Influence of long-term fertilization on the community structure and diversity of soybean rhizobia in black soil

doi:10.17520/biods.2014148

Abstract

Abstract:

The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of long-term fertilization on the community structure and diversity of soybean rhizobia in black soil. BOX-PCR, IGS-PCR-RFLP and 16S rDNA gene sequencing methods were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the 254 soybean rhizobia isolated from 7 treatments at Heilongjiang Long-term Fertilization Experiment Station. The 7 treatments were as follows: no fertilization (CK), organic manure (OM), chemical nitrogen (N₁), double chemical nitrogen (N₂), chemical nitrogen-phosphorus (N₁P₁), double chemical nitrogen-phosphorus (N₂P₂), chemical nitrogen plus organic manure (N₁+OM). Soil properties were measured and analyzed to test for relationships with the community and diversity of soybean rhizobia. All of the tested rhizobia belonged to Bradyrhizobium, of which the majority were closely related to B. japonicum and the others closely to B. liaoningense. BOX-PCR fingerprints showed that the tested rhizobia could be divided into 15 groups at 70% similarity level. These groups clustered into 3 communities that correspond to no chemical fertilizer treatments (CK, OM), chemical nitrogen fertilizer treatments (N₁, N₂, N₁+OM), and chemical nitrogen-phosphorus treatments (N₁P₁, N₂P₂), respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that pH, available N, and available P of the soil were significantly correlated with the community of rhizobia (P=0.002, 0.004, 0.002, respectively). Soybean rhizobia diversity indices varied significantly among fertilization treatments. Shannon-Wiener and species richness index were highest in N₂P₂ and Simpson index was highest in the OM treatment. The species richness, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index in N₁and N₂were significantly lower than those in other treatments. The results of path analysis showed that the pH and available P had the greatest direct positive effects on the 3 indices, and that available N indirectly affected the 3 indices through pH. In conclusion, long-term chemical fertilization results in changes to community structure of soybean rhizobia in black soil, and application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by itself reduces the diversity of soybean rhizobia, while application of nitrogen- phosphorus has the opposite effect.

Key words: diversity indices, BOX-PCR, IGS-PCR-RFLP, canonical correspondence analysis, path analysis

Dawei Guan, Li Li, Xin Jiang, Mingchao Ma, Fengming Cao, Baoku Zhou, Jun Li. Influence of long-term fertilization on the community structure and diversity of soybean rhizobia in black soil[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2015, 23(1): 68-78.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2014148

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2015/V23/I1/68

Figures/Tables 9

References 41

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处理 Treatment	施肥种类 Fertilizer type	施用量 Dose of fertilization (kg/ha)	菌株数量 Number of strains
CK	不施肥 No fertilizer	0	32
OM	马粪 Horse manure	18,600	32
N₁+OM	尿素+马粪 Urea + Horse manure	75+18,600	45
N₁	尿素 Urea	75	48
N₂	尿素 Urea	150	41
N₁P₁	尿素+过磷酸钙 Urea & Calcium superphosphate	75+150	28
N₂P₂	尿素+过磷酸钙 Urea & Calcium superphosphate	150 +300	28

处理 Treatment	施肥种类 Fertilizer type	施用量 Dose of fertilization (kg/ha)	菌株数量 Number of strains
CK	不施肥 No fertilizer	0	32
OM	马粪 Horse manure	18,600	32
N₁+OM	尿素+马粪 Urea + Horse manure	75+18,600	45
N₁	尿素 Urea	75	48
N₂	尿素 Urea	150	41
N₁P₁	尿素+过磷酸钙 Urea & Calcium superphosphate	75+150	28
N₂P₂	尿素+过磷酸钙 Urea & Calcium superphosphate	150 +300	28

施肥处理 Treatments	pH	有机质含量 Organic manure (g/kg)	速效氮含量 Available N (mg/kg)	速效磷含量 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾含量 Available K (mg/kg)
CK	6.91^b	22.3^d	54.10^e	2.32^f	175.27^b
OM	7.01^a	25.0^b	76.96^c	13.02^d	201.85^a
N₁	5.94^d	22.9^cd	75.85^c	2.92^f	158.40^d
N₂	5.00^e	23.0^c	95.39^a	5.48^e	143.78^e
N₁P₁	5.94^d	24.5^b	69.12^d	58.10^b	167.00^c
N₂P₂	4.94^e	23.6^c	95.65^a	124.93^a	154.12^d
N₁+OM	6.32^c	28.0^a	85.72^b	14.35^c	199.58^a

施肥处理 Treatments	pH	有机质含量 Organic manure (g/kg)	速效氮含量 Available N (mg/kg)	速效磷含量 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾含量 Available K (mg/kg)
CK	6.91^b	22.3^d	54.10^e	2.32^f	175.27^b
OM	7.01^a	25.0^b	76.96^c	13.02^d	201.85^a
N₁	5.94^d	22.9^cd	75.85^c	2.92^f	158.40^d
N₂	5.00^e	23.0^c	95.39^a	5.48^e	143.78^e
N₁P₁	5.94^d	24.5^b	69.12^d	58.10^b	167.00^c
N₂P₂	4.94^e	23.6^c	95.65^a	124.93^a	154.12^d
N₁+OM	6.32^c	28.0^a	85.72^b	14.35^c	199.58^a

多样性指数 Diversity index	施肥处理 Treatments
多样性指数 Diversity index	CK	OM	N₁	N₂	N₁P₁	N₂P₂	N₁+OM
丰富度指数 Richness index	1.485^b*	1.553^b	1.101^d	0.281^e	1.294^c	2.175^a	1.108^d
Simpson指数 Simpson index	0.767^a	0.815^a	0.562^c	0.431^c	0.682^b	0.707^b	0.706^b
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	1.416^b	1.249^c	0.993^d	0.622^e	1.444^b	1.572^a	1.404^b