生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 11-17.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014165

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南甘什岭保护区珍稀濒危植物的分布与评估

张荣京1, 赵哲1, 苏文拔2, 邢福武3,*()   

  1. 1 华南农业大学生命科学学院, 广州 510642
    2 海南省野生动植物保护管理局, 海口 570203
    3 中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-12 接受日期:2015-01-22 出版日期:2015-01-20 发布日期:2015-05-04
  • 通讯作者: 邢福武
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xinfw@scib.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41001028);国家自然科学基金(41471046);国家科技基础性工作专项“海南非粮能源植物的调查、采集与保存”(2008FY110400-1-7)

Distribution and assessment of rare and endangered plants in Ganshiling Nature Reserve, Hainan

Rongjing Zhang1, Zhe Zhao1, Wenba Su2, Fuwu Xing3,*()   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
    2 Hainan Bureau of Protection and Preservation of Wild Plants and Animals, Haikou 570203
    3 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
  • Received:2014-08-12 Accepted:2015-01-22 Online:2015-01-20 Published:2015-05-04
  • Contact: Fuwu Xing

摘要:

甘什岭保护区是海南岛南端的热带森林保护区, 植物区系特殊, 特有植物无翼坡垒(Hopea exalata)在这里成片分布。2010年保护区范围得到调整, 为全面了解保护区内珍稀濒危植物的分布状况, 作者于2010-2012年对植物物种多样性进行了系统的野外调查, 并对其保护等级进行评估, 以期为我国热带珍稀濒危植物的保护提供依据。结果表明: 保护区内共分布有野生珍稀濒危植物106种。其中,《国家重点保护野生植物名录》第一批和第二批(讨论稿)收录43种, 《中国植物红皮书》收录19种, 《IUCN濒危物种红色名录》收录29种, 《中国物种红色名录》收录61种, 《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录收录34种, 《海南省省级重点保护野生植物名录》收录76种。保护区内珍稀濒危植物种类占植物种类总数的比例较附近的五指山、鹦哥岭、尖峰岭三大国家级雨林保护区略低。根据这些种类的分布状况, 分为罕见种(3种)、稀有种(15种)、偶见种(63种)和常见种(25种)。特有性分析发现, 海南特有种有22种(包括2种甘什岭特有种), 中国特有种有13种。根据我们的评估结果, 建议将46种植物的保护等级提升或增补于保护范围。

关键词: 珍稀濒危植物, 分布, 特有性, 保护评估, 保护等级

Abstract

Ganshiling Nature Reserve, located on southern Hainan Island, contains a unique natural flora and preserves Hopea exalata—a species endemic to Hainan—within its large distribution area. In order to identify rare and endangered plants and learn their distribution and status in the reserve, we carried out extensive fieldwork during 2010-2012. A total of 106 species belonging to 92 genera and 49 families were recorded. Among them, 43 species were included in the List of Wild Plants Under State Protection (The First Batch and The Second Batch), 19 species in the China Plant Red Data Book, 29 species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 61 species in the China Species Red List, 34 species in the Appendices of CITES, and 76 species in the List of Wild Plants Under Hainan Provincial Protection. The percentage of rare and endangered plants was slightly lower than those of three neighboring national nature reserves, i.e. Wuzhishan, Yinggeling and Jianfengling. According to our assessment, the rare and endangered species in Ganshiling Mountain were divided into very rare species (3 species), rare species (15 species), occasional species (63 species) and common species (25 species). Among them, 13 species are endemic to China and 22 species are endemic to Hainan (including 2 species endemic to Ganshiling Mountain). Finally, we propose that 46 species should either receive upgraded protection level or be included in the protection list.

Key words: rare and endangered plants, distribution, endemism, protection assessment, protection level