宁夏黄土丘陵区不同生态恢复生境地表甲虫多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13212

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 516-524. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13212

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

宁夏黄土丘陵区不同生态恢复生境地表甲虫多样性

杭佳¹, 石云^1,², 刘文惠¹, 贺达汉^1,^3,,A;^*()

1 .宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021
2 .宁夏大学资源与环境学院, 银川 750021
3 .宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2013-09-30 接受日期:2014-01-14 出版日期:2014-07-20 发布日期:2014-07-24
通讯作者: 贺达汉
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41161081)和教育部高校学校博士学科点科研专项基金(20126401110003)

Diversity of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) in restored habitats in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Jia Hang¹, Yun Shi^1,², Wenhui Liu¹, Dahan He^1,^3,^*()

1. Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
2 .College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
3 .State Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in North-western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021

Received:2013-09-30 Accepted:2014-01-14 Online:2014-07-20 Published:2014-07-24
Contact: He Dahan

1. 附表1 宁夏黄土丘陵区不同生境内地表甲虫群落的物种组成与分布.pdf(188KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解宁夏黄土丘陵区不同生境地表甲虫群落多样性变化规律及与环境因子的关系, 并探讨不同生态恢复措施对维持地表甲虫群落多样性的影响, 2013年7-8月, 作者利用陷阱法调查了该区6种生境内的地表甲虫群落多样性。结果表明: 灌草混交林地、乔灌混交林地、生态薪炭林地中地表甲虫物种丰富度和个体数量均较高, 天然封育草地、生态经济林地和水平农田中物种丰富度较低, 生态经济林地和水平农田中甲虫个体数量显著高于天然封育草地。不同生境间, 灌草混交林地、乔灌混交林地与生态薪炭林地之间、生态经济林地与水平农田之间甲虫群落组成相似性较高。多元回归分析表明, 草本层生物量、灌木层盖度及土壤含水量是影响甲虫物种丰富度的决定因素, 林冠层盖度和枯落物厚度是决定地表甲虫个体数量的重要因素。CCA分析表明, 枯落物盖度、枯落物厚度、林冠层盖度及草本层盖度是影响地表甲虫群落组成的重要环境因子。研究表明, 灌草混交林地为地表甲虫群落多样性维持较好的生境类型, 是宁夏黄土丘陵区典型生态恢复的最优模式。

关键词: 灌草混交林地, 地表甲虫, 生态恢复, 物种多样性, 典范对应分析

Abstract

The aim of this study was to probe into changes in diversity of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) and their relation to environmental variables within restored habitats in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. An investigation of ground-dwelling beetle communities was carried out using pitfall traps in six habitats including shrub/grassland, tree/shrub mix, fuel-wood forest, naturally restored grassland, plantation forest, and level terraced field in July and August, 2013. We found that species richness and abundance of individual ground-dwelling beetles was higher (P<0.05) in the shrub/grassland, tree/shrub mix, and fuel-wood forest compared to the other three stands. Species richness of ground-dwelling beetles was markedly lower (P<0.05) in naturally restored grassland, plantation forest and level terraced field, whereas the abundance of individual ground-dwelling beetles were higher in plantation forest and level terraced field than in naturally restored grassland. Jaccard indices revealed a high level of similarity amongst shrub/grassland, tree/shrub mix, and fuel-wood forest stands, and then between plantation forest stands and level terraced fields. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that herbaceous biomass, cover of shrub species and soil water content were the key factors affecting species richness of ground-dwelling beetles, while it was canopy cover and leaf litter depth that most affected total abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the cover and depth of leaf litter, cover of canopy and herbaceous layers were important determinants of species abundance and composition of beetle communities. In conclusion, conversion to shrub/grasslands may be one option for raising ground-dwelling beetle diversity in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia.

Key words: shrub/grassland, ground-dwelling beetles, ecological restoration, species diversity, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)

杭佳, 石云, 刘文惠, 贺达汉 (2014) 宁夏黄土丘陵区不同生态恢复生境地表甲虫多样性. 生物多样性, 22, 516-524. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13212.

Jia Hang, Yun Shi, Wenhui Liu, Dahan He (2014) Diversity of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) in restored habitats in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Biodiversity Science, 22, 516-524. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13212.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13212

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I4/516

图/表 7

参考文献 42

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	灌草混交林地 SG	乔灌混交林地 TS	生态薪炭林地 FF	天然封育草地 RG	生态经济林地 PF	水平农田地 TF
林冠层物种数 Species of canopy layer (CS)	0.00±0.00^c	3.33±0.33^a	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^c
林冠层盖度 Cover of canopy layer (CC) (%)	0.00±0.00^c	56.67±6.89^a	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	40.33±2.91^b	0.00±0.00^c
灌木层物种数 Number of shrub species (SN)	3.33±0.33^a	1.33±0.33^b	2.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c
灌木层盖度 Cover of shrub species (SC) (%)	33.15±1.15^b	23.21±1.15^c	43.67±0.88^a	0.00±0.00^d	0.00±0.00^d	0.00±0.00^d
草本层物种数 Number of herb species (HN)	6.00±0.58^b	8.00±0.58^a	9.00±0.58^a	6.67±0.33^b	4.33±0.33^c	3.33±0.33^c
草本层盖度 Cover of herb species (HC) (%)	70.33±3.18^a	67.67±1.45^a	60.00±2.89^ab	49.33±2.96^b	23.67±1.33^c	21.35±3.05^c
枯落物盖度 Cover of leaf litter (LC) (%)	60.12±2.89^ab	66.67±1.67^a	56.62±1.68^b	25.43±1.05^c	23.35±1.68^c	6.53±0.92^d
枯落物厚度 Depth of leaf litter (LD) (cm)	0.37±0.02^b	0.55±0.03^a	0.33±0.03^b	0.19±0.01^c	0.11±0.01^d	0.05±0.01^d
草本层生物量 Herbaceous biomass (HB) (g/m²)	156.41±37.68^a	72.40±7.26^b	72.50±3.95^b	51.27±7.90^b	50.21±1.66^b	18.95±2.09^b
土壤含水量 Soil water content (SW) (%)	21.64±0.32^a	20.71±0.35^a	20.15±0.32^a	14.13±0.57^c	18.01±0.14^b	18.13±0.29^b
海拔 Elevation (ELV) (m)	1,775.00	1,783.00	1,808.67	1,728.33	1,726.33	1,833.00
坡向 Slop aspect (SA)	东北坡Northeast	西南坡 Southwest	西坡 West	西南坡 Southwest	东南坡 Southeast	东北坡 Northeast
坡度 Slop gradient (SG)	10°	15°	23°	21°	8°	12°

	灌草混交林地 SG	乔灌混交林地 TS	生态薪炭林地 FF	天然封育草地 RG	生态经济林地 PF	水平农田地 TF
林冠层物种数 Species of canopy layer (CS)	0.00±0.00^c	3.33±0.33^a	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	1.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^c
林冠层盖度 Cover of canopy layer (CC) (%)	0.00±0.00^c	56.67±6.89^a	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	40.33±2.91^b	0.00±0.00^c
灌木层物种数 Number of shrub species (SN)	3.33±0.33^a	1.33±0.33^b	2.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c	0.00±0.00^c
灌木层盖度 Cover of shrub species (SC) (%)	33.15±1.15^b	23.21±1.15^c	43.67±0.88^a	0.00±0.00^d	0.00±0.00^d	0.00±0.00^d
草本层物种数 Number of herb species (HN)	6.00±0.58^b	8.00±0.58^a	9.00±0.58^a	6.67±0.33^b	4.33±0.33^c	3.33±0.33^c
草本层盖度 Cover of herb species (HC) (%)	70.33±3.18^a	67.67±1.45^a	60.00±2.89^ab	49.33±2.96^b	23.67±1.33^c	21.35±3.05^c
枯落物盖度 Cover of leaf litter (LC) (%)	60.12±2.89^ab	66.67±1.67^a	56.62±1.68^b	25.43±1.05^c	23.35±1.68^c	6.53±0.92^d
枯落物厚度 Depth of leaf litter (LD) (cm)	0.37±0.02^b	0.55±0.03^a	0.33±0.03^b	0.19±0.01^c	0.11±0.01^d	0.05±0.01^d
草本层生物量 Herbaceous biomass (HB) (g/m²)	156.41±37.68^a	72.40±7.26^b	72.50±3.95^b	51.27±7.90^b	50.21±1.66^b	18.95±2.09^b
土壤含水量 Soil water content (SW) (%)	21.64±0.32^a	20.71±0.35^a	20.15±0.32^a	14.13±0.57^c	18.01±0.14^b	18.13±0.29^b
海拔 Elevation (ELV) (m)	1,775.00	1,783.00	1,808.67	1,728.33	1,726.33	1,833.00
坡向 Slop aspect (SA)	东北坡Northeast	西南坡 Southwest	西坡 West	西南坡 Southwest	东南坡 Southeast	东北坡 Northeast
坡度 Slop gradient (SG)	10°	15°	23°	21°	8°	12°

	乔灌混交林地 TS	生态薪炭林地 FF	天然封育草地 RG	生态经济林地 PF	水平农田地 TF
灌草混交林地 SG	0.63	0.67	0.46	0.39	0.49
乔灌混交林地 TS	-	0.61	0.50	0.44	0.39
生态薪炭林地 FF	-	-	0.44	0.45	0.42
天然封育草地 RG	-	-	-	0.52	0.50
生态经济林地 PF	-	-	-	-	0.63

	乔灌混交林地 TS	生态薪炭林地 FF	天然封育草地 RG	生态经济林地 PF	水平农田地 TF
灌草混交林地 SG	0.63	0.67	0.46	0.39	0.49
乔灌混交林地 TS	-	0.61	0.50	0.44	0.39
生态薪炭林地 FF	-	-	0.44	0.45	0.42
天然封育草地 RG	-	-	-	0.52	0.50
生态经济林地 PF	-	-	-	-	0.63

	回归模型 Regression model	r²	P
物种丰富度 Species richness	-11.68 + 5.35 SC + 0.78 HB + 1.64 SW	0.83	0.000^**
个体数量 Abundance of individual	76.80 + 12.23 LD + 3.42 CC	0.72	0.000^**

宁夏黄土丘陵区不同生态恢复生境地表甲虫多样性

Diversity of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) in restored habitats in the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

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科 Family	物种 Species	灌草混交林地 SG	乔灌混交林地 TS	生态薪炭林地 FF	天然封育草地 RG	生态经济林地 PF	水平农田地 TF	总个体数 Total	百分比 %
步甲科 Carabidae	直角通缘步甲 Pterostichus gebleri	284	333	419	56	144	79	1,315	29.32
	麻步甲 Carabus brandti	137	248	294	43	6	53	781	17.41
	赤胸长步甲 Dolichus halensis	24	16	2	0	290	316	648	14.45
	直角婪步甲 Harpalus corporosus	5	3	13	0	36	19	76	1.69
	蒙古伪葬步甲 Pseudotaphoxenus mongolicus	10	1	34	3	1	20	69	1.54
	婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.1	7	1	2	6	38	0	54	1.20
	锯步甲属一种 Pristosia sp.	33	4	10	0	1	1	49	1.09
	双斑猛步甲 Cymindis binotata	25	12	11	0	1	0	49	1.09
	婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.2	4	8	2	1	19	14	48	1.07
	半猛步甲 Cymindis daimio	20	3	10	1	2	0	36	0.8
	短翅伪葬步甲 Pseudotaphoxenus brevipennis	4	1	14	3	7	7	36	0.8
	黄鞘婪步甲 Harpalus pallidipennis	18	10	2	1	3	1	35	0.78
	婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.3	5	8	3	0	0	10	26	0.58
	婪步甲属一种 Harpalus sp.4	0	0	0	0	4	2	6	0.13
	中华金星步甲 Calosoma chinense	2	0	0	0	0	2	4	0.09
	考氏肉步甲 Broscus kozlovi	1	0	1	0	0	2	4	0.09
金龟科 Scarabaeidae	小驼嗡蜣螂 Onthophagus gibbulus	160	83	10	45	48	56	402	8.96
	中华嗡蜣螂 O. sinicus	150	11	8	5	11	18	203	4.53
	双顶嗡蜣螂 O. bivertex	3	0	1	0	0	0	4	0.09
	大黑蜣螂属一种 Catharsius sp.	0	4	0	0	0	0	4	0.09
虎甲科 Cicindelidae	星斑虎甲 Cicindela kaleea	72	118	37	25	19	44	315	7.02
	云纹虎甲 C. elisae	1	0	0	73	0	0	74	1.65
拟步甲科 Tenebrionidae	克小鳖甲 Microdera kraatzi	0	5	6	47	0	0	58	1.29
	异形琵甲 Blaps variolosa	11	0	2	5	0	2	20	0.45
	条纹琵甲 B. potanini	0	15	0	1	1	3	20	0.45
	扁长琵甲 B. variolaris	1	8	0	0	0	2	11	0.25
象甲科 Curculionidae	暗褐尖筒象 Myllocerus pelidnus	3	13	0	28	0	0	44	0.98
	苜蓿象甲 Hypera postica	4	0	0	0	0	0	4	0.09
	甜菜象甲 Bothynoderse punctiventris	2	1	1	0	0	0	4	0.09
芫菁科 Meloidae	苹斑芫菁 Mylabris calida	6	1	3	11	0	0	21	0.47
	凹胸黑芫菁 Epicauta xantusi	2	2	0	1	0	0	5	0.11
	暗头豆芫菁 Epicauta obscurocephala	2	2	0	0	0	0	4	0.09
鳃金龟科 Melolonthidae	小阔胫玛绢金龟 Maladera ovatula	2	2	3	1	0	1	9	0.20
	福婆鳃金龟 Brahmina faldermanni	2	1	1	0	0	0	4	0.09
粪金龟科 Geotrupidae	戴锤角粪金龟 Bolbotrypes davidis	0	0	4	0	0	0	4	0.09
埋葬甲科 Silphidae	尸葬甲 Necrodes littoralis	2	4	0	2	0	0	8	0.18
	大红斑葬甲 Nicrophorus japonicus	2	0	2	0	0	0	4	0.09
	黄斑葬甲一种 Nicrophorus sp.	0	3	1	0	0	0	4	0.09
瓢虫科 Coccinellidae	七星瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata	3	0	0	0	0	4	7	0.16
	异色瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis	2	1	1	0	0	0	4	0.09
	多异瓢虫 Hippodamia variegata	0	1	0	0	3	0	4	0.09
	双七瓢虫 Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata	0	0	0	2	0	2	4	0.09
叩甲科 Chrysomelidae	暗色槽缝叩甲 Agrypnus musculus	2	0	2	0	0	0	4	0.09
总计 Total		1,011	923	899	360	634	658	4,485

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