | 黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco | 5.08 | 5.1 |
泉水鱼 Semilabeo prochilus | 7.29 | 70.2 | 鳜 Siniperca chuatsi | 4.72 | 121.1 |
墨头鱼 Garra pingi pingi | 6.91 | 214.6 | 鲤 Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio | 4.21 | 104.5 |
瓣结鱼 Tor (Folifer) brevifilis brevifilis | 5.44 | 63.5 | 吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | 3.41 | 61.7 |
南方鲇 Silurus meridionalis | 5.21 | 424.8 | 鲫 Carassius auratus | 3.14 | 50.9 |
白甲鱼 Onychostoma sima | 3.86 | 114.9 | 粗唇鮠 Leiocassis crassilabris | 2.73 | 30.2 |
铜鱼 Coreius heterodon | 3.14 | 253.0 | 似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni | 2.61 | 28.7 |
吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | 2.91 | 70.3 | 鲇 Silurus asotus | 2.59 | 144 |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 2.36 | 49.2 | 宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 2.44 | 23.3 |
鲇 Silurus asotus | 2.30 | 130.3 | 光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus | 2.2 | 22.5 |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 2.23 | 16.4 | |||
总计 Total | 81.86 | 总计 Total | 77.42 |
表1 2006-2008年和2011-2013年乌江下游干流主要渔获物组成
Table 1 Structures of fishery catches in the mainstream of the lower reaches of Wu River during 2006 and 2008 and during 2011 and 2013
2006-2008 | 2011-2013 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
种类 Species | 重量百分比 Percentage of Weight (%) | 尾均重 Average body Weight (g) | 种类 Species | 重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%) | 尾均重 Average body weight (g) |
大鳍鳠 Mystus macropterus | 9.39 | 35.5 | | 15.8 | 20 |
鲤 Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio | 7.93 | 228.3 | 草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idellus | 11.6 | 520.8 |
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli | 7.84 | 38.7 | 瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli | 10.39 | 40 |
粗唇鮠 Leiocassis crassilabris | 7.60 | 24.3 | 泉水鱼 Semilabeo prochilus | 6.5 | 101.2 |
中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis | 7.44 | 84.4 | 黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco | 5.08 | 5.1 |
泉水鱼 Semilabeo prochilus | 7.29 | 70.2 | 鳜 Siniperca chuatsi | 4.72 | 121.1 |
墨头鱼 Garra pingi pingi | 6.91 | 214.6 | 鲤 Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio | 4.21 | 104.5 |
瓣结鱼 Tor (Folifer) brevifilis brevifilis | 5.44 | 63.5 | 吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | 3.41 | 61.7 |
南方鲇 Silurus meridionalis | 5.21 | 424.8 | 鲫 Carassius auratus | 3.14 | 50.9 |
白甲鱼 Onychostoma sima | 3.86 | 114.9 | 粗唇鮠 Leiocassis crassilabris | 2.73 | 30.2 |
铜鱼 Coreius heterodon | 3.14 | 253.0 | 似鳊 Pseudobrama simoni | 2.61 | 28.7 |
吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus | 2.91 | 70.3 | 鲇 Silurus asotus | 2.59 | 144 |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 2.36 | 49.2 | 宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 2.44 | 23.3 |
鲇 Silurus asotus | 2.30 | 130.3 | 光泽黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus nitidus | 2.2 | 22.5 |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 2.23 | 16.4 | |||
总计 Total | 81.86 | 总计 Total | 77.42 |
图3 2006-2008年和2011-2013年乌江下游干流鱼类ABC曲线
Fig. 3 ABC curve of fishes in the mainstream of the low reaches of Wu River during 2006 and 2008 and during 2011 and 2013
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