Biodiv Sci ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 25487. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025487 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025487
• Bioinventories • Previous Articles Next Articles
Junce Liang1,2, Kaizhi Li1,3,*(
)(
), Yehui Tan1,2()
Received:2025-12-06
Accepted:2026-02-14
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-07-01
Contact:
Kaizhi Li
Supported by:Junce Liang, Kaizhi Li, Yehui Tan. Species diversity and distribution of pteropods in the South China Sea[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2026, 34(5): 25487.
| 航次名称 Cruise | 采样日期 Sampling date | 调查海域 Surveyed sea area | 站位水深 Station water depth | 采样方式 Sampling method | 网目孔径 Mesh size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 南海北部岛礁航次 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise | 2022.05.22-06.12 | 南海中西部及南海北部自粤东沿岸至台湾海峡南部的岛礁邻近水域(简称南海北部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the central-western and northern South China Sea, from the eastern Guangdong coast to the southern Taiwan Strait (abbreviated as northern South China Sea islands and reefs) | 大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m | 水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m) | 160 μm |
| 南海南部岛礁航次 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise | 2023.05.22-06.13 | 南海西部及南沙群岛周边岛礁海域(简称南海南部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the western South China Sea and around the Nansha Islands (abbreviated as southern South China Sea islands and reefs) | 大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m | 水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m) | 500 μm |
| 珠江口-南海西部共 享航次 Pearl River Estuary- western South China Sea cruise | 2023.10.05-10.28 | 珠江口、南海西北部陆架至西沙群岛海区(简称珠江口-南海西部陆架) Pearl River Estuary, northwestern South China Sea continental shelf to the Xisha Islands area (abbreviated as Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf) | 从陆架区不足100 m 延伸至大洋区超过 1,000 m Ranging from less than 100 m on the shelf to over 1,000 m in the oceanic zone | 垂直拖网(水深 > 200 m时, 从200 m拖至表层; 水深 < 200 m时, 从底至表层) Vertical trawl (from 200 m depth to surface when water depth > 200 m; from bottom to surface when water depth < 200 m) | 300 μm |
| 南海东北部-吕宋海 峡航次 Northeastern South China Sea-Luzon Strait cruise | 2022.09.05-09.24 | 南海中东部及巴士海峡以西海盆区域(简称南海东北部海盆) Central-eastern South China Sea and the basin area west of the Bashi Channel (abbreviated as northeastern South China Sea basin) | 所有站位水深均超过 1,000 m All stations deeper than 1,000 m | 垂直连续分层拖网 Vertical stratified trawl (0- 25 m, 25-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, 400-600 m, 600-800 m, 800-1,000 m) | 300 μm |
Table 1 Information of cruises and the surveyed sea areas in this study
| 航次名称 Cruise | 采样日期 Sampling date | 调查海域 Surveyed sea area | 站位水深 Station water depth | 采样方式 Sampling method | 网目孔径 Mesh size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 南海北部岛礁航次 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise | 2022.05.22-06.12 | 南海中西部及南海北部自粤东沿岸至台湾海峡南部的岛礁邻近水域(简称南海北部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the central-western and northern South China Sea, from the eastern Guangdong coast to the southern Taiwan Strait (abbreviated as northern South China Sea islands and reefs) | 大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m | 水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m) | 160 μm |
| 南海南部岛礁航次 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise | 2023.05.22-06.13 | 南海西部及南沙群岛周边岛礁海域(简称南海南部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the western South China Sea and around the Nansha Islands (abbreviated as southern South China Sea islands and reefs) | 大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m | 水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m) | 500 μm |
| 珠江口-南海西部共 享航次 Pearl River Estuary- western South China Sea cruise | 2023.10.05-10.28 | 珠江口、南海西北部陆架至西沙群岛海区(简称珠江口-南海西部陆架) Pearl River Estuary, northwestern South China Sea continental shelf to the Xisha Islands area (abbreviated as Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf) | 从陆架区不足100 m 延伸至大洋区超过 1,000 m Ranging from less than 100 m on the shelf to over 1,000 m in the oceanic zone | 垂直拖网(水深 > 200 m时, 从200 m拖至表层; 水深 < 200 m时, 从底至表层) Vertical trawl (from 200 m depth to surface when water depth > 200 m; from bottom to surface when water depth < 200 m) | 300 μm |
| 南海东北部-吕宋海 峡航次 Northeastern South China Sea-Luzon Strait cruise | 2022.09.05-09.24 | 南海中东部及巴士海峡以西海盆区域(简称南海东北部海盆) Central-eastern South China Sea and the basin area west of the Bashi Channel (abbreviated as northeastern South China Sea basin) | 所有站位水深均超过 1,000 m All stations deeper than 1,000 m | 垂直连续分层拖网 Vertical stratified trawl (0- 25 m, 25-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, 400-600 m, 600-800 m, 800-1,000 m) | 300 μm |
| 生态区 Ecological region | 优势种 Dominant species |
|---|---|
| 南海北部岛礁 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs | 尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis |
| 南海南部岛礁 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs | 尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis |
| 珠江口-南海西部陆架 Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf | 尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis |
| 南海东北部海盆 Northeastern South China Sea basin | 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides |
Table 2 Composition of dominant species of pteropods in each ecological region
| 生态区 Ecological region | 优势种 Dominant species |
|---|---|
| 南海北部岛礁 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs | 尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis |
| 南海南部岛礁 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs | 尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis |
| 珠江口-南海西部陆架 Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf | 尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis |
| 南海东北部海盆 Northeastern South China Sea basin | 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides |
Fig. 1 The morphological structure of Diacavolinia elegans. (a) Dorsal view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Scanning electron micrograph of the dorsal side; (d) Lateral view.
Fig. 2 The morphological structure of Desmopterus gardineri. (a) Ventral view; (b) Apical view; (c) Basal view; (d) Morphological illustration of Desmopterus papilio.
Fig. 3 The morphological structure of Notobranchaea tetrabranchiata. (a) Frontal view; (b) Head; (c) Posterior gill, with numbers indicating the number of crests; (d) Reduced buccal cone; (e) Buccal mass and hook sac; (f) Radula.
Fig. 4 The morphological structure of Cliopsis krohnii. (a) Frontal view; (b) Lateral and posterior footlobe; (c) Posterior gill, numbers indicate the number of crests.
| 水层 Layer (m) | 丰度 Abundance (ind./100 m3) | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值 Average | 最大值 Maximum | 最小值 Minimum | 平均值 Average | 最大值 Maximum | 最小值 Minimum | 平均值 Average | 最大值 Maximum | 最小值 Minimum | |
| 0-25 | 93.58 | 169.23 | 23.08 | 2.00 | 2.74 | 1.46 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.81 |
| 25-50 | 61.27 | 93.33 | 26.67 | 1.93 | 2.45 | 1.15 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.72 |
| 50-100 | 75.70 | 241.94 | 22.58 | 2.11 | 2.99 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.55 |
| 100-200 | 11.04 | 20.69 | 0.00 | 1.47 | 2.16 | 0.00 | 0.76 | 0.95 | 0.00 |
| 200-300 | 5.45 | 29.11 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 1.58 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| 300-400 | 4.32 | 19.67 | 1.18 | 0.60 | 2.22 | 0.00 | 0.36 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| 400-600 | 2.25 | 4.76 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 600-800 | 0.39 | 1.53 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| 800-1,000 | 0.29 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Table 3 Vertical distribution of pteropod abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index in the northeastern South China Sea basin
| 水层 Layer (m) | 丰度 Abundance (ind./100 m3) | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值 Average | 最大值 Maximum | 最小值 Minimum | 平均值 Average | 最大值 Maximum | 最小值 Minimum | 平均值 Average | 最大值 Maximum | 最小值 Minimum | |
| 0-25 | 93.58 | 169.23 | 23.08 | 2.00 | 2.74 | 1.46 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.81 |
| 25-50 | 61.27 | 93.33 | 26.67 | 1.93 | 2.45 | 1.15 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.72 |
| 50-100 | 75.70 | 241.94 | 22.58 | 2.11 | 2.99 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.55 |
| 100-200 | 11.04 | 20.69 | 0.00 | 1.47 | 2.16 | 0.00 | 0.76 | 0.95 | 0.00 |
| 200-300 | 5.45 | 29.11 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 1.58 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| 300-400 | 4.32 | 19.67 | 1.18 | 0.60 | 2.22 | 0.00 | 0.36 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| 400-600 | 2.25 | 4.76 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 600-800 | 0.39 | 1.53 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| 800-1,000 | 0.29 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
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