Trophic levels and trophic niches of fish from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea

doi:10.17520/biods.2022521

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The internal structure of the Arctic marine ecosystem is changing and its stability is facing unprecedented challenges due to the influences of climate warming. Since fish are important resources for nutrient transport and transfer in Arctic marine food webs, understanding their feeding habits and interspecific trophic relationships is the key to grasping the changes occurring in the Arctic food web structure and function. This study was carried out to obtain basic biological information about fish in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, as well as to provide reference for subsequent studies on trophic ecology.

Methods: We analyzed the stable isotope ratio, trophic level range and trophic niche width and overlap of fish from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea using stable isotope techniques based on fish samples obtained from the 6th (2014) and 8th to 11th (2017-2020) Arctic scientific expedition trawl surveys by China.

Results: A total of 29 species of 8 families and 21 genera of fish were captured, and the mean δ¹³C value of all fish samples was -19.36‰ (-23.88‰ to -15.78‰), the mean value of the δ¹⁵N value was 16.16‰ (11.80‰-20.37‰), and the total trophic levels ranged from 2.42 to 4.62, with a mean value of 3.74. The results of the trophic niches indicated that each fish species had some degree of overlap with several other species, but most species did not overlap completely with each other and maintained some singularity. Boreogadus saida had the largest corrected standard ellipse area (SEAc = 5.51); Artediellus atlanticus had the smallest width of the trophic niche (SEAc = 0.85).

Conclusion: This present study provides basic background information on the trophic ecology in Arctic seas for further study of the food web structure and an in-depth analysis of the response of Arctic marine ecosystems to climate change.

Key words: Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, stable isotope, fish, trophic level, trophic niche

Shusen Fu, Puqing Song, Yuan Li, Yuanyuan Li, Ran Zhang, Hushun Zhang, Rui Wang, Longshan Lin. Trophic levels and trophic niches of fish from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(4): 22521.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022521

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I4/22521

Figures/Tables 6

References 46

[1]	Cai DL, Hong XG, Mao XH, Zhang SF, Han YB, Gao SL (2001) Preliminary studies on trophic structure of tidal zone in the Laoshan Bay by using carbon stable isotopes. Haiyang Xuebao, 23(4), 41-47. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 蔡德陵, 洪旭光, 毛兴华, 张淑芳, 韩贻兵, 高素兰 (2001) 崂山湾潮间带食物网结构的碳稳定同位素初步研究. 海洋学报, 23(4), 41-47.]
[2]	Cai DL, Li HY, Tang QS, Sun Y (2005) Establishment of continuous nutrient spectrum of food web in Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecosystem: Results from stable isotope method of carbon and nitrogen. Science in China: Life Sciences, 35, 123-130. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 蔡德陵, 李红燕, 唐启升, 孙耀 (2005) 黄东海生态系统食物网连续营养谱的建立: 来自碳氮稳定同位素方法的结果. 中国科学: 生命科学, 35, 123-130.]
[3]	Carey AG Jr (1991) Ecology of North American Arctic continental shelf benthos: A review. Continental Shelf Research, 11, 865-883. DOI URL
[4]	Chen G, Wu Z, Gu B, Liu D, Li X, Wang Y (2011) Isotopic niche overlap of two planktivorous fish in southern China. Limnology, 12, 151-155. DOI URL
[5]	Chen JF, Jin HY, Bai YC, Zhuang YP, Li HL, Li YJ, Ren J (2018) Marine ecological and environmental responses to the Arctic rapid change. Haiyang Xuebao, 40, 22-31. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈建芳, 金海燕, 白有成, 庄燕培, 李宏亮, 李杨杰, 任健 (2018) 北极快速变化的生态环境响应. 海洋学报, 40, 22-31.]
[6]	Chen JZ, Zhao CS, Zhang XZ (2020) Changes in vegetation growing season and active accumulated temperature in circum-Arctic region under 21st century climate change scenario. Climatic and Environmental Research, 25, 543-554. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈嘉哲, 赵彩杉, 张学珍 (2020) 21世纪气候变化情景下环北极地区植被生长季与活动积温变化. 气候与环境研究, 25, 543-554.]
[7]	Christiansen JS, Hop H, Nilssen EM, Joensen J (2012) Trophic ecology of sympatric Arctic gadoids, Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872) and Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774), in NE Greenland. Polar Biology, 35, 1247-1257. DOI URL
[8]	Cui X, Grebmeier JM, Cooper LW (2012) Feeding ecology of dominant groundfish in the northern Bering Sea. Polar Biology, 35, 1407-1419. DOI URL
[9]	Danielson SL, Eisner L, Ladd C, Calvin M, Leandra S, Thomas JW (2017) A comparison between late summer 2012 and 2013 water masses, macronutrients, and phytoplankton standing crops in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 200, 135.
[10]	Gao SK, Sun W, Zhang S (2021) The potential carbon source and trophic level analysis of main organisms in coastal water of Lüsi fishing ground, based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Haiyang Xuebao, 43, 71-80. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 高世科, 孙文, 张硕 (2021) 基于稳定同位素方法的吕泗渔场近岸海域主要生物潜在碳源及营养级分析. 海洋学报, 43, 71-80.]
[11]	Gray BP, Norcross BL, Blanchard AL, Beaudreau AH, Seitz AC (2016) Variability in the summer diets of juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas. Polar Biology, 39, 1069-1080. DOI URL
[12]	Gray BP, Norcross BL, Beaudreau AH, Blanchard AL, Seitz AC (2017) Food habits of Arctic staghorn sculpin (Gymnocanthus tricuspis) and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 135, 111-123. DOI URL
[13]	Grice AM, Loneragan NR, Dennison WC (1996) Light intensity and the interactions between physiology, morphology and stable isotope ratios in five species of seagrass. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 195, 91-110. DOI URL
[14]	Han DY, Ma QY, Xue Y, Jiao Y, Ren YP (2016) Feeding habits of Amblychaeturichthys hexanema in Jiaozhou Bay based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 46(3), 67-73. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 韩东燕, 麻秋云, 薛莹, 焦燕, 任一平 (2016) 应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析胶州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的摄食习性. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 46(3), 67-73.]
[15]	Holmes RM, Coe MT, Fiske GJ, Gurtovaya T, McClelland JW, Shiklomanov AI, Zhulidov AV (2012) Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters: Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Arctic Rivers. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
[16]	Jackson AL, Inger R, Parnell AC, Bearhop S (2011) Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER—Stable isotope Bayesian ellipses in R. Journal of Animal Ecology, 80, 595-602. DOI PMID
[17]	Jennings S, Greenstreet S, Hill L, Piet G, Pinnegar J, Warr KJ (2002) Long-term trends in the trophic structure of the North Sea fish community: Evidence from stable-isotope analysis, size-spectra and community metrics. Marine Biology, 141, 1085-1097. DOI URL
[18]	Ji WW, Jiang YZ, Ruan W, Chen XZ, Zhang ML, Li SF (2013) Stable isotope analysis on the feeding character of representative fishes during spring in central and northern East China Sea and south Yellow Sea. Marine Fisheries, 35, 415-422. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 纪炜炜, 姜亚洲, 阮雯, 陈雪忠, 张明亮, 李圣法 (2013) 基于稳定同位素方法分析东海中北部及黄海南部春季主要鱼类的食性特征. 海洋渔业, 35, 415-422.]
[19]	Ji WW, Li SF, Chen XZ, Ruan W, Zhou J (2015) Variation in trophic structure of nekton organisms from the northern East China Sea and adjacent waters based on stable isotope values. Marine Fisheries, 37, 494-500. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 纪炜炜, 李圣法, 陈雪忠, 阮雯, 周进 (2015) 基于稳定同位素方法的东海北部及其邻近水域主要游泳动物营养结构变化. 海洋渔业, 37, 494-500.]
[20]	Jiang YZ, Lin N, Yuan XW, Ling JZ, Li SF (2015) Trophic niches of nine gobiid fishes in Xiangshan Bay determined by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 34, 1579-1585. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 姜亚洲, 林楠, 袁兴伟, 凌建忠, 李圣法 (2015) 基于碳、氮稳定同位素技术研究象山港虾虎鱼类营养生态位. 生态学杂志, 34, 1579-1585.]
[21]	Kondoh M (2003) Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability. Science, 299, 1388-1391. PMID
[22]	Kong YF, Wu ZX, Yan YR, Tian T, Gao DK, Yang J, Wu YC (2020) Trophic structure of pelagic fishery organism assemblage in the central and western South China Sea in spring revealed by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 3559-3567. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 孔业富, 吴忠鑫, 颜云榕, 田涛, 高东奎, 杨军, 吴英超 (2020) 基于碳氮稳定同位素的南海中西部海域春季中上层渔业生物群落营养结构. 应用生态学报, 31, 3559-3567.] DOI
[23]	Layman CA, Arrington DA, Montaña CG, Post DM (2007) Can stable isotope ratios provide for community-wide measures of trophic structure? Ecology, 88, 42-48. DOI PMID
[24]	Leibold MA (1995) The niche concept revisited: Mechanistic models and community context. Ecology, 76, 1371-1382. DOI URL
[25]	Ma QY, Han DY, Liu H, Xue Y, Ji YP, Ren YP (2015) Construction of a continuous trophic spectrum for the food web in Jiaozhou Bay using stable isotope analyses. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35, 7207-7218. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 麻秋云, 韩东燕, 刘贺, 薛莹, 纪毓鹏, 任一平 (2015) 应用稳定同位素技术构建胶州湾食物网的连续营养谱. 生态学报, 35, 7207-7218.]
[26]	Marsh JM, Mueter FJ, Iken K, Danielson S (2017) Ontogenetic, spatial and temporal variation in trophic level and diet of Chukchi Sea fishes. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 135, 78-94. DOI URL
[27]	Mecklenburg CW, Mecklenburg TA, Thorsteinson LK (2002) Fishes of Alaska. The American Fisheries Society, New York.
[28]	Mecklenburg CW, Mecklenburg TA, Sheiko BA, Steinke D (2016) Pacific Arctic Marine Fishes. CAFF International Secretariat, Akureyri, Iceland.
[29]	National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) (2018) Arctic Sea Ice Maximum at Second Lowest in the Satellite Record. https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2018/03/arctic-sea-ice-maximum-second-lowest. (accessed on 2018-03-23)
[30]	Nelson JS, Grande TC, Wilson MV (2016) Fishes of the World, 5th edn. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
[31]	Ning JJ, Du FY, Li YF, Gu YG, Wang LG (2016) Dietary composition and trophic position of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Honghai Bay. Haiyang Xuebao, 38, 62-69. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 宁加佳, 杜飞雁, 李亚芳, 谷阳光, 王亮根 (2016) 红海湾远海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus的食物组成及营养位置分析. 海洋学报, 38, 62-69.]
[32]	Parnell AC, Phillips DL, Bearhop S, Semmens BX, Ward EJ, Moore JW, Jackson AL, Grey J, Kelly DJ, Inger R (2013) Bayesian stable isotope mixing models. Environmetrics, 24, 387-399.
[33]	Peterson BJ, Fry B (1987) Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 293-320. DOI URL
[34]	Post DM (2002) Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: Models, methods, and assumptions. Ecology, 83, 703-718. DOI URL
[35]	Quezada-Romegialli C, Jackson AL, Hayden B, Kahilainen KK, Lopes C, Harrod C (2018) tRophicPosition, an R package for the Bayesian estimation of trophic position from consumer stable isotope ratios. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 1592-1599. DOI URL
[36]	Rand KM, Whitehouse A, Logerwell EA, Ahgeak E, Hibpshman R, Parker-Stetter S (2013) The diets of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) from August 2008 in the US Beaufort Sea. Polar Biology, 36, 907-912.
[37]	Serreze MC, Francis JA (2006) The Arctic amplification debate. Climatic Change, 76, 241-264. DOI URL
[38]	Sigler MF, Mueter FJ, Bluhm BA, Busby MS, Cokelet ED, Danielson SL, De Robertis A, Eisner LB, Farley EV, Iken K, Kuletz KJ, Lauth RR, Logerwell EA, Pinchuk AI (2017) Late summer zoogeography of the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 135, 168-189. DOI URL
[39]	Stasko A, Swanson H, Atchison S, MacPhee S, Majewski A, De Montety L, Archambault P, Walkusz W, Reist J, Power M (2017) Stable isotope data (δ¹⁵N, δ¹³C) for marine fishes and invertebrates from the Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment Marine Fishes Project, August-September 2012 and 2013. Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 117, 1270.
[40]	Swanson HK, Lysy M, Power M, Stasko AD, Johnson JD, Reist JD (2015) A new probabilistic method for quantifying n-dimensional ecological niches and niche overlap. Ecology, 96, 318-324. PMID
[41]	Walkusz W, Paulic JE, Williams WJ, Kwasniewski S, Papst MH (2011) Distribution and diet of larval and juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the shallow Canadian Beaufort Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 84, 78-84. DOI URL
[42]	Wang H, Liu QL, Li WS, Pan S, Li Y, Wang AM, Xu H, Lü JH (2020) The ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate: Changes, impacts and risks. Marine Science Bulletin, 39, 143-151. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王慧, 刘秋林, 李文善, 潘嵩, 李琰, 王爱梅, 徐浩, 吕江华 (2020) 气候变化中海洋和冰冻圈的变化、影响及风险. 海洋通报, 39, 143-151.]
[43]	Whitehouse GA, Buckley TW, Danielson SL (2017) Diet compositions and trophic guild structure of the eastern Chukchi Sea demersal fish community. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 135, 95-110. DOI URL
[44]	Wu HL, Shao KT, Lai CF (2017) Latin-Chinese Dictionary of Fish Names by Classification. China Ocean University Press, Qingdao. (in Chinese)
	[ 伍汉霖, 邵广昭, 赖春福 (2017) 拉汉世界鱼类系统名典. 中国海洋大学出版社, 青岛.]
[45]	Yang XW, Ma JS (1992) A review on some terms related to niche and their measurements. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 11(2), 44-49, 35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 杨效文, 马继盛 (1992) 生态位有关术语的定义及计算公式评述. 生态学杂志, 11(2), 44-49, 35.]
[46]	Yu XG, Lin LS, Cao Y, Chen JF, Chen XH, Lei RB, Li Y, Liu YG, Song PQ, Zhang F, Zhang T, Zhao JP, Zhao Y, Zhuang YP (2018) Integrated Assessment of the Environmental and Resource Potential of the Arctic Region. China Ocean Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[ 余兴光, 林龙山, 曹勇, 陈建芳, 陈新华, 雷瑞波, 李渊, 刘焱光, 宋普庆, 张芳, 张涛, 赵进平, 赵越, 庄燕培 (2018) 北极地区环境与资源潜力综合评估. 海洋出版社, 北京.]

科 Family	种类 Species	样品数 Number of samples	营养级X (最小值-最大值) Trophic level X (Min-Max)	Fishbase营养级 Trophic level of Fishbase
鳕科 Gadidae	白令海北鳕 Boreogadus saida	80	3.76 (3.56-3.97)	2.9-4.2
	北极鳕 Arctogadus glacialis	17	4.31 (4.08-4.58)	3.2
	黄线狭鳕 Gadus chalcogrammus	29	3.11 (2.91-3.31)	3.0-4.5
	细身宽突鳕 Eleginus gracilis	3	3.45 (2.71-4.20)	3.0-4.1
鲽科 Pleuronectidae	糙黄盖鲽 Limanda aspera	2	3.96 (2.00-4.02)	3.1-3.7
	黄腹鲽 Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus	2	3.67 (2.00-3.76)	3.1-3.9
	太平洋拟庸鲽 Hippoglossoides elassodon	60	3.57 (3.37-3.79)	3.4-3.8
杜父鱼科 Cottidae	粗糙钩杜父鱼 Artediellus scaber	2	3.98 (2.01-4.03)	3.4
	大西洋钩杜父鱼 Artediellus atlanticus	23	4.59 (4.37-4.86)	3.6
	短角床杜父鱼 Myoxocephalus scorpius	9	3.40 (3.07-3.78)	2.1-4.4
	横带杂鳞杜父鱼 Hemilepidotus papilio	3	3.05 (2.01-4.64)	3.3
	锯棘冰杜父鱼 Icelus spiniger	3	3.16 (2.00-4.28)	3.6
	尼氏鮄杜父鱼 Triglops nybelini	4	3.84 (3.17-4.57)	3.3
	强棘杜父鱼 Enophrys diceraus	2	4.06 (2.01-4.09)	3.8
	三叉裸棘杜父鱼 Gymnocanthus tricuspis	62	3.43 (3.25-3.62)	3.2-3.3
	匙形冰杜父鱼 Icelus spatula	10	3.68 (3.42-3.93)	3.9
绵鳚科 Zoarcidae	阿氏狼绵鳚 Lycodes adolfi	8	4.26 (3.73-4.86)	3.3
	半花裸鳚 Gymnelus hemifasciatus	4	3.33 (2.09-4.58)	3.1
	半裸狼绵鳚 Lycodes seminudus	6	4.53 (4.14-4.97)	3.2-4.0
	北极狼绵鳚 Lycodes polaris	2	4.29 (2.00-4.35)	3.4
	苍色狼绵鳚 Lycodes pallidus	10	4.44 (4.18-4.71)	3.3-4.1
	短鳍狼绵鳚 Lycodes brevipes	12	3.44 (3.19-3.68)	3.5-4.2
	砂栖狼绵鳚 Lycodes palearis	6	3.71 (3.34-4.09)	3.5
	网纹狼绵鳚 Lycodes reticulatus	3	4.62 (4.07-5.17)	3.5
线鳚科 Stichaeidae	斑鳍北鳚 Lumpenus fabricii	9	3.40 (3.09-3.72)	3.3
	中间弧线鳚 Anisarchus medius	19	3.85 (3.63-4.11)	3.2
八角鱼科 Agonidae	北极胶八角鱼 Aspidophoroides olrikii	3	3.01 (2.01-3.85)	2.1-3.9
狮子鱼科 Liparidae	费氏狮子鱼 Liparis fabricii	5	4.17 (3.56-4.75)	3.3
玉筋鱼科 Ammodytidae	六斑玉筋鱼 Ammodytes hexapterus	3	2.42 (2.28-2.60)	2.7-3.3

科 Family	种类 Species	样品数 Number of samples	营养级X (最小值-最大值) Trophic level X (Min-Max)	Fishbase营养级 Trophic level of Fishbase
鳕科 Gadidae	白令海北鳕 Boreogadus saida	80	3.76 (3.56-3.97)	2.9-4.2
	北极鳕 Arctogadus glacialis	17	4.31 (4.08-4.58)	3.2
	黄线狭鳕 Gadus chalcogrammus	29	3.11 (2.91-3.31)	3.0-4.5
	细身宽突鳕 Eleginus gracilis	3	3.45 (2.71-4.20)	3.0-4.1
鲽科 Pleuronectidae	糙黄盖鲽 Limanda aspera	2	3.96 (2.00-4.02)	3.1-3.7
	黄腹鲽 Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus	2	3.67 (2.00-3.76)	3.1-3.9
	太平洋拟庸鲽 Hippoglossoides elassodon	60	3.57 (3.37-3.79)	3.4-3.8
杜父鱼科 Cottidae	粗糙钩杜父鱼 Artediellus scaber	2	3.98 (2.01-4.03)	3.4
	大西洋钩杜父鱼 Artediellus atlanticus	23	4.59 (4.37-4.86)	3.6
	短角床杜父鱼 Myoxocephalus scorpius	9	3.40 (3.07-3.78)	2.1-4.4
	横带杂鳞杜父鱼 Hemilepidotus papilio	3	3.05 (2.01-4.64)	3.3
	锯棘冰杜父鱼 Icelus spiniger	3	3.16 (2.00-4.28)	3.6
	尼氏鮄杜父鱼 Triglops nybelini	4	3.84 (3.17-4.57)	3.3
	强棘杜父鱼 Enophrys diceraus	2	4.06 (2.01-4.09)	3.8
	三叉裸棘杜父鱼 Gymnocanthus tricuspis	62	3.43 (3.25-3.62)	3.2-3.3
	匙形冰杜父鱼 Icelus spatula	10	3.68 (3.42-3.93)	3.9
绵鳚科 Zoarcidae	阿氏狼绵鳚 Lycodes adolfi	8	4.26 (3.73-4.86)	3.3
	半花裸鳚 Gymnelus hemifasciatus	4	3.33 (2.09-4.58)	3.1
	半裸狼绵鳚 Lycodes seminudus	6	4.53 (4.14-4.97)	3.2-4.0
	北极狼绵鳚 Lycodes polaris	2	4.29 (2.00-4.35)	3.4
	苍色狼绵鳚 Lycodes pallidus	10	4.44 (4.18-4.71)	3.3-4.1
	短鳍狼绵鳚 Lycodes brevipes	12	3.44 (3.19-3.68)	3.5-4.2
	砂栖狼绵鳚 Lycodes palearis	6	3.71 (3.34-4.09)	3.5
	网纹狼绵鳚 Lycodes reticulatus	3	4.62 (4.07-5.17)	3.5
线鳚科 Stichaeidae	斑鳍北鳚 Lumpenus fabricii	9	3.40 (3.09-3.72)	3.3
	中间弧线鳚 Anisarchus medius	19	3.85 (3.63-4.11)	3.2
八角鱼科 Agonidae	北极胶八角鱼 Aspidophoroides olrikii	3	3.01 (2.01-3.85)	2.1-3.9
狮子鱼科 Liparidae	费氏狮子鱼 Liparis fabricii	5	4.17 (3.56-4.75)	3.3
玉筋鱼科 Ammodytidae	六斑玉筋鱼 Ammodytes hexapterus	3	2.42 (2.28-2.60)	2.7-3.3

种名 Species	不规则图形面积(TA)	标准椭圆面积(SEA)	校正后的标准椭圆面积(SEAc)
白令海北鳕 Boreogadus saida	23.95	5.44	5.51
黄线狭鳕 Gadus chalcogrammus	5.86	1.73	1.80
北极鳕 Arctogadus glacialis	2.41	0.84	0.90
费氏狮子鱼 Liparis fabricii	3.28	3.10	4.13
三叉裸棘杜父鱼 Gymnocanthus tricuspis	11.62	2.86	2.91
短角床杜父鱼 Myoxocephalus scorpius	1.35	0.81	0.92
大西洋钩杜父鱼 Artediellus atlanticus	2.44	0.81	0.85
匙形冰杜父鱼 Icelus spatula	1.78	0.91	1.02
斑鳍北鳚 Lumpenus fabricii	4.96	3.15	3.61
中间弧线鳚 Anisarchus medius	3.91	1.64	1.73
太平洋拟庸鲽 Hippoglossoides elassodon	12.34	3.30	3.36
短鳍狼绵鳚 Lycodes brevipes	1.77	0.79	0.87
苍色狼绵鳚 Lycodes pallidus	2.28	1.13	1.27
阿氏狼绵鳚 Lycodes adolfi	6.46	4.05	4.72
砂栖狼绵鳚 Lycodes palearis	1.46	1.02	1.29
半裸狼绵鳚 Lycodes seminudus	5.02	4.03	5.04

种名 Species	不规则图形面积(TA)	标准椭圆面积(SEA)	校正后的标准椭圆面积(SEAc)
白令海北鳕 Boreogadus saida	23.95	5.44	5.51
黄线狭鳕 Gadus chalcogrammus	5.86	1.73	1.80
北极鳕 Arctogadus glacialis	2.41	0.84	0.90
费氏狮子鱼 Liparis fabricii	3.28	3.10	4.13
三叉裸棘杜父鱼 Gymnocanthus tricuspis	11.62	2.86	2.91
短角床杜父鱼 Myoxocephalus scorpius	1.35	0.81	0.92
大西洋钩杜父鱼 Artediellus atlanticus	2.44	0.81	0.85
匙形冰杜父鱼 Icelus spatula	1.78	0.91	1.02
斑鳍北鳚 Lumpenus fabricii	4.96	3.15	3.61
中间弧线鳚 Anisarchus medius	3.91	1.64	1.73
太平洋拟庸鲽 Hippoglossoides elassodon	12.34	3.30	3.36
短鳍狼绵鳚 Lycodes brevipes	1.77	0.79	0.87
苍色狼绵鳚 Lycodes pallidus	2.28	1.13	1.27
阿氏狼绵鳚 Lycodes adolfi	6.46	4.05	4.72
砂栖狼绵鳚 Lycodes palearis	1.46	1.02	1.29
半裸狼绵鳚 Lycodes seminudus	5.02	4.03	5.04

物种 Species	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P
A	1.21	1.67	19.51	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
B		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
C			21.35	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
D				-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	12.01	9.49	-	5.31
E					8.14	-	23.95	24.77	6.31	19.31	29.90	-	-	11.79	-
F						-	-	23.30	9.31	21.66	-	-	-	13.84	-
G							-	-	-	-	-	25.46	-	-	16.88
H								7.96	7.41	3.58	8.73	-	-	23.38	-
I									7.93	48.98	1.43	-	-	13.72	-
J										15.96	-	-	1.50	17.49	-
K											-	-	9.76	13.52	-
L												-	-	-	-
M													24.59	-	20.68
N														-	25.74
O															-