Biodiversity of Chordata in the Philippine Sea: A case study based on OBIS

doi:10.17520/biods.2021085

Abstract

Abstract:

AimsThe Philippine Sea is a habitat that produces many important biological resources. The purpose of this paper is to summarize baseline data on the distribution of marine Chordata biodiversity with threatened status, and provide suggestions for conservation planning for marine biodiversity in the Philippine Sea.
Methods In this paper, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN Redlist) were used to collect and assess current biodiversity data of Chordata in the Philippine Sea. A list of Chordata species with threatened status in the Philippine Sea was compiled and sorted. A visualization of the spatial distribution of biodiversity at different taxonomic and threatened levels in this area was also produced. The relationships between the richness at varying taxonomic levels and environmental factors, such as net primary productivity, surface sea temperature, and water depth in the Philippine Sea were also explored by correlation analysis.
Result The results showed that the 2,876 species in the phylum of Chordata in this region belong to 11 classes, 56 orders, 320 families, 1,171 genera. The richness at varying taxonomic levels was high in the waters near the Philippine Islands, Taiwan Island, Japanese Island, the Kyushu Palau ridge, and Mariana Islands, while the richness in the central basin of the Philippine Sea was low. The taxonomic richness and species abundance were positively correlated with primary productivity, but negatively correlated with water depth significantly. Among them, 4 classes, 45 orders, 292 families, 1,105 genera and 2,768 species of fish were recorded in this area, accounting for 96% of the total Chordata species based on the OBIS. Moreover, 54 species of Chordata were included in the IUCN Redlist in this area; these included 3 critically endangered species, 5 endangered species, 22 vulnerable species and 24 near threatened species, accounting for 0.10%, 0.17%, 0.76%, and 0.83% of the total Chordata species, respectively. Like the distribution of biodiversity in this area, the threatened species were mainly localized near the edge and the central ridge of the Philippine Sea, and less so in the central deep-water basin.
Conclusion Based on the results, biodiversity protection measures for Chordata fauna in the Philippine Sea, especially for threatened species, should place the priority on the marginal areas. Due to the insufficient data on deep-sea biodiversity in the Philippine Sea, more surveying efforts should be invested in this area, particularly in the central ridge and deep-water basin.

Key words: Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), Philippine Sea, Chordata, biodiversity, threatened species

Mengxia Wang, Xinyi Chen, Jie Zhang, Yuhang Song, Juan Yang. Biodiversity of Chordata in the Philippine Sea: A case study based on OBIS[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(11): 1481-1489.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2021085

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I11/1481

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Distribution of water depth, sea surface temperature (SST) and net primary productivity (NPP) in the Philippine Sea

Fig. 2 Biodiversity distribution at class, order, family, genus and species levels of marine Chordata in the Philippine Sea

Table 1 Correlation between biodiversity and ecological factors at different taxonomic levels

分类阶元Taxonomic levels	水深 Water depth	净初级生产力Net primary productivity	海水表层温度 Sea surface temperature (SST)
纲 Class	-0.45^**	0.25^**	-0.12^*
目 Order	-0.53^**	0.30^**	-0.12^*
科 Family	-0.51^**	0.25^**	-
属 Genus	-0.48^**	0.24^**	-
种 Species	-0.42^**	0.21^**	-

Fig. 3 Distribution of fish diversity at the class levels in the Philippine Sea

Fig. 4 Distribution of species abundance of Reptilia, Mammalia and Aves in the Philippine Sea

Fig. 5 Abundance distribution of the threatened species at different levels of Chordata in the Philippine Sea

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