Phenotypic plasticity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to shading: introduced vs. native populations

doi:10.17520/biods.2014065

Abstract

Abstract:

It is still debated whether invasive plants have superior functional traits or the ability to display increased phenotypic plasticity in the introduced area. We conducted common garden experiments using five native populations and five invasive populations of Alternanthera philoxeroides to look for differences in phenotypic plasticity in response to shading of functional traits between introduced and native populations. We found both native and introduced plants showed significant phenotypic plasticity in response to shading, including reduction of biomass, root / shoot ratio (RSR) and branch biomass fraction (BBF), and increasing in specific stem length (SSL) and specific leaf area (SLA). The introduced populations (from the USA) showed higher plasticity in response to shading than the native Argentina population in traits such as RSR, BBF and SSL. Introduced plants also show significant reductions in RSR (-20.8%), BBF (-54.6%), SSL (-18.5%) and SLA (-8.8%). Our results suggest that A. philoxeroides has evolved a lower plastic response to shading in its introduced range, which might contribute to the establishment of dense populations with high persistence and resistance to colonization by sympatric native species.

Key words: biological invasion, phenotypic plasticity, light intensity, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), specific stem length (SSL)

Ziyan Zhang, Zhijie Zhang, Xiaoyun Pan. Phenotypic plasticity of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to shading: introduced vs. native populations[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2015, 23(1): 18-22.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1 ANOVA of the effect of continental origin, population, and shading on total biomass, root/shoot ratio (RSR), branch biomass fraction (BBF), specific stem length (SSL) and specific leaf areas (SLA) of Alternanthera philoxeroides

参数 Source of variation	总生物量 Total biomass		根冠比 RSR		分枝生物量比 BBF		比茎长 SSL		比叶面积 SLA
参数 Source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
来源地 Origin	1.05	0.309	12.87	0.001	31.60	<0.001	25.40	<0.001	6.69	0.012
种群 Population	1.23	0.301	1.59	0.149	1.99	0.064	2.84	0.010	1.33	0.247
光照 Shading	408.82	<0.001	216.62	<0.001	35.41	<0.001	624.00	<0.001	125.16	<0.001
来源地×光照 Origin×shading	2.51	0.119	7.50	0.008	4.66	0.035	5.81	0.019	2.304	0.135
种群×光照 Population×shading	0.48	0.863	1.02	0.435	0.53	0.829	2.07	0.054	1.20	0.314

Fig. 1 The effects of light level (control and shading) on total biomass (a), root shoot ratio (b), branch biomass fraction (c), specific stem length (d), and specific leaf area (e) (mean ± S.E.) of Alternanthera philoxeroides from native (Argentina) and introduced (America) ranges. * Significant differences between regions (P<0.05).

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