Conservation easement-inspired adaptive management methods for natural protected areas: A case study on Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot

doi:10.17520/biods.2018203

Abstract

Abstract:

It is difficult to carry out highly effective management in the natural protected areas of China due to complicated land ownership and lack of scientific research, especially in the National Park pilots. This paper proposes a conservation easement policy based on focused conservation needs by integrating an innovative adaptive management method and an ecological compensation plan, using the Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot as an example. First, the major conservation needs of the ecosystem elements are refined by determining the spatial scope of the easement implementation according to the land type. Secondly, the relationship between conservation need and the livelihood of local residents is clarified to form the classified conservation list. The evaluation method for easement is designed in three dimensions: improvement of monitoring indicators of the ecosystem, compliance with positive and negative actions and community capacity cultivation. Finally, the easement contract is formed by outlining the clear rights and responsibilities of the easement donor and donee. A scientific and flexible plan for ecological compensation is also carried out. This method can effectively solve the problem of land resource fragmentation at both on the ecosystem and landscape scale, which is normally caused by inconsistent ownership, as well as the conflict between community development and ecological conservation. Finally, this plan can be applied to the natural protected areas in southern China where the collective forest coverage is relatively high.

Key words: ecological compensation, adaptive management, conservation easement, natural protected areas, national park

Wang Yufei,Su Hongqiao,Zhao Xinrui,Su Yang,Luo Min. Conservation easement-inspired adaptive management methods for natural protected areas: A case study on Qianjiangyuan National Park pilot[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(1): 88-96.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2018203

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2019/V27/I1/88

Figures/Tables 7

References 22

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乡镇 Town	自然村 Natural village	人口 Population	分区 Zone	主要产业 Major industry	核心保护对象 Core conservation targets
苏庄 Suzhuang	龙潭口 Longtankou	118	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、油茶 Tea and sasanqua	生态系统、水源 Ecosystem and water sources
	东山 Dongshan	106	生态保育区 Ecological conservation zone	茶叶、油茶 Tea and sasanqua	生态系统、水源 Ecosystem and water sources
	外长坑头 Waichangkengtou	80	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、农作物 Tea and crops	生态系统 Ecosystem
	内长坑头 Neichangkengtou	6	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、农作物 Tea and crops	生态系统 Ecosystem
	青安塘 Qing’antang	24	生态保育区 Ecological conservation zone	茶叶 Tea	生态系统 Ecosystem
	冲凹 Chong’ao	6	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、养蜂 Tea and beekeeping	生态系统 Ecosystem
	岭里头 Linglitou	2	核心保护区 Core protected zone		生态系统 Ecosystem
齐溪 Qixi	大鲍山 Dabaoshan	79	核心保护区 Core protected zone		生态系统 Ecosystem
长虹 Changhong	河滩 Hetan	99	生态保育区 Ecological conservation zone	茶叶、农作物 Tea and crops	生态系统、水源 Ecosystem and water sources

乡镇 Town	自然村 Natural village	人口 Population	分区 Zone	主要产业 Major industry	核心保护对象 Core conservation targets
苏庄 Suzhuang	龙潭口 Longtankou	118	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、油茶 Tea and sasanqua	生态系统、水源 Ecosystem and water sources
	东山 Dongshan	106	生态保育区 Ecological conservation zone	茶叶、油茶 Tea and sasanqua	生态系统、水源 Ecosystem and water sources
	外长坑头 Waichangkengtou	80	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、农作物 Tea and crops	生态系统 Ecosystem
	内长坑头 Neichangkengtou	6	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、农作物 Tea and crops	生态系统 Ecosystem
	青安塘 Qing’antang	24	生态保育区 Ecological conservation zone	茶叶 Tea	生态系统 Ecosystem
	冲凹 Chong’ao	6	核心保护区 Core protected zone	茶叶、养蜂 Tea and beekeeping	生态系统 Ecosystem
	岭里头 Linglitou	2	核心保护区 Core protected zone		生态系统 Ecosystem
齐溪 Qixi	大鲍山 Dabaoshan	79	核心保护区 Core protected zone		生态系统 Ecosystem
长虹 Changhong	河滩 Hetan	99	生态保育区 Ecological conservation zone	茶叶、农作物 Tea and crops	生态系统、水源 Ecosystem and water sources

保护对象 Conservation targets	正/负 Positive or negative	具体行为 Specific actions	参与方式 Participant measures
环境本底、水源地和生态系统服务 Environmental background, water source and ecosystem services	禁止 Forbidden	使用未经批准的化肥、农药、除草剂 Use of unapproved fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides	个人 Individual
		使用未经发酵处理的粪便作为肥料 Use of non-fermented manure	个人 Individual
		秸秆焚烧 Straw burning	个人 Individual
	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	合理套种, 合理密植 Reasonable inter-planting and compact planting	集体/个人 Collective /individual
	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	立体农业 Stereoscopic agriculture	个人 Individual
物种、种群、群落和生态系统 Species, populations, communities and ecosystems	禁止 Forbidden	驱赶、捕捉进入耕地的野生动物 Expelling or catching wild animals that entering cultivated land	个人 Individual
	禁止 Forbidden	以围栏、栅栏等形式明确隔离耕地和自然环境 Clear separation between cultivated land and natural environment by using the fences, etc.	个人 Individual
	鼓励^bEncouraged	以本土植物形成天然的隔离林带 Using local plants as the fence between natural environment and plantation	集体/个人 Collective /individual
文化遗产等原真性 Originality of cultural heritage, etc.	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	保留传统农耕文化 Preserving traditional farming culture	个人 Individual
文化遗产等原真性 Originality of cultural heritage, etc.	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	适度发展耕地景观、发展生态旅游和环境教育 Moderating development of cultivated land landscape, ecotourism and environmental education	集体 Collective

保护对象 Conservation targets	正/负 Positive or negative	具体行为 Specific actions	参与方式 Participant measures
环境本底、水源地和生态系统服务 Environmental background, water source and ecosystem services	禁止 Forbidden	使用未经批准的化肥、农药、除草剂 Use of unapproved fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides	个人 Individual
		使用未经发酵处理的粪便作为肥料 Use of non-fermented manure	个人 Individual
		秸秆焚烧 Straw burning	个人 Individual
	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	合理套种, 合理密植 Reasonable inter-planting and compact planting	集体/个人 Collective /individual
	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	立体农业 Stereoscopic agriculture	个人 Individual
物种、种群、群落和生态系统 Species, populations, communities and ecosystems	禁止 Forbidden	驱赶、捕捉进入耕地的野生动物 Expelling or catching wild animals that entering cultivated land	个人 Individual
	禁止 Forbidden	以围栏、栅栏等形式明确隔离耕地和自然环境 Clear separation between cultivated land and natural environment by using the fences, etc.	个人 Individual
	鼓励^bEncouraged	以本土植物形成天然的隔离林带 Using local plants as the fence between natural environment and plantation	集体/个人 Collective /individual
文化遗产等原真性 Originality of cultural heritage, etc.	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	保留传统农耕文化 Preserving traditional farming culture	个人 Individual
文化遗产等原真性 Originality of cultural heritage, etc.	鼓励^bEncouraged^b	适度发展耕地景观、发展生态旅游和环境教育 Moderating development of cultivated land landscape, ecotourism and environmental education	集体 Collective

分类 Category		监测指标/方式 Monitoring indicators/methods	周期 Period
野生植物监测 Wild plant monitoring	种类 Species	物种名称、数量 Name and number of species	每年2次 Twice a year
	变化 Changes	无人机监测各种植被类型面积和高度的变化 Changes in areas and height of different plant types by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UVA) monitoring
	野生动物监测 Wild animal monitoring			种类 Species	物种名称、数量 Name and number of species	每年2次 Twice a year
种群 Populations		分布格局 Distribution pattern				每年2次 Twice a year
种群 Populations		物种相对多度指数 Specie relative abundance index (RAI)	长期 Long-term
资源利用 Resource utilization		乔、灌、草植物的名称、采集地点、采集数量、利用部位、用途、交易方式 Names of arbors, shrubs and herbs, collecting location and numbers, available parts, using ways and trading ways	每月1次 Once a month
人为干扰 Human disturbance		干扰方式和强度 Disturbance mode and intensity	每年1次 Once a year