Nekton species composition and biodiversity in Taiwan Strait

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09142

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on four bottom trawl surveys (2006-2007) in the Taiwan Strait, nekton species composition, biomass and density distribution, dominant species, and community characteristics were analyzed. We recorded 373 nektonic species including 273 fish species, 81 crustaceans and 19 cephalopods. The mean biomass density index of the study area was estimated to be 24.91 kg/h with fish species, crustacean species and cephalopod species accounting for 65.6%, 21.1% and 13.3% of the total, respectively. Dominant species included Trichiurus japonicus, Portunus haanii, Parargyrops edita, Harpadon nehereus, Trachurus japonicus and Loligo beka. Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H') ranged from 1.45 to 3.21, with an average of 2.47 and were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Compared with historical data, nekton resources are obviously declining, with species richness decreasing especially in the Minnan-Taiwan Bank area. Dominant species also exhibited a preponderance of smaller size and age classes compared to historical data.

Key words: Taiwan Strait, nekton, dominant species, biodiversity

Puqing Song, Jing Zhang, Longshan Lin, Zhangcheng Xu, Xiaoming Zhu. Nekton species composition and biodiversity in Taiwan Strait[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2012, 20(1): 32-40.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09142

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2012/V20/I1/32

Figures/Tables 8

References 23

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纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes	真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes	1	3	4
	鳐形目 Rajiformes	3	3	3
	鲼形目 Myliobatiformes	2	2	4
硬骨鱼纲 Osteichthyes	鼠鱚目 Gonorhynchiformes	1	1	1
	鲱形目 Clupeiformes	2	8	13
	灯笼鱼目 Myctophiformes	2	5	7
	鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	6	8	13
	鲇形目 Siluriformes	2	2	2
	颌针鱼目 Beloniformes	1	1	1
	鳕形目 Gadiformes	2	2	3
	月鱼目 Lampridiformes	1	1	1
	刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	3	4	6
	鲻形目 Mugiliformes	3	5	6
	鲈形目 Perciformes	40	76	125
	鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	7	22	30
	鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	4	21	42
	鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	7	9
	鮟鱇目 Lophiiformes	2	2	3
甲壳纲 Crustacea	十足目 Decapoda	19	32	74
	口足目 Stomatopoda	1	1	7
头足纲 Cephalopoda	枪形目 Teuthoidea	1	2	5
	乌贼目 Sepioidea	2	3	8
	八腕目 Octopoda	1	1	6

纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes	真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes	1	3	4
	鳐形目 Rajiformes	3	3	3
	鲼形目 Myliobatiformes	2	2	4
硬骨鱼纲 Osteichthyes	鼠鱚目 Gonorhynchiformes	1	1	1
	鲱形目 Clupeiformes	2	8	13
	灯笼鱼目 Myctophiformes	2	5	7
	鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	6	8	13
	鲇形目 Siluriformes	2	2	2
	颌针鱼目 Beloniformes	1	1	1
	鳕形目 Gadiformes	2	2	3
	月鱼目 Lampridiformes	1	1	1
	刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	3	4	6
	鲻形目 Mugiliformes	3	5	6
	鲈形目 Perciformes	40	76	125
	鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	7	22	30
	鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	4	21	42
	鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	7	9
	鮟鱇目 Lophiiformes	2	2	3
甲壳纲 Crustacea	十足目 Decapoda	19	32	74
	口足目 Stomatopoda	1	1	7
头足纲 Cephalopoda	枪形目 Teuthoidea	1	2	5
	乌贼目 Sepioidea	2	3	8
	八腕目 Octopoda	1	1	6

季节 Season	优势种 Dominant species
季节 Season	重量比例 Weight percent	尾数比例 Individual percent
春季 Spring	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (20.76%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (11.70%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (9.38%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (5.48%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (4.34%) 条尾绯鲤 Upeneus bensasi (3.63%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (3.30%)	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (42.85%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (24.03%) 银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (4.99%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (4.15%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (3.00%)
夏季 Summer	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (19.35%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.27%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (6.67%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (4.53%) 金乌贼 Sepia esculenta (3.96%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (3.41%) 黄鲫 Setipinna taty (3.13%)	鹿斑鲾 Secuter ruconius (28.59%) 麦氏犀鳕 Bregmaceros macclellandii (14.28%) 四线天竺鲷 Apogon quadrifasciatus (4.78%) 粗纹鲾 Leiognathus lineolatus (4.24%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.24%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (3.58%)
秋季 Autumn	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.93%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.11%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (5.82%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (5.78%) 六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius (5.39%) 黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti (4.44%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (4.31%) 刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala (4.07%) 棕斑腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus (3.91%) 白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus (3.35%)	银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (16.88%) 七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum (10.96%) 矛形梭子蟹 Portunus hastatoides (9.05%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.31%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.03%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (5.56%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.42%)
冬季 Winter	龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (7.54%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (6.68%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (6.21%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (5.94%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (5.74%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.69%) 拟目乌贼 Sepia lycidas (3.74%) 湾鱼或 Wak Sinai (3.07%)	拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.93%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (7.98%) 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis (7.51%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (6.39%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.87%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (4.36%) 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (3.86%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (3.01%)

季节 Season	优势种 Dominant species
季节 Season	重量比例 Weight percent	尾数比例 Individual percent
春季 Spring	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (20.76%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (11.70%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (9.38%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (5.48%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (4.34%) 条尾绯鲤 Upeneus bensasi (3.63%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (3.30%)	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (42.85%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (24.03%) 银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (4.99%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (4.15%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (3.00%)
夏季 Summer	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (19.35%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.27%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (6.67%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (4.53%) 金乌贼 Sepia esculenta (3.96%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (3.41%) 黄鲫 Setipinna taty (3.13%)	鹿斑鲾 Secuter ruconius (28.59%) 麦氏犀鳕 Bregmaceros macclellandii (14.28%) 四线天竺鲷 Apogon quadrifasciatus (4.78%) 粗纹鲾 Leiognathus lineolatus (4.24%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.24%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (3.58%)
秋季 Autumn	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.93%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.11%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (5.82%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (5.78%) 六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius (5.39%) 黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti (4.44%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (4.31%) 刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala (4.07%) 棕斑腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus (3.91%) 白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus (3.35%)	银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (16.88%) 七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum (10.96%) 矛形梭子蟹 Portunus hastatoides (9.05%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.31%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.03%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (5.56%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.42%)
冬季 Winter	龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (7.54%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (6.68%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (6.21%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (5.94%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (5.74%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.69%) 拟目乌贼 Sepia lycidas (3.74%) 湾鱼或 Wak Sinai (3.07%)	拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.93%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (7.98%) 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis (7.51%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (6.39%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.87%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (4.36%) 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (3.86%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (3.01%)

断面 Section	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′)		物种丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (D)		均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J′)
断面 Section	平均 Average	范围 Range	平均 Average	范围 Range	平均 Average	范围 Range
连江 Lianjiang	2.19±0.34	1.68-2.74	1.77±0.37	1.24-2.01	0.61±0.07	0.50-0.76
莆田 Putian	2.16±0.45	1.45-2.57	1.59±0.50	0.88-2.42	0.63±0.14	0.39-0.81
泉州 Quanzhou	2.66±0.31	1.92-2.96	2.46±0.72	1.55-3.60	0.68±0.07	0.57-0.75
厦门 Xiamen	2.49±0.32	1.61-2.85	2.09±0.35	1.47-2.67	0.67±0.10	0.38-0.79
东山 Dongshan	2.59±0.41	1.80-3.12	1.97±0.78	0.77-3.07	0.71±0.06	0.62-0.81
汕尾 Shanwei	2.61±0.37	1.73-3.21	2.09±0.63	1.27-3.03	0.70±0.09	0.50-0.82