Biodiv Sci ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 1177-1188. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016162
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
Wei Wang, Lijuan Xin, Jinhong Du, Bing Chen, Fangzheng Liu, Libo Zhang, Junsheng Li*()
Received:
2016-06-20
Accepted:
2016-10-09
Online:
2016-10-20
Published:
2016-11-10
Contact:
Li Junsheng
Wei Wang, Lijuan Xin, Jinhong Du, Bing Chen, Fangzheng Liu, Libo Zhang, Junsheng Li. Evaluating conservation effectiveness of protected areas: advances and new perspectives[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(10): 1177-1188.
Fig. 2 Effectiveness assessment of protected areas. (a) Direct inside-outside comparison; (b) “matching” analysis. (A1 and B1 are protected areas, A2 and B2 are surrounding areas outside of the protected areas, A3 and B3 are wider landscape outside of the protected areas.
23 | Gibbes C, Southworth J, Keys E (2009) Wetland conservation: change and fragmentation in Trinidad’s protected areas. Geoforum, 40, 91-104. |
24 | Gray CL, Hill SL, Newbold T, Hudson LN, Borger L, Contu S, Hoskins AJ, Ferrier S, Purvis A, Scharlemann JP (2016) Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide. Nature Communications, 7, 12306. |
25 | Gu YK, Xie ZS, Su ZY, Chen BG, Zhou DZ, Tan RJ, Lin SH, Li BQ (2002) Preliminary evaluation of the forest rehabilitation of the masson pine community in the Baiyunshan National Scenic Spot, Guangzhou. Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology, 18(4), 11-17. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[古炎坤, 谢正生, 苏志尧, 陈北光, 周大珠, 谭瑞金, 林书豪, 李炳球 (2002) 广州白云山国家级风景名胜区马尾松林分改造效果的初步评价. 广东林业科技, 18(4), 11-17.] | |
26 | Guan B, Cui GF, Piao ZJ (2012) A review of assessment of wildlife conservation effectiveness in nature reserve. World Forestry Research, 25(6), 40-45. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[关博, 崔国发, 朴正吉 (2012) 自然保护区野生动物保护成效评价研究综述. 世界林业研究, 25(6), 40-45.] | |
27 | Hockings M (2000) Evaluating Protected Area Management: A Review of System for Assessing Management Effectiveness of Protected Areas. Lawes, University of Queensland, Australia. |
28 | Huang ZH, Liu NF, Zhang LX, Long J, Liu CB (2005) Change of ungulate species resource in Gansu Yanchiwan Natural Reserve. Journal of Economic Animal, 9, 246-248. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[黄族豪, 刘迺发, 张立勋, 龙进, 刘重斌 (2005) 甘肃盐池湾自然保护区有蹄类动物资源变化. 经济动物学报, 9, 246-248.] | |
29 | Jiang ZG, Li LL, Luo ZH, Tang SH, Li CW, Hu HJ, Ma Y, Wu Y, Wang YX, Zhou KY, Liu SY, Feng ZJ, Cai L, Zang CX, Zeng Y, Meng ZB, Ping XG, Fang HX (2016) Evaluating the status of China’s mammals and analyzing their causes of endangerment through the red list assessment. Biodiversity Science, 24, 552-567. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[蒋志刚, 李立立, 罗振华, 汤宋华, 李春旺, 胡慧建, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 周开亚, 刘少英, 冯祚建, 蔡蕾, 臧春鑫, 曾岩, 孟智斌, 平晓鸽, 方红霞 (2016) 通过红色名录评估研究中国哺乳动物受威胁现状及其原因. 生物多样性, 24, 552-567.] | |
30 | Jiang ZG, Ma KP, Han XG (1997) Conservation Biology. Zhejiang Science & Technology Press, Hangzhou. (in Chinese) |
[蒋志刚, 马克平, 韩兴国 (1997) 保护生物学. 浙江科学技术出版社, 杭州.] | |
31 | Jin YC, Luo JW, Zhu YP, Xin LJ, Diao ZY, Chen B, Wang W (2015) Assessment of effectiveness of wetland conservation in Huihe National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. Research of Environmental Sciences, 28, 1424-1429. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[靳勇超, 罗建武, 朱彦鹏, 辛利娟, 刁兆岩, 陈冰, 王伟 (2015) 内蒙古辉河国家级自然保护区湿地保护成效. 环境科学研究, 28, 1424-1429.] | |
32 | Joppa LN, Pfaff A (2009) High and far: biases in the location of protected areas. PLoS ONE, 4, e8273. |
33 | Joppa LN, Pfaff A (2010) Reassessing the forest impacts of protection: the challenge of nonrandom location and a corrective method. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1185, 135-149. |
34 | Joppa LN, Pfaff A (2011) Global protected area impacts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278, 1633-1638. |
35 | Kleinbauer I, Dullinger S, Peterseil J, Essl F (2010) Climate change might drive the invasive tree Robinia pseudacacia into nature reserves and endangered habitats. Biological Conservation, 143, 382-390. |
36 | Kram M, Bedford C, Durnin M, Luo Y, Rokpelnis K, Roth B, Smith N, Wang Y, Yu G, Yu Q, Zhao X (2012) Protecting China’s Biodiversity: A Guide to Land Use, Land Tenure, and Land Protection Tools. The Nature Conservancy, Beijing. |
37 | Leibenath M, Rientjes S, Lintz G, Klbe-Weber C, Walz U (2005) Crossing Borders: Natura 2000 in the Light of EU Enlargement. European Centre for Nature Conservation, Tilburg, The Netherlands, and Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development, Dresden, Germany. |
38 | Li JS, Wang W, Axmacher JC, Zhang YY, Zhu YP (2016) Streamlining China’s protected areas. Science, 351, 1160. |
39 | Li LH, Zhang HG, Shi AQ, Li DL (2013) Study on wetland landscape pattern change in the Ximen Island Marine Special Protected Area based on RS and GIS. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 28(1), 129-136. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[李利红, 张华国, 史爱琴, 厉冬玲 (2013) 基于RS/GIS的西门岛海洋特别保护区滩涂湿地景观格局变化分析. 遥感技术与应用, 28(1), 129-136.] | |
40 | Liira J, Issak M, Jõgar Ü, Mändoja M, Zobel M (2009) Restoration management of a floodplain meadow and its cost-effectiveness: the results of a 6-year experiment. Annales Botanici Fennici, 46, 397-408. |
41 | Linkie M, Smith RJ, Leader-Williams N (2004) Mapping and predicting deforestation patterns in the lowlands of Sumatra. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13, 1809-1818. |
42 | Linkie M, Smith RJ, Zhu Y, Martyr DJ, Suedmeyer B, Pramono J, Leader-Williams N (2008) Evaluating biodiversity conservation around a large Sumatran protected area. Conservation Biology, 22, 683-690. |
1 | Andam KS, Ferraro PJ, Pfaff A, Sanchez-Azofeifa GA, Robalino JA (2008) Measuring the effectiveness of protected areas networks in reducing deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 16089-16094. |
2 | Bawa KS, Koh LP, Lee TM, Liu JG, Ramakrishnan PS, Yu DW, Zhang YP, Raven PH (2010) China, India, and the environment. Science, 327, 1457-1458. |
43 | Liu FZ, Zhang JL, Wang L, Yang ZW, Cui GF (2016) Vegetation growth and conservation efficacy assessment in the southern part of the Gansu Anxi National Nature Reserve in Hyper-arid Desert. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36, 1582-1590. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[刘方正, 张建亮, 王亮, 杨增武, 崔国发 (2016) 甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片植被长势与保护成效. 生态学报, 36, 1582-1590.] | |
3 | Biondi E, Casavecchia S, Pesaresi S, Zivkovic L (2012) Natura 2000 and the Pan-European Ecological Network: a new methodology for data integration. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 1741-1754. |
4 | Borrini-Feyerabend G, Dudley N, Jaeger T, Lassen B, Broome NP, Phillips A, Sandwith T (2013) Governance of Protected Areas: from Understanding to Action. IUCN, Switzerland. |
44 | Liu J, Linderman M, Ouyang Z, An L, Yang J, Zhang H (2001) Ecological degradation in protected areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas. Science, 292, 98-101. |
45 | Liu Y, Yuan X, Li JW, Li JQ (2008) Assessing management effectiveness and setting priorities for nature reserves in Beijing. Forest Resources Management, (4), 58-63. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
5 | Bruner AG (2001) Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science, 291, 125-128. |
6 | Canadell JG, Pataki DE, Pitelka LF (2007) Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. |
45 | [刘义, 袁秀, 李景文, 李俊清 (2008) 北京市自然保护区管理有效性评估及优先性确定. 林业资源管理, (4), 58-63.] |
46 | Lu CY, Wang ZM, Liu MY, Ouyang L, Jia MM, Mao DH (2015) Analysis of conservation effectiveness of wetland protected areas based on remote sensing in West Songnen Plain. China Environmental Science, 35, 599-609. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
7 | Caro T, Gardner TA, Stoner C, Fitzherbert E, Davenport TRB (2009) Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas: paradoxes call for pluralism in evaluating conservation performance. Diversity and Distributions, 15, 178-182. |
8 | Coetzee BW, Gaston KJ, Chown SL (2014) Local scale comparisons of biodiversity as a test for global protected area ecological performance: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9, e105824. |
46 | [路春燕, 王宗明, 刘明月, 欧阳玲, 贾明明, 毛德华 (2015) 松嫩平原西部湿地自然保护区保护有效性遥感分析. 中国环境科学, 35, 599-609.] |
47 | Luan XF (2011) A Course of Nature Reserve Management. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
9 | Craigie ID, Baillie JEM, Balmford A, Carbone C, Collen B, Green RE, Hutton JM (2010) Large mammal population declines in Africa’s protected areas. Biological Conservation, 143, 2221-2228. |
10 | Cyranoski D (2008) Visions of China. Nature, 454, 384-387. |
47 | [栾晓峰 (2016) 自然保护区管理教程. 中国林业出版社, 北京.] |
48 | Ma KP (2016) On key issues and possible solutions related to nature reserve management in China. Biodiversity Science, 24, 249-251. (in Chinese) |
11 | D’Amen M, Bombi P, Pearman PB, Schmatz DR, Zimmermann NE, Bologna MA (2011) Will climate change reduce the efficacy of protected areas for amphibian conservation in Italy? Biological Conservation, 144, 989-997. |
12 | Davey AG (1998) National System Planning for Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge. |
13 | Dudley N (translated by Zhu CQ, Ouyang ZY) (2015) Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[朱春全, 欧阳志云 (译) (2015) IUCN自然保护地管理分类应用指南. 中国林业出版社, 北京.] | |
48 | [马克平 (2016) 当前我国自然保护区管理中存在的问题与对策思考. 生物多样性, 24, 249-251.] |
49 | Mas JF (2005) Assessing protected area effectiveness using surrounding (buffer) areas environmentally similar to the target area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 105, 69-80. |
14 | Ervin J (2003) Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM) Methodology. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Switzerland. |
15 | Ewers RM, Rodrigues ASL (2008) Estimates of reserve effectiveness are confounded by leakage. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 113-116. |
50 | Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (2016) China Environmental Status Bulletin2015. . (in Chinese) |
[环境保护部 (2016) 2015中国环境状况公报.. (accessed on 2016-06-02] | |
16 | Forseth IN (2010) Terrestrial biomes. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(10), 11. |
17 | Gaston KJ, Charman K, Jackson SF, Armsworth PR, Bonn A, Briers RA, Callaghan CSQ, Catchpole R, Hopkins J, Kunin WE, Latham J, Opdam P, Stoneman R, Stroud DA, Tratt R (2006) The ecological effectiveness of protected areas: The United Kingdom. Biological Conservation, 132, 76-87. |
51 | Mo YN, Hong XJ (2007) Management effectiveness assessment for Hainan forestry nature reserve. Tropical Forestry, 35(4), 12-16. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[莫燕妮, 洪小江 (2007) 海南省林业系统自然保护区管理有效性评估. 热带林业, 35(4), 12-16.] | |
52 | Nagendra H (2008) Do parks work? Impact of protected areas on land cover clearing. Ambio, 37, 330-337. |
53 | Nagendra H, Lucas R, Honrado JP, Jongmand RHG, Tarantinoe C, Adamoe M, Mairotaf P (2013) Remote sensing for conservation monitoring: assessing protected areas, habitat extent, habitat condition, species diversity, and threats. Ecological Indicators, 33, 45-59. |
18 | Gaston KJ, Jackson SF, Cantú-Salazar L, Cruz-Piñón G (2008) The ecological performance of protected areas. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39, 93-113. |
19 | Gaveau DLA, Wandono H, Setiabudi F (2007) Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: have protected areas halted forest loss and logging, and promoted re-growth? Biological Conservation, 134, 495-504. |
20 | Gaveau DLA, Epting J, Lyne O, Linkie M, Kumara I, Kanninen M, Leader-Williams N (2009) Evaluating whether protected areas reduce tropical deforestation in Sumatra. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 2165-2175. |
54 | Naughton-Treves L, Alix-Garcia J, Chapman CA (2011) Lessons about parks and poverty from a decade of forest loss and economic growth around Kibale National Park, Uganda. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108, 13919-13924. |
55 | Nelson A, Chomitz KM (2011) Effectiveness of strict vs. multiple use protected areas in reducing tropical forest fires: a global analysis using matching methods. PLoS ONE, 6, e22722. |
56 | Nolte C, Agrawal A, Silvius KM, Soares-Filho BS (2013) Governance regime and location influence avoided deforestation success of protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 4956-4961. |
57 | Oliveira PJ, Asner GP, Knapp DE, Almeyda A, Galvan- Gildemeister R, Keene S, Raybin RF, Smith RC (2007) Land-use allocation protects the Peruvian Amazon. Science, 317, 1233-1236. |
58 | Pfaff A, Robalina J, Lima E, Sandoval C, Herrera LD (2014) Governance, location and avoided deforestation from protected areas: greater restrictions can have lower impact, due to differences in location. World Development, 55, 7-20. |
59 | Pfeifer M, Burgess ND, Swetnam RD, Platts PJ, Willcock S, Marchant R (2012) Protected areas: mixed success in conserving East Africa’s evergreen forests. PLoS ONE, 7, e39337. |
60 | Qi W, Bai WQ, Zhang YL, Wu X, Li LH, Ding MJ, Zhou CP (2016) Effects of ecological engineering on net primary production in the Chang Tang and Sanjiangyuan national nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 24, 127-135. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[祁威, 摆万奇, 张镱锂, 吴雪, 李兰晖, 丁明军, 周才平 (2016) 生态工程实施对羌塘和三江源国家级自然保护区植被净初级生产力的影响. 生物多样性, 24, 127-135.] | |
61 | Quan J, Ouyang ZY, Xu WH, Miao H (2009) Management effectiveness of China nature reserves: status quo assessment and counter measures. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 1739-1746. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[权佳, 欧阳志云, 徐卫华, 苗鸿 (2009) 中国自然保护区管理有效性的现状评价与对策. 应用生态学报, 20, 1739-1746.] | |
62 | Ren CY, Zhang B, Zhang SQ, Wang ZM, Song KS, Yang J (2007) Effects of wetland protection and influential factors in Xianghai Nature Reserve. Resources Science, 29(6), 75-82. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[任春颖, 张柏, 张树清, 王宗明, 宋开山, 杨军 (2007) 向海自然保护区湿地资源保护有效性及其影响因素分析. 资源科学, 29(6), 75-82.] | |
63 | Ren GP, Young SS, Wang L, Wang W, Long YC, Wu RD, Li JS, Zhu JG, Yu DW (2015) Effectiveness of China’s National Forest Protection Program and nature reserves. Conservation Biology, 5, 1368-1377. |
64 | Rogers J (2011) The Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Central Africa: A Remotely Sensed Measure of Deforestation and Access. PhD Dissertation, Columbia University, New York. |
65 | Sanchez-Azofeifa GA, Rivard B, Calvo J, Moorthy I (2002) Dynamics of tropical deforestation around national parks: remote sensing of forest change on the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica. Mountain Research and Development, 22, 352-358. |
66 | Sandberger-Loua L, Doumbia J, Rödel M (2016) Conserving the unique to save the diverse—identifying key environmental determinants for the persistence of the viviparous Nimba toad in a West African World Heritage Site. Biological Conservation, 198, 15-21. |
67 | Sandwith T, Shine C, Hamilton L, Sheppard D (2001) Transboundary Protected Areas for Peace and Co-operation. The Lavenham Press Ltd., Lavenham, UK. |
68 | Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2014) Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Montreal, Canada. |
69 | Shao JB, Zhao WC, Xie ZF, Duan WD, Zhang QQ, Lin JW (2012) Population status of Takin Budorcas taxicolor and threat assessment at Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 33(2), 55-58. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[邵建斌, 赵文超, 解振锋, 段文东, 张奇奇, 蔺俊武 (2012) 牛背梁国家级自然保护区羚牛种群状况及濒危原因分析. 野生动物, 33(2), 55-58.] | |
70 | Shen GZ, Pimm SL, Feng C, Ren G, Liu Y, Xu W, Li J, Si X, Xie ZQ (2015) Climate change challenges the current conservation strategy for the giant panda. Biological Conservation, 190, 43-50. |
71 | Songer M, Aung M, Senior B, DeFries R, Leimgruber P (2009) Spatial and temporal deforestation dynamics in protected and unprotected dry forests: a case study from Myammer (Burma). Biodiversity and Conservation, 18, 1001-1018. |
72 | Stolton S, Hockings M, Dudley N, MacKinnon K, Whitten T (2003) Reporting Progress in Protected Areas: A Site-Level Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool.. (accessed on 2016- 08-12 |
73 | Stoner C, Caro T, Mduma S, Mlingwa C, Sabuni G, Borner M (2007) Assessment of effectiveness of protection strategies in Tanzania based on a decade of survey data for large herbivores. Conservation Biology, 21, 635-646. |
74 | Tang Z, Fang J, Sun J, Gaston KJ (2011) Effectiveness of protected areas in maintaining plant production. PLoS ONE, 6, e19116. |
75 | The State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China(2008) Technical Regulations for the Management Effectiveness Evaluation of Nature Reserves. China Standard Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[国家林业局(2008) 自然保护区有效管理评价技术规范. 中国标准出版社, 北京.] | |
76 | The State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China(2014a) Technical Guidelines for Assessing Conservation Efficiency of Nature Reserves—Part 1: Wild Plant Conservation. China Standard Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[国家林业局(2014a) 自然保护区保护成效评估技术导则第1部分: 野生植物保护. 中国标准出版社, 北京.] | |
77 | The State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China(2014b) Technical Guidelines for Assessing Conservation Efficiency of Nature Reserves—Part 2: Vegetation Conservation. China Standard Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[国家林业局(2014b) 自然保护区保护成效评估技术导则第2部分: 植被保护. 中国标准出版社, 北京.] | |
78 | The State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China(2014c) Technical Guidelines for Assessing Conservation Efficiency of Nature Reserves—Part 3: Landscape Conservation. China Standard Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[国家林业局(2014c) 自然保护区保护成效评估技术导则第3部分: 景观保护. 中国标准出版社, 北京.] | |
79 | The State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China(2014d) Technical Guidelines for Assessing Conservation Efficiency of Nature Reserves—Part 4: Wildlife Conservation. China Standard Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[国家林业局(2014d) 自然保护区保护成效评估技术导则第4部分: 野生动物保护. 中国标准出版社, 北京.] | |
80 | Timko J, Satterfield T (2008) Criteria and indicators for evaluating social equity and ecological integrity in national parks and protected areas. Natural Areas Journal, 28, 307-319. |
81 | Timko JA, Innes JL (2009) Evaluating ecological integrity in national parks: case studies from Canada and South Africa. Biological Conservation, 142, 676-688. |
82 | UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN (2012) Managing Natural World Heritage. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, France. |
83 | van Aarde RJ, Fairall N (2002) Restoration of the Tembe-Futi-Maputo Coastal Plains Elephant Population: Annual Report to US Fish & Wildlife Service 2001/2002. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. |
84 | Wang H, Lü Z, Gu L, Wen C (2015) Observations of China’s forest change (2000-2013) based on Global Forest Watch dataset. Biodiversity Science, 23, 575-582. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[王昊, 吕植, 顾垒, 闻丞 (2015) 基于Global Forest Watch观察2000-2013年间中国森林变化. 生物多样性, 23, 575-582.] | |
85 | Wang Q, Wu L, Lun XW, Wang GJ (2005) Research on efficient management of protected areas in Jilin Province. Journal of Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 22(1), 24-26. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[王琪, 吴磊, 伦小文, 王桂君 (2005) 吉林省自然保护区的管理有效性研究. 吉林化工学院学报, 22(1), 24-26.] | |
86 | Wang W, Pechacek P, Zhang MX, Xiao NW, Zhu JG, Li JS (2013) Effectiveness of nature reserve system for conserving tropical forests: a statistical evaluation of Hainan Island, China. PLoS ONE, 8, e57561. |
87 | Wang W, Tian Y, Chang M, Li JS (2014) A review of transboundary protected areas network establishment. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 1391-1400. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[王伟, 田瑜, 常明, 李俊生 (2014) 跨界保护区网络构建研究进展. 生态学报, 34, 1391-1400.] | |
88 | Western D, Russell S, Cuthill I (2009) The status of wildlife in protected areas compared to non-protected areas of Kenya. PLoS ONE, 4, e6140. |
89 | Woinarski J, Green J, Fisher A, Ensbey M, Mackey B (2013) The effectiveness of conservation reserves: land tenure impacts upon biodiversity across extensive natural landscapes in the tropical savannahs of the northern territory, Australia. Land, 2, 20-36. |
90 | Wu HJ, Huang Y, Dan XQ, Zhong YD, Shu Y, Liu YJ (2014) System of evaluation indicators of construction effect of national wetland park and its application: a case of Qianlong Lake National Wetland Park in Hunan Province. Wetland Science, 12, 638-645. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[吴后建, 黄琰, 但新球, 钟永德, 舒勇, 刘扬晶 (2014) 国家湿地公园建设成效评价指标体系及其应用: 以湖南千龙湖国家湿地公园为例. 湿地科学, 12, 638-645.] | |
91 | Xie ZH, Xu YX (2003) Evaluation of management effectiveness of the nature reserves from Hunan Province. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology, 30(2), 7-10. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[谢志红, 徐永新 (2003) 湖南省自然保护区管理有效性评价. 湖南林业科技, 30(2), 7-10.] | |
92 | Xin LJ, Wang W, Jin YC, Diao ZY, Li JS (2014) Indices of ecological effects of grassland nature reserves in China. Pratacultural Science, 31(1), 75-82. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[辛利娟, 王伟, 靳勇超, 刁兆岩, 李俊生 (2014) 全国草地类自然保护区的成效评估指标. 草业科学, 31(1), 75-82.] | |
21 | Geldman J, Barnes M, Coad L, Craigie I, Hocking M, Burgess N (2010) Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Maintaining Biodiversity and Reducing Habitat Loss. CEE Protocol 10-007.. (accessed on 2016-04-20 |
22 | Geldmann J, Barnes M, Coad L, Craigie ID, Hockings M, Burgess ND (2013) Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines. Biological Conservation, 161, 230-238. |
93 | Xin LJ, Zhu YP, Chen B, Jin YC, Luo JW, Wang W (2015a) Effectiveness assessment of Cangshan Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province based on PSR Model. Ecological Economy, 31, 125-128, 141. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[辛利娟, 朱彦鹏, 陈冰, 靳勇超, 罗建武, 王伟 (2015a) 基于PSR模型的云南苍山保护区保护成效研究. 生态经济, 31, 125-128, 141.] | |
94 | Xin LJ, Jin YC, Zhu YP, Luo JW, Wang L, Chen B, Wang W (2015b) Development of effectiveness assessment indicators of desert nature reserve in China: a case study of the Anxi National Nature Reserve. Journal of Desert Research, 35, 1693-1699. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[辛利娟, 靳勇超, 朱彦鹏, 罗建武, 王亮, 陈冰, 王伟 (2015b) 中国荒漠类自然保护区保护成效评估指标及其应用. 中国沙漠, 35, 1693-1699.] | |
95 | Xue DY, Zheng YW (1994) A study on evaluation criteria for effective management of the nature reserves in China. Rural Eco-Environment, 10(2), 6-9. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[薛达元, 郑允文 (1994) 我国自然保护区有效管理评价指标研究. 农村生态环境, 10(2), 6-9.] | |
96 | Yan YY, Yang DD, Deng J, Zhang ZQ, Zhou XY, Wang W, Li JS (2015) Construction of an indicator system for evaluating the protection efficacy of national nature reserves in China: a case study on terrestrial vertebrates (excluding migratory birds). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26, 1571-1578. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[晏玉莹, 杨道德, 邓娇, 张志强, 周先雁, 王伟, 李俊生 (2015) 国家级自然保护区保护成效评估指标体系构建——以陆生脊椎动物(除候鸟外)类型为例. 应用生态学报, 26, 1571-1578.] | |
97 | Yang DD, Deng J, Zhou XY, Zhang ZQ, Yan YY, Zhang H, He YB, Wang W, Li JS (2015) Construction of an indicator system and a case study of protection efficacy evaluation of China’s national nature reserves for migratory birds. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35, 1891-1898. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[杨道德, 邓娇, 周先雁, 张志强, 晏玉莹, 张鸿, 何玉邦, 王伟, 李俊生 (2015) 候鸟类型国家级自然保护区保护成效评估指标体系构建与案例研究. 生态学报, 35, 1891-1898.] | |
98 | Young JE, Sánchez-Azofeifa GA, Hannon SJ, Chapman R (2006) Trends in land cover change and isolation of protected areas at the interface of the southern boreal mixedwood and aspen parkland in Alberta, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management, 230, 151-161. |
99 | Yu XL, Zhou XY, Cai L (2015) Protection effectiveness evaluation of wild plants types nature reserves in China. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 35(3), 32-35, 52. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[喻勋林, 周先雁, 蔡磊 (2015) 野生植物类型自然保护区保护成效评估. 中南林业科技大学学报, 35(3), 32-35, 52.] | |
100 | Zhang YL, Hu ZJ, Qi W, Wu X, Bai WQ, Li LH, Ding MJ, Liu LS, Wang ZF, Zheng D (2015) Assessment of protection effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large-sample-comparison method. Acta Geographica Sinica, 70, 1027-1040. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[张镱锂, 胡忠俊, 祁威, 吴雪, 摆万奇, 李兰晖, 丁明军, 刘林山, 王兆锋, 郑度 (2015) 基于NPP数据和样区对比法的青藏高原自然保护区保护成效分析. 地理学报, 70, 1027-1040.] | |
101 | Zheng YM, Zhang HY, Niu ZG, Gong P (2012) Protection efficacy of national wetland reserves in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57, 207-230. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[郑姚闽, 张海英, 牛振国, 宫鹏 (2012) 中国国家级湿地自然保护区保护成效初步评估. 科学通报, 57, 207-230.] |
[1] | Yihui Jiang, Yue Liu, Xu Zeng, Zheying Lin, Nan Wang, Jihao Peng, Ling Cao, Cong Zeng. Fish diversity and connectivity in six national marine protected areas in the East China Sea [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(6): 24128-. |
[2] | Yu Tian, Junsheng Li. Analysis of the connotation and implementation path for the 30 by 30 target in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(6): 24086-. |
[3] | Biyu Ma. Summary of amendments to India’s Biological Diversity Act and enlightenments for improving China’s legal system of biodiversity conservation [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(5): 23412-. |
[4] | Yingli Cai, Hongge Zhu, Jiaxin Li. Biodiversity conservation in China: Policy evolution, main measures and development trends [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(5): 23386-. |
[5] | Yanyu Ai, Haixia Hu, Ting Shen, Yuxuan Mo, Jinhua Qi, Liang Song. Vascular epiphyte diversity and the correlation analysis with host tree characteristics: A case in a mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest, Ailao Mountains [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(5): 24072-. |
[6] | Dekui Yan. Common elements, deficiencies, and optimization suggestions of biodiversity conservation policies in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(5): 23293-. |
[7] | Fuwei Zhao, Yingshuo Li, Hui Chen. Reflections on biodiversity legislation in China’s new era [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(5): 24027-. |
[8] | Jingzhou Liu, Yixin Qian, Yanxuedan Zhang, Feng Cui. Research progress and implications of flagship species paradigms based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(4): 23439-. |
[9] | Lejie Wu, Zekang Liu, Xing Tian, Qun Zhang, Bo Li, Jihua Wu. Effects of genotypic diversity on vegetative growth and reproductive strategies of Scirpus mariqueter population [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(4): 23478-. |
[10] | Xuemeng Li, Jibao Jiang, Zenglu Zhang, Xiaojing Liu, Yali Wang, Yizhao Wu, Yinsheng Li, Jiangping Qiu, Qi Zhao. Earthworm biodiversity and its influencing factors in Baotianman National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(4): 23352-. |
[11] | Qifan Wang, Xiaohui Liu, Ziwei Zhu, Lei Liu, Xinxue Wang, Xuyang Ji, Shaochun Zhou, Zidong Zhang, Hongyu Dong, Minghai Zhang. Mammal and avian diversity in Beijicun National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(4): 24024-. |
[12] | Cao Hao, Donghui Wu, Lingzi Mo, Guoliang Xu. A review on gut microbial diversity and function of overwintering animals [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(3): 23407-. |
[13] | Haiou Liu, Leshan Du, Wenhui Liu, Ziyuan Li, Libo Pan, Lei Liu. Analysis and enlightenment on Global Biodiversity Framework Fund management policy [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(3): 23334-. |
[14] | Jiaxin Wei, Zhiguo Jiang, Linsen Yang, Huanhuan Xiong, Jiaojiao Jin, Fanglin Luo, Jiehua Li, Hao Wu, Yaozhan Xu, Xiujuan Qiao, Xinzeng Wei, Hui Yao, Huiliang Yu, Jingyuan Yang, Mingxi Jiang. Community composition and structure in a 25 ha mid-subtropical mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Shennongjia, Hubei, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(3): 23338-. |
[15] | He Zhirong, Wu Siyu, Shi Yingying, Wang Yuting, Jiang Yixin, Zhang Chunna, Zhao Na, Wang Supen. Current status and challenges on the effects of chytrid infection on amphibian populations [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(2): 23274-. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 Biodiversity Science
Editorial Office of Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
Tel: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn