Effects of coal ash pollution on the genetic diversity of Brachionus calyciflorus based on rDNA ITS sequences

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.241

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, rDNA ITS sequences were analyzed to compare the genetic diversity of Brachionus calyciflorus from the coal ash contaminated (Lake Hui) and two uncontaminated lakes (Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming). The results showed that two sibling species in Brachionus calyciflorus species complex were defined in both Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming, but only one sibling species was found in Lake Hui. The coal ash pollution decreased the number of sibling species. Based on the sequences of sibling species I coexisting in all the three lakes, the haplotype diversity of the rotifer population from Lake Hui was the lowest (h=0.9516), and the nucleotide diversity of the rotifer population from Lake Hui (π=0.0066) was lower than that from Lake Tingtang (π=0.0073) but higher than that from Lake Fengming (π=0.0052). The lowest nucleotide diversity of the rotifer population from Lake Fengming might be attributed to the combined effects of the pollution from surrounding agricultural fields and higher predation pressure from Asplanchna and copepod. Among the three lakes, a lower N_m (1.95) but a higher F_st (0.11358) were found between rotifer populations from Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming, but higherN_m values (>4) were confirmed between the rotifer populations from Lake Hui and Lake Tingtang as well as Lake Hui and Lake Fengming, with the lowerF_st values of 0.03535 and 0.00276, respectively. AMOVA indicated that a higher percentage of variation (12.87%) was found between the populations from Lake Tingtang and Lake Fengming, but lower percentages (3.78% and 2.78%) were evaluated between the populations from Lake Hui and Lake Tingtang as well as Lake Hui and Lake Fengming. There was a moderate level of gene exchange, but no obvious differentiation between the populations from coal ash polluted and unpolluted lakes.

Key words: sequence analysis, power plant, genetic differentiation, heavy metal, water quality analysis

Gen Zhang, Yilong Xi, Yinghao Xue, Xin Hu, Xianling Xiang, Xinli Wen. Effects of coal ash pollution on the genetic diversity of Brachionus calyciflorus based on rDNA ITS sequences[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2010, 18(3): 241-250.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.241

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2010/V18/I3/241

Figures/Tables 7

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指标 Indexes	灰湖 Lake Hui	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang
温度 Temperature (℃)	22	22.3	25
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	10.24	9.26	7.5
pH	9.82	8.5	7.82
可溶性总氮 Total dissolved nitrogen (mg/L)	0.31	1.05	0.8
可溶性总磷 Total dissolved phosphate (mg/L)	0.078	0.06	0.015
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L)	3.25	1.47	1.89
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (μg/L)	8.19	36.58	32.76

指标 Indexes	灰湖 Lake Hui	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang
温度 Temperature (℃)	22	22.3	25
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	10.24	9.26	7.5
pH	9.82	8.5	7.82
可溶性总氮 Total dissolved nitrogen (mg/L)	0.31	1.05	0.8
可溶性总磷 Total dissolved phosphate (mg/L)	0.078	0.06	0.015
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L)	3.25	1.47	1.89
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (μg/L)	8.19	36.58	32.76

元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	水质检测结果 Test results for water quality
元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	灰湖 Lake Hui	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming
Al (mg/L)	396.153	0.0246	-	0.375	BDL	0.033
As (mg/L)	193.696	0.1188	0.1	0.212*	BDL	BDL
B (mg/L)	249.677	0.0144	0.5	2.088*	0.089	0.091
Ba (mg/L)	455.403	0.0096	0.7	0.029	0.062	0.080
Be (mg/L)	234.861	0.0000	0.002	BDL	BDL	BDL
Bi (mg/L)	223.061	0.0225	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Ca (mg/L)	317.933	0.1335	-	68.560	31.120	41.010
Cd (mg/L)	226.502	0.0018	0.01	0.002	BDL	BDL
Co (mg/L)	228.616	0.0027	1.0	BDL	BDL	BDL
Cr (mg/L)	267.716	0.0012	Cr⁶⁺≤0.1	0.055	BDL	BDL
Cu (mg/L)	324.752	0.0009	1	0.001	0.002	0.002
Fe (mg/L)	259.939	0.0174	0.3	BDL	BDL	BDL
K (mg/L)	766.490	0.0612	-	10.78	6.866	7.139
Li (mg/L)	670.784	0.0015	-	0.404	0.008	0.004
Mg (mg/L)	279.077	0.0120	-	0.769	9.827	11.140
Mn (mg/L)	257.610	0.0003	0.1	BDL	0.001	0.005
Mo (mg/L)	202.031	0.0042	0.07	0.346*	0.007	0.013
Na (mg/L)	589.592	0.0120	-	40.180	28.66	31.740
Ni (mg/L)	231.604	0.0021	0.02	BDL	BDL	BDL
Pb (mg/L)	220.353	0.0276	0.1	BDL	BDL	0.034
Pd (mg/L)	340.458	0.0039	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Sb (mg/L)	217.582	0.0033	0.005	0.026*	0.031*	0.023*
Se (mg/L)	196.026	0.0384	0.02	0.164*	BDL	BDL
Si (mg/L)	251.611	0.0084	-	2.293	1.419	0.985
Sn (mg/L)	283.998	0.0279	-	0.069	BDL	BDL
Sr (mg/L)	460.733	0.0183	-	0.888	0.298	0.276
Ti (mg/L)	334.940	0.0069	0.1	BDL	BDL	BDL
V (mg/L)	292.402	0.0201	0.05	0.278*	BDL	BDL
Zn (mg/L)	213.857	0.0018	2	0.005	0.003	0.005
Hg (μg/L)	-	0.0080	1	0.121	0.144	0.113

元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	水质检测结果 Test results for water quality
元素 Elements	波长 Wave length (nm)	检出限 Detection limit	地表水标准限值 Limited values in surface water quality standard	灰湖 Lake Hui	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming
Al (mg/L)	396.153	0.0246	-	0.375	BDL	0.033
As (mg/L)	193.696	0.1188	0.1	0.212*	BDL	BDL
B (mg/L)	249.677	0.0144	0.5	2.088*	0.089	0.091
Ba (mg/L)	455.403	0.0096	0.7	0.029	0.062	0.080
Be (mg/L)	234.861	0.0000	0.002	BDL	BDL	BDL
Bi (mg/L)	223.061	0.0225	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Ca (mg/L)	317.933	0.1335	-	68.560	31.120	41.010
Cd (mg/L)	226.502	0.0018	0.01	0.002	BDL	BDL
Co (mg/L)	228.616	0.0027	1.0	BDL	BDL	BDL
Cr (mg/L)	267.716	0.0012	Cr⁶⁺≤0.1	0.055	BDL	BDL
Cu (mg/L)	324.752	0.0009	1	0.001	0.002	0.002
Fe (mg/L)	259.939	0.0174	0.3	BDL	BDL	BDL
K (mg/L)	766.490	0.0612	-	10.78	6.866	7.139
Li (mg/L)	670.784	0.0015	-	0.404	0.008	0.004
Mg (mg/L)	279.077	0.0120	-	0.769	9.827	11.140
Mn (mg/L)	257.610	0.0003	0.1	BDL	0.001	0.005
Mo (mg/L)	202.031	0.0042	0.07	0.346*	0.007	0.013
Na (mg/L)	589.592	0.0120	-	40.180	28.66	31.740
Ni (mg/L)	231.604	0.0021	0.02	BDL	BDL	BDL
Pb (mg/L)	220.353	0.0276	0.1	BDL	BDL	0.034
Pd (mg/L)	340.458	0.0039	-	BDL	BDL	BDL
Sb (mg/L)	217.582	0.0033	0.005	0.026*	0.031*	0.023*
Se (mg/L)	196.026	0.0384	0.02	0.164*	BDL	BDL
Si (mg/L)	251.611	0.0084	-	2.293	1.419	0.985
Sn (mg/L)	283.998	0.0279	-	0.069	BDL	BDL
Sr (mg/L)	460.733	0.0183	-	0.888	0.298	0.276
Ti (mg/L)	334.940	0.0069	0.1	BDL	BDL	BDL
V (mg/L)	292.402	0.0201	0.05	0.278*	BDL	BDL
Zn (mg/L)	213.857	0.0018	2	0.005	0.003	0.005
Hg (μg/L)	-	0.0080	1	0.121	0.144	0.113

参数 Parameters	灰湖 Lake Hui	凤鸣湖 Lake Fengming	汀棠湖 Lake Tingtang
样本量 Sample size	38	27	9
单倍型总数 No. of haplotype	28	26	9
单倍型多样性 Haplotype diversity	0.9516	0.9943	1.0000
核苷酸多样性 Nucleotide diversity	0.0066	0.0052	0.0073