Effects of synergistic development between vegetation and biological soil crusts on soil bacterial communities in the wind-sandy area of northwestern Shanxi Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2025236

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Soil bacteria are key components in biological soil crusts (BSCs). They play irreplaceable functional roles in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Wind-sandy area of northwestern Shanxi Province is typical fragile ecosystem. However, the effects of vegetation and BSCs on soil bacterial diversity in this area remain unknown.

Methods: Algal and moss crusts under three vegetation types (grassland, shrubland, and woodland) were chosen in this area. Soil bacterial community and their key environmental regulating factors were explored by high- throughput sequencing and environmental analysis.

Results: (1) Vegetation and BSCs jointly affected soil nutrients. Shrubs and woodland had significant enrichment effects on soil nutrients. BSCs succession significantly increased the nutrient content in the soil but decreased the soil pH value. (2) Both the BSCs and vegetation types influenced on the α diversity, relative abundance of key species, and community structure of bacterial communities. Higher species richness was observed in woodlands for both algal and moss crusts. For the same BSC type, significant differences in bacterial relative abundance at the phylum and order levels were observed between grasslands and shrublands (P< 0.05). (3) Mantel tests revealed soil pH, total soil organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) showed significant relation with bacterial community dissimilarity (P < 0.05), while α diversity of bacterial community represented strong association with organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen (P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Vegetation and BSCs co-modulate soil nutrients and bacterial diversity in northwestern area of Shanxi Province, with pH, TOC, TN and NH₄⁺-N being key community drivers. The results enhance our understanding of bacterial diversity in BSCs and provide scientific evidence for a deeper comprehension of ecosystem biodiversity and functional stability in this area.

Key words: wind-sandy area, vegetation change, biological soil crusts, bacterial community diversity, environmental factors

Shangxuan Li, Jiao Ming, Genjuan Chen, Jie Wu, Bingchang Zhang. Effects of synergistic development between vegetation and biological soil crusts on soil bacterial communities in the wind-sandy area of northwestern Shanxi Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(10): 25236.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025236

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I10/25236

Figures/Tables 7

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样地名称 Sample plot	海拔 Altitude (m)	植被盖度 Vegetation cover	优势植物种类 Dominant plant species	结皮类型 Crust type
草地 Grassland	1,479.8	80%-90%	猪毛蒿、赖草、鸡冠茶、百里香、隐子草 Artemisia scoparia, Leymus secalinus, Sibbaldianthe bifurca, Thymus mongolicus, and Cleistogenes serotina	藻结皮、藓结皮 Algal crusts, moss crusts
灌木 Shrubland	1,057.7-1,097.2	60%-70%	黑沙蒿、白莲蒿、华北米蒿、猪毛蒿、长芒草、尖裂假还阳参、赖草、硬质早熟禾、远志、河朔荛花 Artemisia ordosica, A. gmelinii, A. giraldii, A. scoparia, Stipa bungeana, Crepidiastrum sonchifolium, Leymus secalinus, Poa sphondylode, Polygala tenuifolia, and Wikstroemia chamaedaphne	藻结皮、藓结皮 Algal crusts, moss crusts
林地 Woodland	856.7-1,485.2	80%-90%	油松、杨树、花苜蓿、苜蓿、蔓黄芪、牛枝子、锦鸡儿 Pinus tabuliformis, Populus przewalskii, Medicago ruthenica, M. sativa, Phyllolobium chinense, Lespedeza potaninii, and Caragana sinica	藻结皮、藓结皮 Algal crusts, moss crusts

样地名称 Sample plot	海拔 Altitude (m)	植被盖度 Vegetation cover	优势植物种类 Dominant plant species	结皮类型 Crust type
草地 Grassland	1,479.8	80%-90%	猪毛蒿、赖草、鸡冠茶、百里香、隐子草 Artemisia scoparia, Leymus secalinus, Sibbaldianthe bifurca, Thymus mongolicus, and Cleistogenes serotina	藻结皮、藓结皮 Algal crusts, moss crusts
灌木 Shrubland	1,057.7-1,097.2	60%-70%	黑沙蒿、白莲蒿、华北米蒿、猪毛蒿、长芒草、尖裂假还阳参、赖草、硬质早熟禾、远志、河朔荛花 Artemisia ordosica, A. gmelinii, A. giraldii, A. scoparia, Stipa bungeana, Crepidiastrum sonchifolium, Leymus secalinus, Poa sphondylode, Polygala tenuifolia, and Wikstroemia chamaedaphne	藻结皮、藓结皮 Algal crusts, moss crusts
林地 Woodland	856.7-1,485.2	80%-90%	油松、杨树、花苜蓿、苜蓿、蔓黄芪、牛枝子、锦鸡儿 Pinus tabuliformis, Populus przewalskii, Medicago ruthenica, M. sativa, Phyllolobium chinense, Lespedeza potaninii, and Caragana sinica	藻结皮、藓结皮 Algal crusts, moss crusts

组别 Group	藻结皮 Algal crusts			藓结皮 Moss crusts
组别 Group	草地 Grassland	灌木 Shrubland	林地 Woodland	草地 Grassland	灌木 Shrubland	林地 Woodland
pH值 pH value	8.01 ± 0.14^a	7.89 ± 0.05^ab	8.07 ± 0.14^a	7.81 ± 0.08^ab	7.66 ± 0.124^ab	7.49 ± 0.049^b
总有机碳 Total organic carbon (g/kg)	0.96 ± 0.05^b	0.9 ± 0.07^b	1.29 ± 0.08^b	2.04 ± 0.19^a	2.09 ± 0.20^a	2.06 ± 0.14^a
速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	4.58 ± 0.98^bc	7.08 ± 0.75^abc	3.46 ± 0.62^c	9.64 ± 1.17^ab	12.47 ± 2.44^a	8.27 ± 0.92^abc
速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	137.4 ± 2.54^c	220 ± 17.36^ab	169.05 ± 5.89^bc	215.8 ± 12.08^ab	274.5 ± 23.89^a	243 ± 14.05^a
总氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	0.52 ± 0.03^a	0.59 ± 0.07^a	0.62 ± 0.06^a	0.96 ± 0.16^b	1.28 ± 0.20^a	1.41 ± 0.07^a
总磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	0.54 ± 0.01^a	0.58 ± 0.02^a	0.55 ± 0.05^a	0.56 ± 0.02^a	0.62 ± 0.02^a	0.53 ± 0.02^a
总钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	22.34 ± 0.21^a	22.61 ± 0.29^a	24.24 ± 1.49^a	20.78 ± 0.24^a	21.55 ± 0.37^a	21.59 ± 0.16^a
铵态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/kg)	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.16 ± 0.031^a	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.10 ± 0.02^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.15 ± 0.06^a
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	0.26 ± 0.02^b	4.17 ± 0.51^a	3.91 ± 0.46^a	3.09 ± 1.04^a	3.53 ± 0.72^a	4.51 ± 0.08^a

组别 Group	藻结皮 Algal crusts			藓结皮 Moss crusts
组别 Group	草地 Grassland	灌木 Shrubland	林地 Woodland	草地 Grassland	灌木 Shrubland	林地 Woodland
pH值 pH value	8.01 ± 0.14^a	7.89 ± 0.05^ab	8.07 ± 0.14^a	7.81 ± 0.08^ab	7.66 ± 0.124^ab	7.49 ± 0.049^b
总有机碳 Total organic carbon (g/kg)	0.96 ± 0.05^b	0.9 ± 0.07^b	1.29 ± 0.08^b	2.04 ± 0.19^a	2.09 ± 0.20^a	2.06 ± 0.14^a
速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	4.58 ± 0.98^bc	7.08 ± 0.75^abc	3.46 ± 0.62^c	9.64 ± 1.17^ab	12.47 ± 2.44^a	8.27 ± 0.92^abc
速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	137.4 ± 2.54^c	220 ± 17.36^ab	169.05 ± 5.89^bc	215.8 ± 12.08^ab	274.5 ± 23.89^a	243 ± 14.05^a
总氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	0.52 ± 0.03^a	0.59 ± 0.07^a	0.62 ± 0.06^a	0.96 ± 0.16^b	1.28 ± 0.20^a	1.41 ± 0.07^a
总磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	0.54 ± 0.01^a	0.58 ± 0.02^a	0.55 ± 0.05^a	0.56 ± 0.02^a	0.62 ± 0.02^a	0.53 ± 0.02^a
总钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	22.34 ± 0.21^a	22.61 ± 0.29^a	24.24 ± 1.49^a	20.78 ± 0.24^a	21.55 ± 0.37^a	21.59 ± 0.16^a
铵态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/kg)	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.16 ± 0.031^a	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.10 ± 0.02^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.15 ± 0.06^a
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	0.26 ± 0.02^b	4.17 ± 0.51^a	3.91 ± 0.46^a	3.09 ± 1.04^a	3.53 ± 0.72^a	4.51 ± 0.08^a

门 Phylum	藻结皮 Algal crusts (%)			藓结皮 Moss crusts (%)
门 Phylum	草地 Grassland	灌木 Shrubland	林地 Woodland	草地 Grassland	灌木 Shrubland	林地 Woodland
放线菌门 Actinomycetota	14.61 ± 0.43^b	28.52 ± 1.08^a	25.80 ± 1.51^a	22.71 ± 0.92^a	28.36 ± 2.97^a	22.45 ± 0.95^a
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	19.54 ± 0.91^a	19.42 ± 2.01^a	23.14 ± 1.54^a	22.83 ± 0.92^a	22.77 ± 1.58^a	21.28 ± 1.00^a
蓝细菌门 Cyanobacteriota	16.68 ± 0.89^a	10.02 ± 0.72^b	11.49 ± 0.85^b	5.01 ± 0.50^c	2.86 ± 0.27^c	3.38 ± 0.23^c
拟杆菌门 Bacteroidota	8.81 ± 0.87^a	6.18 ± 1.00^b	5.85 ± 0.41^b	7.97 ± 0.70^ab	9.45 ± 0.31^a	6.98 ± 0.34^ab
绿弯菌门 Chloroflexota	6.32 ± 0.89^ab	9.27 ± 0.84^a	5.91 ± 0.74^b	7.77 ± 0.88^ab	6.21 ± 0.35^ab	7.34 ± 0.56^ab
酸杆菌门 Acidobacteriota	5.21 ± 0.83^c	5.04 ± 0.77^c	5.66 ± 0.51^bc	7.92 ± 0.66^ab	7.23 ± 0.61^bc	9.89 ± 0.44^a
浮霉菌门 Planctomycetota	7.59 ± 1.32^a	4.07 ± 0.32^b	4.41 ± 0.31^b	6.96 ± 0.95^a	5.39 ± 0.31^ab	5.70 ± 0.40^ab
芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadota	7.71 ± 0.70^ab	4.64 ± 0.24^b	5.06 ± 0.48^b	9.95 ± 3.51^a	4.06 ± 0.36^b	4.11 ± 0.32^b
芽孢杆菌门 Bacillota	0.87 ± 0.79^c	1.31 ± 0.12^bc	2.99 ± 0.21^c	1.05 ± 0.04^c	4.80 ± 0.66^a	6.21 ± 0.60^a
粘球菌门 Myxococcota	3.67 ± 0.93^a	2.12 ± 0.44^a	2.57 ± 0.34^a	4.44 ± 0.83^a	3.76 ± 0.77^a	2.90 ± 0.27^a