Spatial distribution of species diversity of solitary wasps (Vespidae) and its responses to environmental factors in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2022310

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: In order to better guide the functional zoning of nature reserves, it is necessary to conduct scientific investigation and assessment of basic biodiversity data from each nature reserve and its surrounding areas. Solitary wasps are important natural predators of agricultural and forestry pests and are also important environmental biological indicators. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between spatial distribution of species diversity on solitary wasps (Vespidae) and functional zoning in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province.

Methods: From 2018 to 2020, we investigated the diversity and distribution of Vespidae wasps and their driving factors in a typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Nanling using artificial trap-nests and km-grid protocols (a total of 100 survey grids with a grid size of 1 km × 1 km) across the whole region and its surrounding areas in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve.

Results: In this study, a total of 4,156 wasp trap-nests and 9,973 brood cells were obtained, and 9 wasp species were identified, distributed in 89 grids, and the distribution map of their species richness and abundance was drawn. The results indicated that elevation, the distance to the nearest settlement, and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) may act as the key environmental factors affecting species richness, abundance, and distribution of the wasp community. Species richness, the nest number, and brood cells of Vespidae wasps decreased significantly with increasing elevation, and species richness and abundance were much higher when the sites were closer to the settlement. However, the α diversity index of the wasp community demonstrated a pattern with an initial increase and then decrease with EVI. The overall β diversity, species turnover, and the nestedness of the wasp community was 0.21, 0.05, and 0.16, respectively, which indicated that the nestedness was the main distribution pattern of the wasp community in the nature reserve. Distance redundancy analysis demonstrated that species turnover was significantly influenced by elevation, whereas the nestedness was not affected by any environmental factor involved in this paper. The abundance of nests or brood cells outside the nature reserve were significantly higher than those in the other three functional zones, while all α diversity indices (species richness, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, and Pielou evenness) indicated no significant differences amongst the four functional zones. This suggested that the wasp communities had similar species composition and no obvious distribution boundary across all the functional zones in this nature reserve.

Conclusion: Based on the grid survey in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, this study mapped the spatial distribution of wasp diversity and then revealed the relationship between the wasp diversity and the functional zoning in the Nanling subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Our study provides a scientific basis for the long-term monitoring and conservation management of insect biodiversity in protected areas.

Key words: trap-nests, solitary wasps, species diversity, spatial distribution, elevation, enhanced vegetation index, protected areas

Muqing Lin, Yingming Zhang, Fang Ouyang, Zufei Shu, Chaodong Zhu, Zhishu Xiao. Spatial distribution of species diversity of solitary wasps (Vespidae) and its responses to environmental factors in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(2): 22310.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022310

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I2/22310

Figures/Tables 7

References 38

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物种 Species	巢材 Nesting materials	网格占有率 Grid occupancy (%)	累计巢管数 Cumulative number of nests	累计孵育室数 Cumulative number of brood cells	保护区功能分区 Functional zone
物种 Species	巢材 Nesting materials	网格占有率 Grid occupancy (%)	累计巢管数 Cumulative number of nests	累计孵育室数 Cumulative number of brood cells	保护区外 Outside	实验区 Experimental zone	缓冲区 Buffer zone	核心区 Core zone
黄缘蜾蠃 Anterhynchium flavomarginatum	黄泥 Mud	86	3,733	9,269	√	√	√	√
福建埃蜾蠃 Epsilon fujianensis	树脂 Resin	58	346	515	√	√	√	√
日本元蜾蠃 Discoelius japonicus	黄泥 + 碎叶 Mud + Broken leaf	10	21	56	√	√	√	√
棘秀蜾蠃 Pareumenes quadrispinosus	黄泥 + 树脂 Mud + Resin	12	31	64	√	√	√	√
旁喙蜾蠃 Pararrhynchium septemfasciatus	黄泥 Mud	3	5	7	√	√	√	-
丽胸蜾蠃 Orancistrocerus drewseni	黄泥 Mud	2	3	8	√	-	-	-
虚长腹胡蜂 Zethus dolosus	黄泥 + 碎叶 Mud + Broken leaf	5	12	39	√	√	√	-
旁沟蜾蠃 Parancistrocerus lamnulus	黄泥 Mud	1	2	3	√	√	-	-
同蜾蠃 Symmorphus ambotretus	黄泥 Mud	1	3	12	√	-	-	-
总计 Total		89	4,156	9,973	9	7	6	4

物种 Species	巢材 Nesting materials	网格占有率 Grid occupancy (%)	累计巢管数 Cumulative number of nests	累计孵育室数 Cumulative number of brood cells	保护区功能分区 Functional zone
物种 Species	巢材 Nesting materials	网格占有率 Grid occupancy (%)	累计巢管数 Cumulative number of nests	累计孵育室数 Cumulative number of brood cells	保护区外 Outside	实验区 Experimental zone	缓冲区 Buffer zone	核心区 Core zone
黄缘蜾蠃 Anterhynchium flavomarginatum	黄泥 Mud	86	3,733	9,269	√	√	√	√
福建埃蜾蠃 Epsilon fujianensis	树脂 Resin	58	346	515	√	√	√	√
日本元蜾蠃 Discoelius japonicus	黄泥 + 碎叶 Mud + Broken leaf	10	21	56	√	√	√	√
棘秀蜾蠃 Pareumenes quadrispinosus	黄泥 + 树脂 Mud + Resin	12	31	64	√	√	√	√
旁喙蜾蠃 Pararrhynchium septemfasciatus	黄泥 Mud	3	5	7	√	√	√	-
丽胸蜾蠃 Orancistrocerus drewseni	黄泥 Mud	2	3	8	√	-	-	-
虚长腹胡蜂 Zethus dolosus	黄泥 + 碎叶 Mud + Broken leaf	5	12	39	√	√	√	-
旁沟蜾蠃 Parancistrocerus lamnulus	黄泥 Mud	1	2	3	√	√	-	-
同蜾蠃 Symmorphus ambotretus	黄泥 Mud	1	3	12	√	-	-	-
总计 Total		89	4,156	9,973	9	7	6	4

分区 Zone	网格数 No. of grids	累计物种数 Cumulative number of species	平均物种数 Average number of species	平均相对巢管量 Average relative number of nests	平均相对孵育室数量 Average relative number of brood cells	Shannon 多样性 Shannon diversity	Simpson 多样性 Simpson diversity	Pielou 均匀度 Pielou evenness
保护区外 Outside	20	9	2.00 ± 1.26^a	4.42 ± 2.44^a	10.26 ± 5.48^a	1.29 ± 0.24^a	1.18 ± 0.37^a	0.33 ± 0.24^a
实验区 Experimental zone	30	7	1.68 ± 1.08^a	1.20 ± 1.28^b	2.95 ± 3.21^b	1.36 ± 0.46^a	1.25 ± 0.42^a	0.44 ± 0.26^a
缓冲区 Buffer zone	28	6	1.74 ± 1.06^a	1.07 ± 1.37^b	2.53 ± 3.28^b	1.42 ± 0.34^a	1.30 ± 0.32^a	0.49 ± 0.27^a
核心区 Core zone	22	4	1.82 ± 0.73^a	1.73 ± 1.63^b	4.28 ± 4.08^b	1.35 ± 0.36^a	1.36 ± 0.32^a	0.54 ± 0.28^a
总计 Total	100	9	1.78 ± 1.03	1.79 ± 1.98	4.28 ± 4.66	1.36 ± 0.41	1.25 ± 0.36	0.45 ± 0.27

分区 Zone	网格数 No. of grids	累计物种数 Cumulative number of species	平均物种数 Average number of species	平均相对巢管量 Average relative number of nests	平均相对孵育室数量 Average relative number of brood cells	Shannon 多样性 Shannon diversity	Simpson 多样性 Simpson diversity	Pielou 均匀度 Pielou evenness
保护区外 Outside	20	9	2.00 ± 1.26^a	4.42 ± 2.44^a	10.26 ± 5.48^a	1.29 ± 0.24^a	1.18 ± 0.37^a	0.33 ± 0.24^a
实验区 Experimental zone	30	7	1.68 ± 1.08^a	1.20 ± 1.28^b	2.95 ± 3.21^b	1.36 ± 0.46^a	1.25 ± 0.42^a	0.44 ± 0.26^a
缓冲区 Buffer zone	28	6	1.74 ± 1.06^a	1.07 ± 1.37^b	2.53 ± 3.28^b	1.42 ± 0.34^a	1.30 ± 0.32^a	0.49 ± 0.27^a
核心区 Core zone	22	4	1.82 ± 0.73^a	1.73 ± 1.63^b	4.28 ± 4.08^b	1.35 ± 0.36^a	1.36 ± 0.32^a	0.54 ± 0.28^a
总计 Total	100	9	1.78 ± 1.03	1.79 ± 1.98	4.28 ± 4.66	1.36 ± 0.41	1.25 ± 0.36	0.45 ± 0.27