Path analysis of zooplankton diversity and environmental factors in the water sources rivers, Zhejiang Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2019319

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to understand zooplankton diversity and their relationship with water environmental factors, we monitored zooplankton abundance as a measure of water quality. Forty samples were collected at two sampling stations (H1 and H2) of water sources rivers, Zhejiang Province in the winter (January), spring (April), summer (July) and autumn (October), annually from 2010 to 2014. We also measured environmental variables at the stations. The average abundance of zooplankton in stations H1 and H2 were 1,387.4 ind./L and 873 ind./L, respectively. The abundance of small zooplankton (rotifer + copepod nauplii) accounted for 92.8% of the abundance at station H1 and 91.5% at station H2. Dominant species of Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda in the two sampling stations were Polyarthra trigla, Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Thermocyclops sp., respectively. Multivariate stepwise regression and path analysis showed that N∶P was the limiting factor for Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of rotifers in winter and had indirect effects (+) on the rotifers mainly through TP. N∶P was also the deciding factor for H' of rotifers in spring and could have greater indirect effects (+) on rotifers in autumn through TN. The content of NH₄ ⁺-N and TN were the deciding and limiting factors, respectively, for size diversity index (Hs) of crustaceans in winter. DO was a limiting factor for species richness of total zooplankton (d) in summer, having a large indirect effect (+) mainly through pH. We believe this to be due to significant increases in H' of rotifers with the rising DO (P < 0.01), while the Hs index of crustacean declined significantly (P < 0.05). The relationship between water environmental factors and zooplankton diversity in water source rivers provides the possibility for ecological monitoring of water sources.

Key words: rivers, Rotifera, crustacean, diversity index, path analysis, water sources

Gongguo Li, Ping Li, Hangying Xu, Haiyan Yu, Jian Yu. Path analysis of zooplankton diversity and environmental factors in the water sources rivers, Zhejiang Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(2): 166-175.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019319

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I2/166

Figures/Tables 10

References 30

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月份 Month	采样站 Station	pH	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/L)	氮磷比 N∶P	藻类密度 Algal density (× 10⁴ind./L)	种类数 No. of species	丰度 Abundance (ind./L)
1	H1	7.43 ± 0.11	4.92 ± 1.62^b	6.29 ± 1.13^a	0.235 ± 0.084^b	2.35 ± 0.81^a	30.0 ± 11.5^a	21.2 ± 20.6^b	19.4 ± 3.4	684 ± 548^ab
1	H2	7.50 ± 0.23	6.66 ± 2.47^a	4.57 ± 1.78^abc	0.280 ± 0.157^b	1.94 ± 1.19^ab	17.9 ± 4.7^bc	54.9 ± 70.1^ab	14.0 ± 4.8	293 ± 533^b
4	H1	7.41 ± 0.23	4.06 ± 1.38^b	5.50 ± 1.43^ab	0.262 ± 0.097^b	2.44 ± 0.98^a	25.1 ± 14.4^ab	66.6 ± 60.8^ab	15.4 ± 2.7	1,693 ± 1,192^ab
4	H2	7.50 ± 0.16	6.58 ± 0.70^a	5.33 ± 1.38^ab	0.276 ± 0.119^b	1.19 ± 0.88^bc	22.0 ± 8.8^ab	115.1 ± 126.2^a	16.2 ± 3.3	942 ± 846^ab
7	H1	7.33 ± 0.11	2.84 ± 1.69^b	3.96 ± 1.48^bc	0.449 ± 0.088^a	1.88 ± 0.97^ab	8.8 ± 2.4^c	44.0 ± 67.9^ab	22.0 ± 5.1	2,419 ± 2,681^a
7	H2	7.46 ± 0.19	6.96 ± 2.61^a	3.84 ± 1.57^bc	0.433 ± 0.084^a	0.66 ± 0.47^c	9.0 ± 3.2^c	32.8 ± 21.3^b	21.0 ± 7.7	1,762 ± 2,132^ab
10	H1	7.30 ± 0.13	3.45 ± 1.15^b	3.39 ± 1.59^c	0.201 ± 0.047^b	0.96 ± 0.61^bc	16.3 ± 4.8^bc	26.9 ± 23.0^b	22.8 ± 6.6	508 ± 395^b
10	H2	7.44 ± 0.21	6.18 ± 1.53^a	2.97 ± 1.52^c	0.170 ± 0.066^b	0.26 ± 0.13^c	18.6 ± 9.9^bc	37.9 ± 19.6^ab	13.6 ± 4.0	407 ± 421^b

月份 Month	采样站 Station	pH	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/L)	氮磷比 N∶P	藻类密度 Algal density (× 10⁴ind./L)	种类数 No. of species	丰度 Abundance (ind./L)
1	H1	7.43 ± 0.11	4.92 ± 1.62^b	6.29 ± 1.13^a	0.235 ± 0.084^b	2.35 ± 0.81^a	30.0 ± 11.5^a	21.2 ± 20.6^b	19.4 ± 3.4	684 ± 548^ab
1	H2	7.50 ± 0.23	6.66 ± 2.47^a	4.57 ± 1.78^abc	0.280 ± 0.157^b	1.94 ± 1.19^ab	17.9 ± 4.7^bc	54.9 ± 70.1^ab	14.0 ± 4.8	293 ± 533^b
4	H1	7.41 ± 0.23	4.06 ± 1.38^b	5.50 ± 1.43^ab	0.262 ± 0.097^b	2.44 ± 0.98^a	25.1 ± 14.4^ab	66.6 ± 60.8^ab	15.4 ± 2.7	1,693 ± 1,192^ab
4	H2	7.50 ± 0.16	6.58 ± 0.70^a	5.33 ± 1.38^ab	0.276 ± 0.119^b	1.19 ± 0.88^bc	22.0 ± 8.8^ab	115.1 ± 126.2^a	16.2 ± 3.3	942 ± 846^ab
7	H1	7.33 ± 0.11	2.84 ± 1.69^b	3.96 ± 1.48^bc	0.449 ± 0.088^a	1.88 ± 0.97^ab	8.8 ± 2.4^c	44.0 ± 67.9^ab	22.0 ± 5.1	2,419 ± 2,681^a
7	H2	7.46 ± 0.19	6.96 ± 2.61^a	3.84 ± 1.57^bc	0.433 ± 0.084^a	0.66 ± 0.47^c	9.0 ± 3.2^c	32.8 ± 21.3^b	21.0 ± 7.7	1,762 ± 2,132^ab
10	H1	7.30 ± 0.13	3.45 ± 1.15^b	3.39 ± 1.59^c	0.201 ± 0.047^b	0.96 ± 0.61^bc	16.3 ± 4.8^bc	26.9 ± 23.0^b	22.8 ± 6.6	508 ± 395^b
10	H2	7.44 ± 0.21	6.18 ± 1.53^a	2.97 ± 1.52^c	0.170 ± 0.066^b	0.26 ± 0.13^c	18.6 ± 9.9^bc	37.9 ± 19.6^ab	13.6 ± 4.0	407 ± 421^b

季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	重要因子 Important factor		R	P
季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	决策因子 Deciding factor	限制因子 Limiting factor	R	P
冬季 Winter	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 4.67 + 0.71TN - 13.45TP - 0.13N∶P	NH₄⁺-N (0.532)	N∶P (-4.569)	0.903	0.0130
	Hs	10	Hs = 1.89 - 0.21TN + 0.38NH₄⁺-N + 0.04N∶P -0.01PD		TN (-1.342)	0.987	0.0005
春季 Spring	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 1.75 + 0.26TN - 0.13NH₄⁺-N - 0.02N∶P	N∶P (0.388)		0.868	0.0295
	Hs	10	-
夏季 Summer	d	10	d = -57.11 + 8.70pH - 0.38DO - 4.39TP - 0.01PD		DO (-1.351)	0.898	0.0493
	H′	10	H′ = 0.28 + 0.13DO + 2.92TP + 0.002PD	DO (0.706)		0.968	0.0006
	Hs	10	Hs = 2.96 - 0.12DO			0.680	0.0307
秋季 Autumn	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 2.21 + 0.65TN - 0.07N∶P - 0.03PD	PD (0.109)		0.863	0.0326
	Hs	10	-

季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	重要因子 Important factor		R	P
季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	决策因子 Deciding factor	限制因子 Limiting factor	R	P
冬季 Winter	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 4.67 + 0.71TN - 13.45TP - 0.13N∶P	NH₄⁺-N (0.532)	N∶P (-4.569)	0.903	0.0130
	Hs	10	Hs = 1.89 - 0.21TN + 0.38NH₄⁺-N + 0.04N∶P -0.01PD		TN (-1.342)	0.987	0.0005
春季 Spring	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 1.75 + 0.26TN - 0.13NH₄⁺-N - 0.02N∶P	N∶P (0.388)		0.868	0.0295
	Hs	10	-
夏季 Summer	d	10	d = -57.11 + 8.70pH - 0.38DO - 4.39TP - 0.01PD		DO (-1.351)	0.898	0.0493
	H′	10	H′ = 0.28 + 0.13DO + 2.92TP + 0.002PD	DO (0.706)		0.968	0.0006
	Hs	10	Hs = 2.96 - 0.12DO			0.680	0.0307
秋季 Autumn	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 2.21 + 0.65TN - 0.07N∶P - 0.03PD	PD (0.109)		0.863	0.0326
	Hs	10	-

因子 Factor	相关系数 Correlative coefficient	直接作用系数 Direct path coefficient	间接作用系数之和 Total of indirect path coefficient	间接作用系数 Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Correlative coefficient	直接作用系数 Direct path coefficient	间接作用系数之和 Total of indirect path coefficient	→Total nitrogen	→Total phosphorus	→NH₄⁺-N	→N∶P
Total nitrogen	0.093 (0.565)	1.683 (0.784)	-1.590 (-0.219)		-0.845	(-0.226)	-0.745 (0.007)
Total phosphorus	-0.467	-2.322	1.856	0.612			1.244
NH₄⁺-N	(0.267)	(-0.325)	(0.592)	(0.544)			(0.047)
N∶P	0.222 (-0.623)	-1.927 (-0.638)	2.149 (0.015)	0.651 (-0.009)	1.498	(0.024)