Genome size variations and species differentiation of Reaumuria soongarica

doi:10.17520/biods.2021057

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims As a constructive shrub species widely distributed across the temperate deserts of arid Central Asia, Reaumuria soongarica (Tamaricaceae) had undergone divergence and hybridization during its evolutionary history, which make it an ideal model for understanding the molecular basis of biodiversity of desert ecosystems and plant hybrid speciation. However, the ploidy level of different populations of R. soongarica is still unclear, which confines the further study on its speciation mechanism.
Methods To clarify the ploidy level and variation patterns of genome size of different R. soongarica lineages, we investigated the DNA 1C-value of eight R. soongarica populations from the northern lineage (distributed in northern Xinjiang) and its putative parental lineages (the eastern and western lineages) by flow cytometry. The young roots of R. soongarica were selected as the experimental material, and Solanum pimpinellifolium was used as an internal standard species.
Results Our data showed that the DNA 1C-value of the eastern lineage (1.149 ± 0.012 pg) was slightly smaller than that of the western lineage (1.195 ± 0.031 pg), and the DNA 1C-value of the Fukang (FW) and Shawan (SW) populations in the northern lineage was intermediate between that of its parental lineages. However, the DNA 1C-values of the Huoshaoshan (HSS) and Wucaicheng (WCC) populations from the northern lineage were closely twice as those from the eastern and western populations.
Conclusion Considering to the previous results of molecular markers, we infer that the FW and SW populations belong to the homoploid hybrid populations from the eastern and western lineages, while the HSS and WCC populations are allopolyploid hybrid populations. The populations with different ploidy levels in the northern lineage could originate from different hybrid events, which could be classified into different species.

Key words: Reaumuria soongarica, DNA C-value, homoploid hybrid speciation, allopolyploid hybrid speciation, species diversity

Xingke Fan, Xia Yan, Yuanyuan Feng, Jinhua Ran, Chaoju Qian, Xiaoyue Yin, Shanshan Zhou, Tingzhou Fang, Xiaofei Ma. Genome size variations and species differentiation of Reaumuria soongarica[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(10): 1308-1320.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2021057

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I10/1308

Figures/Tables 7

References 73

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简称 Code	地理位置 Location	经纬度 Locality	海拔 Altitude (m)	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	遗传支系 Lineage
HG	甘肃红古 Honggu, Gansu	103.03° E, 36.26° N	1,775	369	东部支系 Eastern
SMY	宁夏四马营 Simaying, Ningxia	106.01° E, 38.50° N	1,175	193	东部支系 Eastern
AKS	新疆阿克苏 Akesu, Xinjiang	79.70° E, 41.57° N	1,491	164	西部支系 Western
CDY	新疆策达雅 Cedaya, Xinjiang	84.86° E, 42.01° N	1,078	80	西部支系 Western
SW	新疆沙湾 Shawan, Xinjiang	85.33° E, 44.32° N	519	150	北疆支系 Northern
FK	新疆阜康 Fukang, Xinjiang	88.13° E, 44.32° N	491	170	北疆支系 Northern
HSS	新疆火烧山 Huoshaoshan, Xinjiang	88.99° E, 44.86° N	478	155	北疆支系 Northern
WCC	新疆五彩城 Wucaicheng, Xinjiang	88.99° E, 45.16° N	773	176	北疆支系 Northern

简称 Code	地理位置 Location	经纬度 Locality	海拔 Altitude (m)	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	遗传支系 Lineage
HG	甘肃红古 Honggu, Gansu	103.03° E, 36.26° N	1,775	369	东部支系 Eastern
SMY	宁夏四马营 Simaying, Ningxia	106.01° E, 38.50° N	1,175	193	东部支系 Eastern
AKS	新疆阿克苏 Akesu, Xinjiang	79.70° E, 41.57° N	1,491	164	西部支系 Western
CDY	新疆策达雅 Cedaya, Xinjiang	84.86° E, 42.01° N	1,078	80	西部支系 Western
SW	新疆沙湾 Shawan, Xinjiang	85.33° E, 44.32° N	519	150	北疆支系 Northern
FK	新疆阜康 Fukang, Xinjiang	88.13° E, 44.32° N	491	170	北疆支系 Northern
HSS	新疆火烧山 Huoshaoshan, Xinjiang	88.99° E, 44.86° N	478	155	北疆支系 Northern
WCC	新疆五彩城 Wucaicheng, Xinjiang	88.99° E, 45.16° N	773	176	北疆支系 Northern

支系 Lineage	群体 Population	红砂属样品G0/G1峰值 Peak values of Reaumuria (G0/G1)	内标番茄G0/G1峰值 Peak values of Solanum pimpinellifolium (G0/G1)	DNA 1C-值 DNA 1C-values (pg)	倍性 Ploidy	一倍体基因组大小 Monoploid genome size (Mb)
西部支系 Western lineage of R. soongarica	AKS	74,192.667 ± 1,381.685	45,988.667 ± 1,264.577	1.219 ± 0.025	2n = 2x	1,192.639 ± 24.701
	CDY	76,255.167 ± 2,643.503	49,239.500 ± 1,725.806	1.170 ± 0.005	2n = 2x	1,144.481 ± 4.816
	平均值 Average	-	-	1.195 ± 0.031	2n = 2x	1,168.560 ± 30.338
东部支系 Eastern lineage of R. soongarica	HG	75,210.667 ± 7,241.285	49,762.333 ± 5,100.729	1.143 ± 0.014	2n = 2x	1,117.586 ± 13.338
	SMY	74,570.500 ± 2,960.292	48,737.333 ± 1,845.872	1.156 ± 0.006	2n = 2x	1,130.655 ± 5.787
	平均值 Average	-	-	1.149 ± 0.012	2n = 2x	1,124.120 ± 11.944
北疆支系 Northern lineage of R. soongarica	SW	77,156.167 ± 3,492.550	49,210.000 ± 1,972.505	1.185 ± 0.009	2n = 2x	1,158.498 ± 9.009
	FK	68,354.000 ± 4,150.933	44,074.167 ± 2,919.187	1.172 ± 0.013	2n = 2x	1,146.490 ± 12.237
	HSS	141,698.000 ± 8,912.053	46,786.333 ± 2,805.389	2.288 ± 0.015	2n = 4x	1,118.938 ± 7.437
	WCC	144,188.167 ± 5,140.113	47,052.500 ± 1,598.277	2.316 ± 0.023	2n = 4x	1,132.291 ± 11.403
五柱红砂 R. kaschgarica	DLH	200,628.333 ± 1,704.432	38,574.000 ± 351.629	3.930 ± 0.006	-	-
红砂干燥叶片 Dehydrated leaves of R. soongarica	AKS	72,426.000 ± 2,382.788	43,371.000 ± 1,417.229	1.262 ± 0.014	2n = 2x	1,234.122 ± 14.060

支系 Lineage	群体 Population	红砂属样品G0/G1峰值 Peak values of Reaumuria (G0/G1)	内标番茄G0/G1峰值 Peak values of Solanum pimpinellifolium (G0/G1)	DNA 1C-值 DNA 1C-values (pg)	倍性 Ploidy	一倍体基因组大小 Monoploid genome size (Mb)
西部支系 Western lineage of R. soongarica	AKS	74,192.667 ± 1,381.685	45,988.667 ± 1,264.577	1.219 ± 0.025	2n = 2x	1,192.639 ± 24.701
	CDY	76,255.167 ± 2,643.503	49,239.500 ± 1,725.806	1.170 ± 0.005	2n = 2x	1,144.481 ± 4.816
	平均值 Average	-	-	1.195 ± 0.031	2n = 2x	1,168.560 ± 30.338
东部支系 Eastern lineage of R. soongarica	HG	75,210.667 ± 7,241.285	49,762.333 ± 5,100.729	1.143 ± 0.014	2n = 2x	1,117.586 ± 13.338
	SMY	74,570.500 ± 2,960.292	48,737.333 ± 1,845.872	1.156 ± 0.006	2n = 2x	1,130.655 ± 5.787
	平均值 Average	-	-	1.149 ± 0.012	2n = 2x	1,124.120 ± 11.944
北疆支系 Northern lineage of R. soongarica	SW	77,156.167 ± 3,492.550	49,210.000 ± 1,972.505	1.185 ± 0.009	2n = 2x	1,158.498 ± 9.009
	FK	68,354.000 ± 4,150.933	44,074.167 ± 2,919.187	1.172 ± 0.013	2n = 2x	1,146.490 ± 12.237
	HSS	141,698.000 ± 8,912.053	46,786.333 ± 2,805.389	2.288 ± 0.015	2n = 4x	1,118.938 ± 7.437
	WCC	144,188.167 ± 5,140.113	47,052.500 ± 1,598.277	2.316 ± 0.023	2n = 4x	1,132.291 ± 11.403
五柱红砂 R. kaschgarica	DLH	200,628.333 ± 1,704.432	38,574.000 ± 351.629	3.930 ± 0.006	-	-
红砂干燥叶片 Dehydrated leaves of R. soongarica	AKS	72,426.000 ± 2,382.788	43,371.000 ± 1,417.229	1.262 ± 0.014	2n = 2x	1,234.122 ± 14.060