中国石松类和蕨类植物的多样性与地理分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2015256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种编目及其科属系统排列是了解生物多样性的基础, 本文采用Flora of China使用的分类系统, 结合最新分子分类学研究成果以及近几年发表的新资料, 对中国石松类和蕨类植物多样性和地理分布数据进行了统计和分析。结果表明中国共有石松类和蕨类植物40科178属2,147种5个亚种118个变种, 其中特有种839个, 占总种数的39.08%。种数最多的5个科依次为鳞毛蕨科(505种, 含种下单位, 下同)、蹄盖蕨科(323种)、水龙骨科(280种)、凤尾蕨科(266种)和金星蕨科(209种); 种数最多的5个属依次为耳蕨属(Polystichum, 209种)、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris, 176种)、蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium, 137种)、双盖蕨属(Diplazium, 98种)和凤尾蕨属(Pteris, 97种)。在地理分布上, 种数排名前5的省份为云南(1,365种)、四川(875种)、贵州(838种)、广西(785种)和台湾(779种)。含中国特有石松类和蕨类植物的科属中, 排前3位的科分别为鳞毛蕨科(257种)、蹄盖蕨科(169种)和凤尾蕨科(113种); 排前3位的属为耳蕨属(140种)、蹄盖蕨属(82种)和鳞毛蕨属(61种)。

关键词: 植物分类学, 保护生物地理学, 生物多样性, 保护生物学, 蕨类植物

Abstract

The species catalogue and phylogenetic arrangement are the basis of species diversity studies. We collated the latest lycophytes and ferns in China found in recent years using the system from Flora of China. There are 2,147 species, 5 subspecies, 118 varieties, 178 genera and 40 families of lycophytes and ferns in China, including 839 endemic species, which accounts for 39.08% of total species. The top five families are Dryopteridaceae (505 species, including subspecies and varieties), Athyriaceae (323 species), Polypodiaceae (280 species), Pteridaceae (266 species) and Thelypteridaceae (209 species). The top five genera are Polystichum (209 species), Dryopteris (176 species), Athyrium (137 species), Diplazium (98 species) and Pteris (97 species). The following five provinces are rich in lycophytes and ferns: Yunnan (1,365 species), Sichuan (875 species), Guizhou (838 species), Guangxi (785 species) and Taiwan (779 species). Endemic species are rich in families including Dryopteridaceae (257 species), Athyriaceae (169 species), and Pteridaceae (113 species) and genera of Polystichum (140 species), Athyrium (82 species), and Dryopteris (61 species).

Key words: plant taxonomy, conservation biogeography, biodiversity, conservation biology, pteridophytes

周喜乐, 张宪春, 孙久琼, 严岳鸿 (2016) 中国石松类和蕨类植物的多样性与地理分布. 生物多样性, 24, 102-107. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015256.

Xile Zhou, Xianchun Zhang, Jiuqiong Sun, Yuehong Yan (2016) Diversity and distribution of lycophytes and ferns in China. Biodiversity Science, 24, 102-107. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015256.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015256

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I1/102

图/表 1

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省(市、自治区) Province	种 Species	属 Genus	科 Family	中国特有种Number of Chinese endemic species (CES)	占本地区种数比例 Ratio of CES in each province	仅产本地区 Number of local endemic species (LES)	占本地区中国特有种比例 Ratio of LES/CES	国内仅产本地区且国外有分布 Number of species distrbute only in this province and abroad
云南 Yunnan	1,365 (60.13%)	148 (83.15%)	40 (100.00%)	414	30.33	181	43.72	77
四川 Sichuan	875 (38.55%)	116 (65.17%)	36 (90.00%)	284	32.46	54	19.01	1
贵州 Guizhou	838 (36.92%)	119 (66.85%)	36 (90.00%)	227	27.09	31	13.66	1
广西 Guangxi	785 (34.58%)	125 (70.22%)	36 (90.00%)	157	20.00	23	14.65	5
台湾 Taiwan	779 (34.32%)	145 (81.46%)	39 (97.50%)	107	13.74	59	55.14	89
湖南 Hunan	663 (29.20%)	110 (61.80%)	35 (87.50%)	180	27.15	6	3.33	0
西藏 Tibet	579 (25.51%)	104 (58.43%)	33 (82.50%)	121	20.90	49	40.50	14
广东 Guangdong	566 (24.93%)	117 (65.73%)	32 (80.00%)	95	16.78	9	9.47	2
重庆 Chongqing	535 (23.57%)	93 (52.25%)	33 (82.50%)	154	28.79	9	5.84	0
海南 Hainan	451 (19.87%)	113 (63.48%)	33 (82.50%)	62	13.75	33	53.23	19
江西 Jiangxi	442 (19.47%)	96 (53.93%)	33 (82.50%)	85	19.23	2	2.35	0
浙江 Zhejiang	431 (18.99%)	98 (55.06%)	35 (87.50%)	88	20.42	7	7.95	3
福建 Fujian	409 (18.02%)	100 (56.18%)	31 (77.50%)	67	16.38	4	5.97	1
湖北 Hubei	372 (16.39%)	80 (44.94%)	29 (72.50%)	102	27.42	5	4.90	0
甘肃 Gansu	254 (11.19%)	64 (35.96%)	25 (62.50%)	65	25.59	3	4.62	0
安徽 Anhui	237 (10.44%)	69 (38.76%)	26 (65.00%)	39	16.46	0	0.00	1
陕西 Shaanxi	231 (10.18%)	56 (31.46%)	22 (55.00%)	62	26.84	0	0.00	0
河南 Henan	218 (9.60%)	62 (34.83%)	25 (62.50%)	46	21.10	1	2.17	0
香港 Hongkong	212 (9.34%)	77 (43.26%)	29 (72.50%)	16	7.55	0	0.00	0
江苏 Jiangsu	151 (6.65%)	59 (33.15%)	26 (65.00%)	18	11.92	0	0.00	0
河北 Hebei	112 (4.93%)	39 (21.91%)	18 (45.00%)	26	23.21	0	0.00	0
辽宁 Liaoning	110 (4.85%)	41 (23.03%)	19 (47.50%)	10	9.09	0	0.00	2
吉林 Jilin	107 (4.71%)	38 (21.35%)	17 (42.50%)	6	5.61	2	33.33	1
山西 Shanxi	99 (4.36%)	35 (19.66%)	17 (42.50%)	24	24.24	0	0.00	0
山东 Shandong	97 (4.27%)	38 (21.35%)	19 (47.50%)	19	19.59	2	10.53	0
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	89 (3.92%)	34 (19.10%)	17 (42.50%)	4	4.49	1	25.00	3
澳门 Macao	76 (3.35%)	46 (25.84%)	24 (60.00%)	2	2.63	0	0.00	0
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	72 (3.17%)	25 (14.04%)	15 (37.50%)	11	15.28	0	0.00	0
北京 Beijing	71 (3.13%)	27 (15.17%)	17 (42.50%)	15	21.13	0	0.00	0
新疆 Xinjiang	57 (2.51%)	22 (12.36%)	14 (35.00%)	3	5.26	0	0.00	6
青海 Qinghai	52 (2.29%)	20 (11.24%)	13 (32.50%)	11	21.15	0	0.00	0
上海 Shanghai	51 (2.25%)	31 (17.42%)	17 (42.50%)	2	3.92	0	0.00	0
宁夏 Ningxia	40 (1.76%)	19 (10.67%)	12 (30.00%)	7	17.50	0	0.00	0
天津 Tianjin	29 (1.28%)	15 (8.43%)	12 (30.00%)	5	17.24	0	0.00	0

省(市、自治区) Province	种 Species	属 Genus	科 Family	中国特有种Number of Chinese endemic species (CES)	占本地区种数比例 Ratio of CES in each province	仅产本地区 Number of local endemic species (LES)	占本地区中国特有种比例 Ratio of LES/CES	国内仅产本地区且国外有分布 Number of species distrbute only in this province and abroad
云南 Yunnan	1,365 (60.13%)	148 (83.15%)	40 (100.00%)	414	30.33	181	43.72	77
四川 Sichuan	875 (38.55%)	116 (65.17%)	36 (90.00%)	284	32.46	54	19.01	1
贵州 Guizhou	838 (36.92%)	119 (66.85%)	36 (90.00%)	227	27.09	31	13.66	1
广西 Guangxi	785 (34.58%)	125 (70.22%)	36 (90.00%)	157	20.00	23	14.65	5
台湾 Taiwan	779 (34.32%)	145 (81.46%)	39 (97.50%)	107	13.74	59	55.14	89
湖南 Hunan	663 (29.20%)	110 (61.80%)	35 (87.50%)	180	27.15	6	3.33	0
西藏 Tibet	579 (25.51%)	104 (58.43%)	33 (82.50%)	121	20.90	49	40.50	14
广东 Guangdong	566 (24.93%)	117 (65.73%)	32 (80.00%)	95	16.78	9	9.47	2
重庆 Chongqing	535 (23.57%)	93 (52.25%)	33 (82.50%)	154	28.79	9	5.84	0
海南 Hainan	451 (19.87%)	113 (63.48%)	33 (82.50%)	62	13.75	33	53.23	19
江西 Jiangxi	442 (19.47%)	96 (53.93%)	33 (82.50%)	85	19.23	2	2.35	0
浙江 Zhejiang	431 (18.99%)	98 (55.06%)	35 (87.50%)	88	20.42	7	7.95	3
福建 Fujian	409 (18.02%)	100 (56.18%)	31 (77.50%)	67	16.38	4	5.97	1
湖北 Hubei	372 (16.39%)	80 (44.94%)	29 (72.50%)	102	27.42	5	4.90	0
甘肃 Gansu	254 (11.19%)	64 (35.96%)	25 (62.50%)	65	25.59	3	4.62	0
安徽 Anhui	237 (10.44%)	69 (38.76%)	26 (65.00%)	39	16.46	0	0.00	1
陕西 Shaanxi	231 (10.18%)	56 (31.46%)	22 (55.00%)	62	26.84	0	0.00	0
河南 Henan	218 (9.60%)	62 (34.83%)	25 (62.50%)	46	21.10	1	2.17	0
香港 Hongkong	212 (9.34%)	77 (43.26%)	29 (72.50%)	16	7.55	0	0.00	0
江苏 Jiangsu	151 (6.65%)	59 (33.15%)	26 (65.00%)	18	11.92	0	0.00	0
河北 Hebei	112 (4.93%)	39 (21.91%)	18 (45.00%)	26	23.21	0	0.00	0
辽宁 Liaoning	110 (4.85%)	41 (23.03%)	19 (47.50%)	10	9.09	0	0.00	2
吉林 Jilin	107 (4.71%)	38 (21.35%)	17 (42.50%)	6	5.61	2	33.33	1
山西 Shanxi	99 (4.36%)	35 (19.66%)	17 (42.50%)	24	24.24	0	0.00	0
山东 Shandong	97 (4.27%)	38 (21.35%)	19 (47.50%)	19	19.59	2	10.53	0
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	89 (3.92%)	34 (19.10%)	17 (42.50%)	4	4.49	1	25.00	3
澳门 Macao	76 (3.35%)	46 (25.84%)	24 (60.00%)	2	2.63	0	0.00	0
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	72 (3.17%)	25 (14.04%)	15 (37.50%)	11	15.28	0	0.00	0
北京 Beijing	71 (3.13%)	27 (15.17%)	17 (42.50%)	15	21.13	0	0.00	0
新疆 Xinjiang	57 (2.51%)	22 (12.36%)	14 (35.00%)	3	5.26	0	0.00	6
青海 Qinghai	52 (2.29%)	20 (11.24%)	13 (32.50%)	11	21.15	0	0.00	0
上海 Shanghai	51 (2.25%)	31 (17.42%)	17 (42.50%)	2	3.92	0	0.00	0
宁夏 Ningxia	40 (1.76%)	19 (10.67%)	12 (30.00%)	7	17.50	0	0.00	0
天津 Tianjin	29 (1.28%)	15 (8.43%)	12 (30.00%)	5	17.24	0	0.00	0

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