Threats faced by native fishes in tropical coastal cities: A case study of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China

doi:10.17520/biods.2024165

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The tropical coastal regions have very unique fish diversity, and these coastal regions are also becoming the hotspots of the significant urbanization. Sanya City, located in the south of Hainan Island, is a typical tropical coastal city with the Sanyahe River as its main river system. This study aims to provide an overview of the current fish diversity in Sanya City.

Methods: Two field collection journeys were conducted throughout Sanyahe River system in May (dry season) and July (rainy season) of 2022. Additionally, long-term monitoring was carried out at nine monitoring stations across different sections of the river from March to July in the same year. Relevant historical literature and the voucher records from ichthyologic collections of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, were also integrated. Three α diversity indices (Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index) were used to assess the diversity across different habitat, river sections, and seasons.

Results: There were 133 fish species distributed in Sanya City, 120 of which were native. The brackish zone had the most abundant fish species. Among the four main tributaries of the Sanyahe River, the Tangtashui River and the Liuluoshui River had a higher fish diversity. The mangrove brackish habitat, the four reservoirs, and their downsteam areas, which were closely located with the dense urban residence, had a higher proportion on individual number of exotic species. Estuary and upper stream habitats had a lower proportion of exotic species, both in terms of individual numbers and species.

Conclusions: Exotic species are currently the main threat to fish diversity in Sanya City. Based on the results of this study, the conservation of native fish diversity in Sanya City should primarily focus on preventing and controlling exotic and invasive fish species. This should be followed by the restoration of various types of wetlands, controlling non-point and point source pollution, and coordinating the ecological flow of the local reservoirs.

Key words: α diversity, estuary, exotic species, fishes in urban, mangrove

Zhixian Sun, Chen Tian, Xin Wang, Yutian Fang, Bo Li, Yahui Zhao. Threats faced by native fishes in tropical coastal cities: A case study of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(8): 24165.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024165

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I8/24165

Figures/Tables 11

References 44

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	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
海鲢目 Elopiformes	1	0.8
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	3	2.3
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	1	0.8
鲤形目 Cypriniformes	19	14.3
鲇形目 Siluriformes	6	4.5
脂鲤目 Characiformes	1	0.8
鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes	1	0.8
鲻形目 Mugiliformes	4	3.0
颌针目 Beloniformes	3	2.3
合鳃目 Synbranchiformes	1	0.8
鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	2	1.5
鲈形目 Perciformes	85	63.9
鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	3	2.3
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	2.3
总计 Total	133	100.0

	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
海鲢目 Elopiformes	1	0.8
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	3	2.3
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	1	0.8
鲤形目 Cypriniformes	19	14.3
鲇形目 Siluriformes	6	4.5
脂鲤目 Characiformes	1	0.8
鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes	1	0.8
鲻形目 Mugiliformes	4	3.0
颌针目 Beloniformes	3	2.3
合鳃目 Synbranchiformes	1	0.8
鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	2	1.5
鲈形目 Perciformes	85	63.9
鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	3	2.3
鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	2.3
总计 Total	133	100.0

	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
濒危 Endangered	2	1.7
易危 Vulnerable	1	0.8
近危 Near Threatened	2	1.7
无危 Least Concern	75	62.5
数据缺乏 Data Deficient	6	5.0
未评估 Not Evaluated	34	28.3
总计 Total	120	100.0

	物种数 No. of species	占比 Percentage (%)
濒危 Endangered	2	1.7
易危 Vulnerable	1	0.8
近危 Near Threatened	2	1.7
无危 Least Concern	75	62.5
数据缺乏 Data Deficient	6	5.0
未评估 Not Evaluated	34	28.3
总计 Total	120	100.0

物种 Species	汤他水 Tangtashui River	六罗水 Liuluoshui River	半岭水 Banlingshui River	草蓬水 Caopengshui River	淡水生境 Freshwater habitat	咸淡水生境 Brackish habitat
条纹小鲃 Puntius semifasciolatus	+	+	+++	+	+	-
海南似鱎 Toxabramis houdemeri	+	+++	++++	+	+++	-
真吻虾虎鱼 Rhinogobius similis	+	+	-	++	+	-
云斑尖塘鳢 Oxyeleotris marmorata^*	++	++	++	+	+	+
花身副丽鱼 Parachromis managuensis^*	+	++++	+	++++	+	-
双斑伴丽鱼 Hemichromis bimaculatus^*	++++	-	-	-	++++	-
齐氏罗非鱼 Coptodon zillii^*	+++	-	-	-	++	++++
莫桑比克口孵非鲫 Oreochromis mossambicus^*	-	-	-	-	-	+++
尼罗口孵非鲫 Oreochromis niloticus^*	-	+	-	+++	+	+
伽利略帚齿非鲫 Sarotherodon galilaeus^*	-	-	-	-	-	++