Evaluation indicator system for the recreational sustainability management of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster

doi:10.17520/biods.2020401

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The establishment of an evaluation indicator system of recreational sustainability management is extremely important for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster to guide scientific planning and construction, promote recreational sustainability management, regulate the behaviors of market subjects and visitors, and protect the important and fragile ecological environment.

Methods: Based on scientific investigation of the potential construction area of national park cluster, taking demands as orientation, the demand of national park cluster for recreational sustainability management evaluation indicator is analyzed. Guided by global consensus, the applicability of Global Sustainability Tourism Criteria for Destinations in national park cluster is discussed. Guided by experience, the management emphases of recreational sustainability of national parks in major countries is summarized.

Results: The recreational sustainability management evaluation indicator system for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster has been established, including five first-level indicators of system construction, economy, society, culture and ecological environment, 15 second-level indicators and 34 third-level indicators.

Conclusion & suggestions: The recreational sustainability management evaluation indicator system for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster has regional, representative, systematic and pragmatic characteristics. The application of the Recreational Sustainability Management Evaluation Indicator System for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster needs to be supported by monitoring and statistical systems. However, the foundation of these two fields in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster is relatively weak. In order to apply the evaluation indicator system of recreational sustainability management, it is suggested to improve related monitoring and statistics systems. On the one hand, priority should be given to monitoring number of visitors, rare and endemic species, water environment quality, vegetation coverage, authenticity, and integrity of cultural heritage in the national park cluster potential construction area. On the other hand, it is necessary to give priority to strengthen the statistical work on the visitor attributes, visitors' satisfaction, local community satisfaction, the contribution of recreation to local economic and social development, and the waste disposal rate of recreation.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, national park cluster, recreation, sustainability, evaluation, indicator

Conglin Zhang, Mengzhen Chu, Huizhi Zhang, Haijuan Qiao, Baorong Huang. Evaluation indicator system for the recreational sustainability management of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau national park cluster[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(6): 780-789.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2020401

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I6/780

Figures/Tables 2

References 30

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评估领域 Evaluation field	评估指标 Evaluation indicator	适用性判定标准 Applicability criteria									指标适用性 Indicator applicability
评估领域 Evaluation field	评估指标 Evaluation indicator	E1	E2	E3	E4		E5			E6	指标适用性 Indicator applicability
(A)目的地可持续的营运表现 Demonstrate sustainable destination management	(A1)旅游战略 Tourism strategy	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(A2)旅游管理组织 Tourism management organization	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(A3)监测体系 Monitoring	√	√							√	○
	(A4)应对气候变化 Climate change adaptation	√	√	√						√	○
	(A5)景观资源普查 Inventory of attraction sites	√	√				√			√	○
	(A6)规划法规体系 Planning regulations	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(A7)满足不同人群的可进入性条件 Access for all										×
	(A8)所有权的获得与保障 Property acquisitions										×
	(A9)游客满意度监测与改进 Tourist satisfaction	√	√	√							○
	(A10)可持续性水平的提高 Sustainability standards			√	√		√			√	×
	(A11)旅游安全设施与措施 Safety and security	√	√								○
	(A12)危机预防与应急救援 Crisis and emergency preparedness and response	√	√	√			√			√	○
	(A13)宣传促销 Promotion	√		√	√						?
(B)当地社区的可持续性水平的提高社会/经济效益最大化/负面影响最小化 Maximize economic benefits to the host community and minimize negative impacts	(B1)经济发展监测 Economic monitoring	√	√	√	√						○
	(B2)居民就业机会 Local career opportunities	√	√		√						○
	(B3)利益相关者的参与机制 Stakeholder participation	√		√	√		√			√	?
	(B4)当地社区民意 Local community opinion	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(B5)当地居民的进入与访问权利 Local access	√	√				√			√	○
	(B6)提升可持续旅游意识 Tourism awareness				√		√			√	×
	(B7)反对剥削 Preventing exploitation										×
	(B8)支持社区发展 Support for community	√	√	√	√						○
	(B9)支持本土企业与公平贸易 Supporting local entrepreneurs and fair trade	√	√	√	√						○
(C)游客体验/文化传承/遗产保护效益最大化/负面影响最小化 Maximize benefits to communities, visitors, and cultural heritage and minimize negative impacts	(C1)旅游吸引物保护 Attraction protection	√	√				√			√	○
	(C2)游客管理 Visitor management	√	√				√			√	○
	(C3)游客行为指南 Visitor behavior	√	√				√			√	○
	(C4)文化遗产保护 Cultural heritage protection	√	√				√				○
	(C5)景区景点解说 Site interpretation	√	√				√			√	○
	(C6)知识产权 Intellectual property			√			√				×
	(C7)游客参与可持续发展 Visitor contributions				√		√			√	×
(D)环境效益最大化/负面影响最小化 Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts	(D1)环境风险评估与处置 Environmental risks	√	√						√		○
	(D2)脆弱环境保护 Protection of sensitive environments	√	√						√		○
	(D3)野生物种保护 Wildlife protection	√	√					√	√		○
	(D4)温室气体减排 Greenhouse gas emissions								√		×
	(D5)节约能源 Energy conservation								√		×
	(D6)水资源管理与供需保障 Water management and security	√	√	√		√			√		○
	(D7)水质监测 Water quality	√	√						√		○
	(D8)废水管理 Wastewater	√	√						√		○
	(D9)固体废弃物减排 Solid waste reduction	√	√						√		○
	(D10)噪音与光污染控制 Light and noise pollution	√	√						√		○
	(D11)降低交通的负面影响 Low impact transport	√	√						√		○

评估领域 Evaluation field	评估指标 Evaluation indicator	适用性判定标准 Applicability criteria									指标适用性 Indicator applicability
评估领域 Evaluation field	评估指标 Evaluation indicator	E1	E2	E3	E4		E5			E6	指标适用性 Indicator applicability
(A)目的地可持续的营运表现 Demonstrate sustainable destination management	(A1)旅游战略 Tourism strategy	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(A2)旅游管理组织 Tourism management organization	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(A3)监测体系 Monitoring	√	√							√	○
	(A4)应对气候变化 Climate change adaptation	√	√	√						√	○
	(A5)景观资源普查 Inventory of attraction sites	√	√				√			√	○
	(A6)规划法规体系 Planning regulations	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(A7)满足不同人群的可进入性条件 Access for all										×
	(A8)所有权的获得与保障 Property acquisitions										×
	(A9)游客满意度监测与改进 Tourist satisfaction	√	√	√							○
	(A10)可持续性水平的提高 Sustainability standards			√	√		√			√	×
	(A11)旅游安全设施与措施 Safety and security	√	√								○
	(A12)危机预防与应急救援 Crisis and emergency preparedness and response	√	√	√			√			√	○
	(A13)宣传促销 Promotion	√		√	√						?
(B)当地社区的可持续性水平的提高社会/经济效益最大化/负面影响最小化 Maximize economic benefits to the host community and minimize negative impacts	(B1)经济发展监测 Economic monitoring	√	√	√	√						○
	(B2)居民就业机会 Local career opportunities	√	√		√						○
	(B3)利益相关者的参与机制 Stakeholder participation	√		√	√		√			√	?
	(B4)当地社区民意 Local community opinion	√	√	√	√		√			√	○
	(B5)当地居民的进入与访问权利 Local access	√	√				√			√	○
	(B6)提升可持续旅游意识 Tourism awareness				√		√			√	×
	(B7)反对剥削 Preventing exploitation										×
	(B8)支持社区发展 Support for community	√	√	√	√						○
	(B9)支持本土企业与公平贸易 Supporting local entrepreneurs and fair trade	√	√	√	√						○
(C)游客体验/文化传承/遗产保护效益最大化/负面影响最小化 Maximize benefits to communities, visitors, and cultural heritage and minimize negative impacts	(C1)旅游吸引物保护 Attraction protection	√	√				√			√	○
	(C2)游客管理 Visitor management	√	√				√			√	○
	(C3)游客行为指南 Visitor behavior	√	√				√			√	○
	(C4)文化遗产保护 Cultural heritage protection	√	√				√				○
	(C5)景区景点解说 Site interpretation	√	√				√			√	○
	(C6)知识产权 Intellectual property			√			√				×
	(C7)游客参与可持续发展 Visitor contributions				√		√			√	×
(D)环境效益最大化/负面影响最小化 Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts	(D1)环境风险评估与处置 Environmental risks	√	√						√		○
	(D2)脆弱环境保护 Protection of sensitive environments	√	√						√		○
	(D3)野生物种保护 Wildlife protection	√	√					√	√		○
	(D4)温室气体减排 Greenhouse gas emissions								√		×
	(D5)节约能源 Energy conservation								√		×
	(D6)水资源管理与供需保障 Water management and security	√	√	√		√			√		○
	(D7)水质监测 Water quality	√	√						√		○
	(D8)废水管理 Wastewater	√	√						√		○
	(D9)固体废弃物减排 Solid waste reduction	√	√						√		○
	(D10)噪音与光污染控制 Light and noise pollution	√	√						√		○
	(D11)降低交通的负面影响 Low impact transport	√	√						√		○

管理方面 Management field	重点指标 Key indicators	国家数 No. of countries
经济 Economy (MA)	(1)游憩基础设施完整性 Integrity of recreational infrastructures	4
	(2)访客到访量 The number of visitors	4
	(3)访客可进入性(公路、铁路建设) Visitor accessibility (highway and railway)	8
社会 Society (MB)	(1)多方参与(政府机构、社区团体、私营组织、非政府组织、公众等) Multi party participation (government organizations, community groups, private organizations, NGOs, the public, etc.)	9
	(2)公众教育 Public education	3
文化 Culture (MC)	(1)文化遗产保护(预防访客对原住民圣地、洞窟岩画的破坏) Cultural heritage protection (preventing visitors from damaging aboriginal holy sites and cave rock paintings)	3
生态环境 Ecological environment (MD)	(1)生物多样性 Biodiversity	5
生态环境 Ecological environment (MD)	(2)野生动物数量 The number of wild animals	5
	(3)环境教育 Environmental education	4
制度建设 System construction (ME)	(1)法律法规建设 Construction of laws and regulations	6
制度建设 System construction (ME)	(2)完善管理体制 Management system improvement	3

管理方面 Management field	重点指标 Key indicators	国家数 No. of countries
经济 Economy (MA)	(1)游憩基础设施完整性 Integrity of recreational infrastructures	4
	(2)访客到访量 The number of visitors	4
	(3)访客可进入性(公路、铁路建设) Visitor accessibility (highway and railway)	8
社会 Society (MB)	(1)多方参与(政府机构、社区团体、私营组织、非政府组织、公众等) Multi party participation (government organizations, community groups, private organizations, NGOs, the public, etc.)	9
	(2)公众教育 Public education	3
文化 Culture (MC)	(1)文化遗产保护(预防访客对原住民圣地、洞窟岩画的破坏) Cultural heritage protection (preventing visitors from damaging aboriginal holy sites and cave rock paintings)	3
生态环境 Ecological environment (MD)	(1)生物多样性 Biodiversity	5
生态环境 Ecological environment (MD)	(2)野生动物数量 The number of wild animals	5
	(3)环境教育 Environmental education	4
制度建设 System construction (ME)	(1)法律法规建设 Construction of laws and regulations	6
制度建设 System construction (ME)	(2)完善管理体制 Management system improvement	3