Diversity and community characteristics of free-living nematodes in plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet

doi:10.17520/biods.2022533

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: Being considered effective indicator species, free-living nematodes have great application potential in ecological monitoring. Therefore, the study of free-living nematodes in the Tibetan Plateau salt lakes may be of great importance to improve the benthic communities and ecological environment assessment systems for plateau salt lakes. The aim of this study is to assess diversity and community structure of free-living nematodes.
Methods: Quantitative investigations of free-living nematodes and their relationships with environmental factors were conducted by collecting sediment samples in 11 plateau salt lakes, including Kyêbxang Co, Dagze Co and Yibug Caka etc. in Nagqu City, Tibet, China, from July to August 2020.
Results: Total average abundance of free-living nematodes was 13.98 ± 22.21 ind./10 cm². The abundance of free-living nematodes in euhalines (32.31-49.85) (19.33 ± 29.99 ind./10 cm²) was higher than those in oligohalines (0.64-4.70) (12.43 ± 4.18 ind./10 cm²) and mesohalines (10.20-11.82) (3.67 ± 0.73 ind./10 cm²). A total of 21 genera, belonging to 17 families, of free-living nematodes were identified, with Procephalobus, Trilobus, Miranema as the dominant genera, among which Procephalobus was the most abundant, accounting for 47.1% of the total free-living nematode that were identified. The dominant feeding type of free-living nematodes were algal feeders (59.7%), which was closely related to the abundance of primary producers and diatom abundance.
Conclusion: Differences in free-living nematode abundance and community structure in the plateau salt lakes in Tibet were mainly related to spatial variations in sediment organic matter content, bottom water salinity, and sediment water content. Salinity had no significant effects on the abundance of free-living nematodes. However, differences in community structure were positively correlated to salinity. In addition, the most abundant genera in the study lakes were different when compared to other lakes with high salinity. This could possibly be due to specific climatic characteristics, environmental stress, and human disturbance in the site and should be confirmed with further studies.

Key words: salt lakes, free-living nematode, diversity, community structure, Tibetan Plateau

Helu Zhang, Meihong Zhao, Shichun Sun, Xiaoshou Liu. Diversity and community characteristics of free-living nematodes in plateau salt lakes in Nagqu City, Tibet[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(5): 22533.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I5/22533

Figures/Tables 8

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湖泊 Lakes	东经 Longitude (E)	北纬 Latitude (N)	沉积物类型 Type of sediment	温度 (T, ℃)	盐度 (Sal)	pH	中值粒径 (Md, mm)	含水量 (W, %)	有机质含量 (OM, %)	叶绿素a 含量 (Chl-a, μg/g)	溶解氧含量 (DO, mg/L)
崩则错 Pongcê Co (BZC)	88°38′	32°04′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	20.60	0.64	8.90	1.180	15.8	3.4	0.060	6.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co (CXBC)	87°52′	31°55′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	19.18	2.89	8.96	0.250	23.6	0.3	0.160	6.42
果根错 Gogen Co (GGC)	89°10′	32°21′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	12.74	4.67	8.98	0.300	13.6	1.6	0.669	7.26
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co (PSEC)	89°29′	32°22′	砂质砾 Sandy gravel	13.53	4.70	9.00	0.650	16.0	0.5	1.659	6.62
郭加林错 Guojialun Co (GJLC)	88°31′	32°01′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	16.14	10.20	8.94	0.190	15.2	0.4	0.049	5.38
达则错 Dagze Co (DZC)	87°23′	31°49′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	18.86	11.82	8.19	0.180	21.3	1.5	0.391	6.62
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co (YNPC)	89°47′	32°19′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	18.55	32.31	9.03	0.360	14.6	0.9	1.600	3.58
班戈错 Bangkog Co (BGC)	89°25′	31°44′	含砾泥质砂 Gravelly muddy sand	14.40	44.25	9.24	0.200	36.4	1.9	2.527	7.20
岗塘错 Gangtang Co (GTC)	86°39′	33°10′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	13.78	45.52	8.85	0.340	17.0	1.0	0.111	3.73
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka (YBCK)	86°40′	32°59′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	16.32	49.85	8.76	0.206	58.3	12.6	1.619	5.36
其香错 Kyêbxang Co (QXC)	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.20	44.35	9.03	0.190	49.1	5.0	0.570	5.45
H6	90°02′	32°30′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.54	41.22	9.00	0.229	40.7	2.8	0.706	4.62
B2	89°53′	32°24′	砂 Sand	14.04	41.23	8.95	0.221	46.3	2.9	0.612	5.45
H4	90°02′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.78	41.31	9.04	0.161	44.1	1.9	0.887	4.74
C3	89°55′	32°26′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.70	42.33	9.11	0.182	46.4	3.6	0.557	7.60
F2	89°59′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.72	42.98	9.10	0.183	53.0	4.5	0.344	4.85
D2	89°56′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.09	44.73	9.00	0.184	51.5	7.8	0.474	5.09
F4	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.16	49.20	9.11	0.160	60.6	8.6	0.599	6.46
D4	89°56′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.56	51.81	8.89	0.229	49.6	7.2	0.401	4.78

湖泊 Lakes	东经 Longitude (E)	北纬 Latitude (N)	沉积物类型 Type of sediment	温度 (T, ℃)	盐度 (Sal)	pH	中值粒径 (Md, mm)	含水量 (W, %)	有机质含量 (OM, %)	叶绿素a 含量 (Chl-a, μg/g)	溶解氧含量 (DO, mg/L)
崩则错 Pongcê Co (BZC)	88°38′	32°04′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	20.60	0.64	8.90	1.180	15.8	3.4	0.060	6.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co (CXBC)	87°52′	31°55′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	19.18	2.89	8.96	0.250	23.6	0.3	0.160	6.42
果根错 Gogen Co (GGC)	89°10′	32°21′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	12.74	4.67	8.98	0.300	13.6	1.6	0.669	7.26
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co (PSEC)	89°29′	32°22′	砂质砾 Sandy gravel	13.53	4.70	9.00	0.650	16.0	0.5	1.659	6.62
郭加林错 Guojialun Co (GJLC)	88°31′	32°01′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	16.14	10.20	8.94	0.190	15.2	0.4	0.049	5.38
达则错 Dagze Co (DZC)	87°23′	31°49′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	18.86	11.82	8.19	0.180	21.3	1.5	0.391	6.62
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co (YNPC)	89°47′	32°19′	砾质砂 Gravelly sand	18.55	32.31	9.03	0.360	14.6	0.9	1.600	3.58
班戈错 Bangkog Co (BGC)	89°25′	31°44′	含砾泥质砂 Gravelly muddy sand	14.40	44.25	9.24	0.200	36.4	1.9	2.527	7.20
岗塘错 Gangtang Co (GTC)	86°39′	33°10′	含砾砂 Gravelly sand	13.78	45.52	8.85	0.340	17.0	1.0	0.111	3.73
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka (YBCK)	86°40′	32°59′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	16.32	49.85	8.76	0.206	58.3	12.6	1.619	5.36
其香错 Kyêbxang Co (QXC)	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.20	44.35	9.03	0.190	49.1	5.0	0.570	5.45
H6	90°02′	32°30′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.54	41.22	9.00	0.229	40.7	2.8	0.706	4.62
B2	89°53′	32°24′	砂 Sand	14.04	41.23	8.95	0.221	46.3	2.9	0.612	5.45
H4	90°02′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.78	41.31	9.04	0.161	44.1	1.9	0.887	4.74
C3	89°55′	32°26′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.70	42.33	9.11	0.182	46.4	3.6	0.557	7.60
F2	89°59′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	13.72	42.98	9.10	0.183	53.0	4.5	0.344	4.85
D2	89°56′	32°24′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.09	44.73	9.00	0.184	51.5	7.8	0.474	5.09
F4	89°59′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.16	49.20	9.11	0.160	60.6	8.6	0.599	6.46
D4	89°56′	32°27′	粉砂质砂 Chalky sand	14.56	51.81	8.89	0.229	49.6	7.2	0.401	4.78

湖泊 Lakes	物种数 No. of species (S)	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (d)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J')	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (1 - λ)
崩则错 Pongcê Co	2	0.44	0.81	0.59	0.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co	2	-	0.92	0.00	0.92
果根错 Gogen Co	3	0.79	0.34	0.21	0.53
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co	4	2.10	0.73	0.35	1.45
郭加林错 Guojialun Co	2	2.60	0.92	0.00	0.92
达则错 Dagze Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co	2	-	1.00	-	1.00
班戈错 Bangkog Co	1	-	-	-	0.00
其香错 Kyêbxang Co	12	3.61	0.57	1.04	2.05
岗塘错 Gangtang Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka	1	0.00	-	-	0.00

湖泊 Lakes	物种数 No. of species (S)	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (d)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J')	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index (1 - λ)
崩则错 Pongcê Co	2	0.44	0.81	0.59	0.81
查下不错 Chaxiabu Co	2	-	0.92	0.00	0.92
果根错 Gogen Co	3	0.79	0.34	0.21	0.53
瀑赛尔错 Bobsêr Co	4	2.10	0.73	0.35	1.45
郭加林错 Guojialun Co	2	2.60	0.92	0.00	0.92
达则错 Dagze Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
羊纳朋错 Yangnapeng Co	2	-	1.00	-	1.00
班戈错 Bangkog Co	1	-	-	-	0.00
其香错 Kyêbxang Co	12	3.61	0.57	1.04	2.05
岗塘错 Gangtang Co	3	5.20	0.79	0.00	1.25
依布茶卡 Yibug Caka	1	0.00	-	-	0.00