Evolution of zooplankton taxa composition and biodiversity in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters from 1958 to 2020

doi:10.17520/biods.2024437

Abstract

Abstract:

Background and Aims: The Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters serve as spawning, nursery, and feeding grounds for many important organisms, and are characterized by abundant biological resources and high biodiversity. During recent decades, local environmental conditions and biological community structure have significantly changed under pressures of human activities and climate change. To advance ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin, it is essential to clarify the current status of local biodiversity and its evolution. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed the survey data of 101 voyages from 1958 to 2020, to provide the zooplankton taxa list recorded in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters, compare the inter-decadal variations of zooplankton taxa composition, analyze the inter-annual changes of dominant species and the diversity index.

Progress: The results showed that 185 zooplankton taxa (primarily at the species level) were recorded in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters, including 94 species of Arthropoda, 42 species of Cnidaria, 35 taxa of pelagic larvae, 6 species of Protozoa, 4 species of Urochordata, and 2 species each of Ctenophora and Chaetognatha. Among Arthropoda, there were 41 Copepoda species, 16 Mysida species, 12 Cumacea species, 7 Amphipoda species, 6 Cladocera species, 4 Isopoda species, 3 Decapoda species, 2 Ostracoda species, 2 Euphausiacea species, and 1 Anostraca species. In terms of taxa composition, the first record of Ctenophora species occurred after 2000. The gelatinous zooplankton, such as Cnidaria and Ctenophora, exhibited a trend of decreasing proportions of warm- temperate species and increasing proportions of warm-water species. While miniaturization occurred in Copepoda, with the proportion of small copepods increasing. The dominant species composition of macro- and meso-zooplankton showed a trend towards smaller individuals and an increase in gelatinous species. Additionally, the proportion of pelagic larvae increased. The high abundance of Noctiluca scintillans resulted in a sharp decrease in the Shannon- Wiener diversity index.

Prospects: Future studies will need to consider the impacts of multiple factors on biodiversity, identify key drivers and critical impact processes, and focus on the effects of extreme climate events. Additionally, it is suggested to establish standardized biodiversity monitoring indicators and guidelines, to achieve biodiversity conservation and promote the healthy development of marine ecosystems.

Key words: Yellow River estuary, zooplankton, biodiversity, dominant species, marine survey

Yongqiang Shi, Xiujuan Shan, Jie Zhao, Yinuo Wang, Qingshan Luan, Xiaodong Bian, Yunlong Chen, Xianshi Jin. Evolution of zooplankton taxa composition and biodiversity in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters from 1958 to 2020[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(7): 24437.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024437

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I7/24437

Figures/Tables 7

References 57

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年份 Year	优势种 Dominant species	年份 Year	优势种 Dominant species
2011	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa	2018	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa
2012	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus	2019	球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 锡兰和平水母 Eirene ceylonensis
2013	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica	2020	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa
2014	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus	2021	球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 拟长腹剑水蚤 Oithona similis
2015	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica	2022	拟长腹剑水蚤 Oithona similis 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa
2016	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa	2023	球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa
2017	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa

年份 Year	优势种 Dominant species	年份 Year	优势种 Dominant species
2011	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa	2018	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa
2012	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus	2019	球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 锡兰和平水母 Eirene ceylonensis
2013	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica	2020	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa
2014	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus	2021	球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 拟长腹剑水蚤 Oithona similis
2015	强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa 太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica	2022	拟长腹剑水蚤 Oithona similis 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa
2016	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa	2023	球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa
2017	背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa

年份 Year		季节 Season		航次数 No. of surveys	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	站位数 No. of stations	采样网具类型 Type of sampling nets^#		记录种类数 No. of taxa recorded		文中实际出现的种类数 No. of taxa recorded in the text		数据来源 Source of data
1958-1959		四季 Four seasons		16	118.4°-120.2° E 37.4°-38.3° N	14	大型网、中型网 Large net, medium net		/		16		中华人民共和国科学技术委员会海洋组海洋综合调查办公室, 1961; 中国科学院海洋研究所浮游生物组, 1977
1980-1981		春、夏、秋 Spring, Summer, Autumn		5	118.0°-119.5° E 37.3°-38.5° N	30	中型网 Medium net		45 (仅包括3类浮游幼虫 Only include three taxa pelagic larvae)		18		田家怡和李洪彦, 1985
1984		春、夏、秋 Spring, Summer, Autumn		8	117.9°-119.7° E 37.2°‒38.5° N	44	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		89		89		山东省科学技术委员会, 1991
1996		春、夏、秋 Spring, Summer, Autumn		4	118.0°‒119.5° E 37.2°‒38.4° N	30	大型网、中型网 Large net, medium net		80 (仅包括1类浮游幼虫 Only include one taxa pelagic larvae)		80		焦玉木和田家怡, 1999; 田家怡等, 1999
2004		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	/	/		27		/		张达娟等, 2008
2005		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	/	/		40		/		张达娟等, 2008
2006		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	/	/		43		/		张达娟等, 2008
2005-2010		春、夏 Spring, Summer		11	119.0°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	33	浅水I型 Type I net		62		62		冷宇等, 2013
2006-2007		四季 Four seasons		4	118.3°‒120.0° E 37.2°‒38.5° N	35	浅水I型 Type I net		/		/		杜明敏等, 2013
2007		夏 Summer		1	118.6°‒120.4° E 37.4°‒38.6° N	24	浅水I型 Type I net		72		16		马静等, 2012
2008		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	119.0°‒119.5° E 37.4°‒37.9° N	14	/		31		/		孙栋等, 2010
2008-2009		春 Spring		2	119.0°‒119.5° E 37.4°‒37.9° N	14	浅水I型、浅水III型 Type I net, Type III net		45		39		巩俊霞等, 2010
2009		夏 Summer		1	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.5°‒38.2° N	27	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		92		92		马静, 2011^①; 王文杰, 2011^②; 李浩然等, 2018
2010		秋 Autumn		1	119.0°‒119.7° E 37.4°‒38.2° N	30	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		83		83		马静, 2011^①; 王文杰, 2011^②; 王文杰和刘光兴, 2013; 李浩然等, 2018
2011		春 Spring		1	119.0°‒119.7° E 37.5°‒38.2° N	29	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		56		56		李自尚, 2012^③; 葛汝平等, 2019
2011-2020		夏 Summer		18	119.0°‒119.7° E 37.6°‒38.2° N	18	浅水I型 Type I net		82		23		王秀霞等, 2022a
2012-2013	四季 Four seasons		4		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.4°‒38.2° N	29		浅水II型 Type II net		70	9	董志军等, 2017
2013-2014	春、夏、秋、冬* Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter*		4		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.6°‒38.2° N	18		浅水I型 Type I net		43	18	刘晓慧等, 2017
2013-2014	四季 Four seasons		6		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.6°‒38.2° N	18		浅水I型 Type I net		/	25	Liu et al, 2023
2015-2018	夏 Summer		4		118.3°‒119.5° E 37.3°‒38.3° N	18		浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		/	15	姜磊, 2020^①
2015-2020	夏 Summer		6		118.6°‒119.7° E 37.3°‒38.4° N	10		浅水I型 Type I net		52	5	张翔和李愫, 2022
2019-2020	四季 Four seasons		6		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	20		浅水II型 Type II net		16 (仅统计浮游幼虫 Only include pelagic larvae)	16	左涛等, 2022
2020	夏* Summer*		3		119.1°‒119.7° E 37.3°‒38.2° N	23		浅水I型 Type I net		34	11	王秀霞等, 2022b

年份 Year		季节 Season		航次数 No. of surveys	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	站位数 No. of stations	采样网具类型 Type of sampling nets^#		记录种类数 No. of taxa recorded		文中实际出现的种类数 No. of taxa recorded in the text		数据来源 Source of data
1958-1959		四季 Four seasons		16	118.4°-120.2° E 37.4°-38.3° N	14	大型网、中型网 Large net, medium net		/		16		中华人民共和国科学技术委员会海洋组海洋综合调查办公室, 1961; 中国科学院海洋研究所浮游生物组, 1977
1980-1981		春、夏、秋 Spring, Summer, Autumn		5	118.0°-119.5° E 37.3°-38.5° N	30	中型网 Medium net		45 (仅包括3类浮游幼虫 Only include three taxa pelagic larvae)		18		田家怡和李洪彦, 1985
1984		春、夏、秋 Spring, Summer, Autumn		8	117.9°-119.7° E 37.2°‒38.5° N	44	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		89		89		山东省科学技术委员会, 1991
1996		春、夏、秋 Spring, Summer, Autumn		4	118.0°‒119.5° E 37.2°‒38.4° N	30	大型网、中型网 Large net, medium net		80 (仅包括1类浮游幼虫 Only include one taxa pelagic larvae)		80		焦玉木和田家怡, 1999; 田家怡等, 1999
2004		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	/	/		27		/		张达娟等, 2008
2005		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	/	/		40		/		张达娟等, 2008
2006		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	/	/		43		/		张达娟等, 2008
2005-2010		春、夏 Spring, Summer		11	119.0°‒119.6° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	33	浅水I型 Type I net		62		62		冷宇等, 2013
2006-2007		四季 Four seasons		4	118.3°‒120.0° E 37.2°‒38.5° N	35	浅水I型 Type I net		/		/		杜明敏等, 2013
2007		夏 Summer		1	118.6°‒120.4° E 37.4°‒38.6° N	24	浅水I型 Type I net		72		16		马静等, 2012
2008		春、夏 Spring, Summer		2	119.0°‒119.5° E 37.4°‒37.9° N	14	/		31		/		孙栋等, 2010
2008-2009		春 Spring		2	119.0°‒119.5° E 37.4°‒37.9° N	14	浅水I型、浅水III型 Type I net, Type III net		45		39		巩俊霞等, 2010
2009		夏 Summer		1	118.9°‒119.6° E 37.5°‒38.2° N	27	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		92		92		马静, 2011^①; 王文杰, 2011^②; 李浩然等, 2018
2010		秋 Autumn		1	119.0°‒119.7° E 37.4°‒38.2° N	30	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		83		83		马静, 2011^①; 王文杰, 2011^②; 王文杰和刘光兴, 2013; 李浩然等, 2018
2011		春 Spring		1	119.0°‒119.7° E 37.5°‒38.2° N	29	浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		56		56		李自尚, 2012^③; 葛汝平等, 2019
2011-2020		夏 Summer		18	119.0°‒119.7° E 37.6°‒38.2° N	18	浅水I型 Type I net		82		23		王秀霞等, 2022a
2012-2013	四季 Four seasons		4		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.4°‒38.2° N	29		浅水II型 Type II net		70	9	董志军等, 2017
2013-2014	春、夏、秋、冬* Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter*		4		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.6°‒38.2° N	18		浅水I型 Type I net		43	18	刘晓慧等, 2017
2013-2014	四季 Four seasons		6		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.6°‒38.2° N	18		浅水I型 Type I net		/	25	Liu et al, 2023
2015-2018	夏 Summer		4		118.3°‒119.5° E 37.3°‒38.3° N	18		浅水I型、浅水II型 Type I net, type II net		/	15	姜磊, 2020^①
2015-2020	夏 Summer		6		118.6°‒119.7° E 37.3°‒38.4° N	10		浅水I型 Type I net		52	5	张翔和李愫, 2022
2019-2020	四季 Four seasons		6		119.0°‒119.7° E 37.3°‒38.1° N	20		浅水II型 Type II net		16 (仅统计浮游幼虫 Only include pelagic larvae)	16	左涛等, 2022
2020	夏* Summer*		3		119.1°‒119.7° E 37.3°‒38.2° N	23		浅水I型 Type I net		34	11	王秀霞等, 2022b

种类 Taxa		年代 Decade				总计 Total
种类 Taxa		1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	总计 Total
原生动物 Protozoa		1	0	5	4	6
刺胞动物 Cnidaria		22	21	23	22	42
栉板动物 Ctenophora		0	0	1	2	2
节肢动物 Arthropoda		41	56	54	46	94
	无甲类 Anostraca	0	1	0	0	1
	枝角类 Cladocera	3	3	4	3	6
	桡足类 Copepoda	28	31	26	26	41
	介形类 Ostracoda	0	0	1	1	2
	糠虾类 Mysida	8	6	9	9	16
	端足类 Amphipoda	1	4	3	2	7
	等足类 Isopoda	0	3	1	1	4
	涟虫类 Cumacea	0	7	5	2	12
	磷虾类 Euphausiacea	0	0	2	0	2
	十足类 Decapoda	1	1	3	2	3
毛颚动物 Chaetognatha		1	1	2	1	2
尾索动物 Urochordata		1	1	3	3	4
浮游幼虫 Pelagic larvae		22	/	28	28	35
总计 Total		88	79^*	116	106	185