Faunal communities of deep soil layers in suburban Beijing

doi:10.17520/biods.2018027

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to reveal composition of faunal communities in deep soil, we investigated soil at 30 and 55 cm at the Olympic Campus of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in a suburb of Beijing using trap collectors. A total of 10,163 individuals representing 20 orders belonging to ten classes and three phyla were captured in eight surveys carried out over five years. The dominant groups were Hymenoptera (61.0%), Acarina (12.1%) and Collembola (11.2%). The individuals and groups in the 30 cm soil layer were greater than at 55 cm. The dominant group of the 30 cm soil layer was Hymenoptera (69.4%) while at 55 cm, Hymenoptera (45.7%), Acarina (21.8%) and Collembola (16.4%) were all dominant. The number of individuals and groups recorded from April to October was greater than October to April of the next year. Annelida appeared only between October to April of the next year, while Thysanoptera, Psocoptera, Dermaptera appeared only between April to October. The lowest Jaccard value of soil faunal communities in different vegetation forms was 0.75. None of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index showed significant differences between different vegetation types (P > 0.05). The results showed that there were abundant soil faunal communities in deep soil. The number of individuals and groups decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil faunal community structure was different in different seasons and the composition was highly similar between different vegetation types.

Key words: soil animal, community structure, deep soil, diversity, treelawn

Wei Mo, Zhiliang Wang, You Li, Jianjun Guo, Runzhi Zhang. Faunal communities of deep soil layers in suburban Beijing[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(3): 248-257.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2018027

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2018/V26/I3/248

Figures/Tables 6

References 33

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	夏秋季 April to October			冬春季 October to April of the next year
	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	3,719	69.7	+++	1,413	48.7	+++
同翅目 Homoptera	142	2.7	++	114	3.9	++
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	77	1.4	++	83	2.9	++
双翅目 Diptera	154	2.9	++	146	5	++
半翅目 Hemiptera	4	0.1	+	2	0.1	+
直翅目 Orthoptera	38	0.7	+	2	0.1	+
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	2	0	+
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0	+
革翅目 Dermaptera	2	0	+
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	74	1.4	++	32	1.1	++
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.1	+	17	0.6	+
蜱螨目 Acarina	572	10.7	+++	406	14	+++
蜘蛛目 Araneae	42	0.8	+	24	0.8	+
带马陆目 Polydesmida	15	0.3	+	10	0.3	+
弹尾目 Collembola	264	4.9	++	548	18.9	+++
双尾目 Diplura	73	1.4	++	37	1.3	++
等足目 Isopoda	93	1.7	++	51	1.8	++
综合目 Symphyla	16	0.3	+	1	0	+
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	43	0.8	+	12	0.4	+
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+
总数 Total	5,338			2,899

	夏秋季 April to October			冬春季 October to April of the next year
	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	3,719	69.7	+++	1,413	48.7	+++
同翅目 Homoptera	142	2.7	++	114	3.9	++
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	77	1.4	++	83	2.9	++
双翅目 Diptera	154	2.9	++	146	5	++
半翅目 Hemiptera	4	0.1	+	2	0.1	+
直翅目 Orthoptera	38	0.7	+	2	0.1	+
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	2	0	+
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0	+
革翅目 Dermaptera	2	0	+
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	74	1.4	++	32	1.1	++
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.1	+	17	0.6	+
蜱螨目 Acarina	572	10.7	+++	406	14	+++
蜘蛛目 Araneae	42	0.8	+	24	0.8	+
带马陆目 Polydesmida	15	0.3	+	10	0.3	+
弹尾目 Collembola	264	4.9	++	548	18.9	+++
双尾目 Diplura	73	1.4	++	37	1.3	++
等足目 Isopoda	93	1.7	++	51	1.8	++
综合目 Symphyla	16	0.3	+	1	0	+
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	43	0.8	+	12	0.4	+
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+
总数 Total	5,338			2,899

类群 Group	草本型 Lawn			灌木型 Shrubbery			乔木型 Arboreal forest			混合型 Mixed forest			食性 Feeding habit
类群 Group	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	食性 Feeding habit
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	778	49.1	+++	1,397	49.7	+++	1,732	66.3	+++	2,288	72.5	+++	O
同翅目 Homoptera	67	4.2	++	129	4.6	++	113	4.3	++	9	0.3	+	O
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	52	3.3	++	60	2.1	++	69	2.6	++	30	1	++	Pr
双翅目 Diptera	24	1.5	++	55	2	++	210	8	++	30	1	++	S
半翅目 Hemiptera	2	0.1	+	2	0.1	+				2	0.1	+	Ph
直翅目 Orthoptera	4	0.3	+	3	0.1	+	16	0.6	+	17	0.5	+	Ph
缨翅目 Thysanoptera										2	0.1	+	Ph
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0.1	+										Ph
革翅目 Dermaptera							2	0.1	+				O
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	29	1.8	++	65	2.3	++	26	1	++	19	0.6	+	Pr
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.4	+	24	0.9	+	3	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	Pr
蜱螨目 Acarina	230	14.5	+++	511	18.2	+++	138	5.3	++	347	11	+++	O
蜘蛛目 Araneae	6	0.4	+	38	1.4	++	27	1	++	10	0.3	+	Pr
带马陆目 Polydesmida	2	0.1	+	14	0.5	+	13	0.5	+	5	0.2	+	Ph
弹尾目 Collembola	283	17.9	+++	282	10	+++	235	9	++	337	10.7	+++	O
双尾目 Diplura	44	2.8	++	83	3	++	15	0.6	+	15	0.5	+	D
等足目 Isopoda	25	1.6	++	100	3.6	++	5	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	S
综合目 Symphyla	16	1	++	4	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	8	0.3	+	Pr
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	13	0.8	+	45	1.6	++	4	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	Ph
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+				2	0.1	+	S
总数 Total	1,583			2,813			2,613			3,154

类群 Group	草本型 Lawn			灌木型 Shrubbery			乔木型 Arboreal forest			混合型 Mixed forest			食性 Feeding habit
类群 Group	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	食性 Feeding habit
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	778	49.1	+++	1,397	49.7	+++	1,732	66.3	+++	2,288	72.5	+++	O
同翅目 Homoptera	67	4.2	++	129	4.6	++	113	4.3	++	9	0.3	+	O
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	52	3.3	++	60	2.1	++	69	2.6	++	30	1	++	Pr
双翅目 Diptera	24	1.5	++	55	2	++	210	8	++	30	1	++	S
半翅目 Hemiptera	2	0.1	+	2	0.1	+				2	0.1	+	Ph
直翅目 Orthoptera	4	0.3	+	3	0.1	+	16	0.6	+	17	0.5	+	Ph
缨翅目 Thysanoptera										2	0.1	+	Ph
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0.1	+										Ph
革翅目 Dermaptera							2	0.1	+				O
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	29	1.8	++	65	2.3	++	26	1	++	19	0.6	+	Pr
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.4	+	24	0.9	+	3	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	Pr
蜱螨目 Acarina	230	14.5	+++	511	18.2	+++	138	5.3	++	347	11	+++	O
蜘蛛目 Araneae	6	0.4	+	38	1.4	++	27	1	++	10	0.3	+	Pr
带马陆目 Polydesmida	2	0.1	+	14	0.5	+	13	0.5	+	5	0.2	+	Ph
弹尾目 Collembola	283	17.9	+++	282	10	+++	235	9	++	337	10.7	+++	O
双尾目 Diplura	44	2.8	++	83	3	++	15	0.6	+	15	0.5	+	D
等足目 Isopoda	25	1.6	++	100	3.6	++	5	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	S
综合目 Symphyla	16	1	++	4	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	8	0.3	+	Pr
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	13	0.8	+	45	1.6	++	4	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	Ph
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+				2	0.1	+	S
总数 Total	1,583			2,813			2,613			3,154

绿化带类型 Treelawn	灌木型 Shrubbery	乔木型 Arboreal forest	混合型 Mixed forest
草本型 Lawn	0.79	0.83	0.75
灌木型 Shrubbery		0.83	0.75
乔木型 Arboreal forest			0.79