Avian and mammal diversities and their altitudinal and seasonal distribution patterns in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China

doi:10.17520/biods.2022491

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Due to its altitude and limited human development, the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon area boasts high degree of biodiversity and intact ecosystems. These conditions, have been favorable to the study and discovery of new species in recent years. In this study, we present the results of a comprehensive camera trap survey method implemented throughout the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon area that shows the distribution patterns of the surveyed species.

Methods: From October 2020 to November 2021, infrared remote cameras were set in the Medog County, Bomi County, and Milin County of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon area to determine degree of biodiversity. Camera traps were placed in 116 sites in seven monitoring areas with different altitudes ranging from 646 m to 4,360 m. With a total survey effort of 24,741 camera days, 12,010 independent detections were obtained and relative abundance index (RAI) were calculated. Shannon-Wiener diversity index in different altitude bins and Pianka index were used to analyze the species altitudinal distribution. Seasonal distribution patterns of dry season (October 2020 to March 2021) and rainy season (April 2021 to September 2021) were also compared using seasonal RAI at different camera trap sites.

Results: In total, 37 mammal species, which belong to 4 orders and 14 families, and 99 bird species, which belong to 9 orders and 28 families, were identified. Of these, 51 of the identified species were classified as State Key Protected Species. Ten species were documented with the use of camera for the first time in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon area. These species were the forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), brown bear (Ursus arctos), Asian badger (Meles leucurus), Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica), grey-headed flying squirrel (Petaurista caniceps), particolored flying squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger), Chinese giant flying squirrel (Petaurista xanthotis), Sclater’s monal (Lophophorus sclateri) and Blyth’s tragopan (Tragopan blythii). Species like the dhole (Cuon alpinus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) had higher RAI during the dry season than in the rainy season.

Conclusion: This study reveals high degree of biodiversity in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon area, with high heterogeneity of the altitudinal and seasonal distribution pattern of carnivore and ungulates. The result of this survey provides a biodiversity baseline and a scientific basis for the protection and management of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon area.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, camera trap, biodiversity

Xiangying Shi, Xueyang Li, Chunyue Wei, Ge Sun, Zhen Liu, Xiang Zhao, Jiading Zhou, Jian Fan, Cheng Li, Zhi Lü. Avian and mammal diversities and their altitudinal and seasonal distribution patterns in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2023, 31(2): 22491.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2022491

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2023/V31/I2/22491

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Sketch map of camera trap sites in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China

Table 1 Details of camera trap surveys carried out in seven monitoring areas in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China

监测样区 Monitoring area	相机位点数 No. of camera trap sites	相机位点海拔范围 Site elevation range (m)	相机位点平均海拔 Site average elevation (m)	相机工作日 Total camera days
巴卡 Baka	17	2,674-4,274	3,266	4,466
派镇 Paizhen^①	6	3,676-4,360	4,055	435
德尔贡 De’ergong	38	646-2,613	1,726	7,847
格林 Gelin^②	9	1,559-2,302	1,970	2,217
德果 Deguo	28	972-2,121	1,363	6,023
马迪 Madi	5	1,746-2,607	2,148	1,244
格当 Gedang	13	2,174-2,880	2,605	2,509

Fig. 2 Species accumulative curve of camera trapping survey in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China

Fig. 3 Violin plot of the elevation distribution of carnivores and ungulates in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China

Fig. 4 Relative abundance index (RAI) differences between rainy season and dry season of carnivores and ungulates in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, China. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.

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