基于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所馆藏标本分析青藏高原雀形目鸟类物种和功能多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2022638

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 22638. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022638

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

基于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所馆藏标本分析青藏高原雀形目鸟类物种和功能多样性

陈晓澄¹, 张鹏展², 康斌², 刘林山³, 赵亮¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008
2.中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东青岛 266003
3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2022-11-13 接受日期:2023-01-19 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-03-21
通讯作者: * E-mail: lzhao@nwipb.cas.cn
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专题第三极国家公园群建设科学方案(2019QZKK0401);国家动物标本资源库项目“国家科技资源共享服务平台国家动物标本资源库”;中国科学院战略生物资源科技支撑体系运行专项(CZBZX-1)

Species and functional diversity of the passerine birds in the Tibetan Plateau based on specimens from the collection of Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Xiaocheng Chen¹, Pengzhan Zhang², Bin Kang², Linshan Liu³, Liang Zhao¹^,^*()

1. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008
2. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received:2022-11-13 Accepted:2023-01-19 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-03-21
Contact: * E-mail: lzhao@nwipb.cas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种多样性和功能多样性是生物多样性的两个主要研究内容, 研究不同区域物种多样性和功能多样性可以为生物多样性保护提供重要的理论支撑。本研究以中国科学院西北高原生物研究所馆藏的青藏高原11个生态地理分区雀形目鸟类为研究对象, 结合其性状数据, 计算3种物种α多样性指数(物种丰富度、Shannon熵和Pielou均匀度)、3种功能α多样性指数(功能丰富度、功能均匀度和功能离散度)、物种和功能β多样性及其对应的周转和嵌套成分, 并分析了物种多样性与功能多样性之间的关系。研究结果表明: (1)青藏高原鸟类物种α多样性呈东南高、西北低的趋势。功能丰富度和功能均匀度显示出明显的空间差异, 全区物种丰富度和功能丰富度平均值较低, 功能离散度在全区均较高; (2)物种β多样性高于功能β多样性, 但二者整体均具有较高的数值。物种β多样性主要由周转成分构成, 而嵌套和周转成分在功能β多样性中占比接近; (3)功能丰富度与物种丰富度及Shannon熵呈显著正相关关系。物种和功能β多样性呈显著相关关系, 物种和功能周转成分贡献率呈显著相关关系。以上结果表明功能丰富度较高的分区中鸟类占据较大的功能性状空间, 而分区中功能均匀度和功能离散度较高则体现出鸟类可以更均匀、更有效地利用食物资源。结合物种和功能α、β多样性可以很好地表征鸟类多样性与生态系统的关系。

关键词: 青藏高原, 鸟类, 生态地理分区, 物种多样性, 功能多样性, α多样性, β多样性

Abstract

Aims: Species diversity and functional diversity are the two main research contents of biodiversity. Studying species diversity and functional diversity in different regions can provide important theoretical support for biodiversity conservation.
Methods: In this study, the passerine birds in eleven eco-geographical regions of the Tibetan Plateau collected by the Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences were taken as the research object, and the data of bird species and traits were combined to calculate three species α-diversity indices (species richness, Shannon entropy and Pielou evenness), three functional α-diversity indices (functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence), species and function β-diversity and their respective turnover and nestedness components. The relationship between species diversity and functional diversity was analyzed.
Results: The species α-diversity of birds was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest for the Tibetan Plateau. Functional richness and functional evenness showed clear spatial differences, and the average of species richness and functional richness were low in the whole region. Functional divergence was higher in the whole region. Species β-diversity was higher than functional β-diversity, but both of them had high values. Species β-diversity was mainly composed of turnover components, and the proportion of nestedness and turnover components were similar in functional β-diversity. Functional richness was positively correlated with species richness and Shannon entropy. There was a significant correlation between species and functional β-diversity, and a significant correlation between the contribution ratio of species and functional turnover components.
Conclusion: The above results indicate that birds in the regions with higher functional richness occupy a larger functional trait space, while the higher functional evenness and functional divergence indicate that birds could utilize food resources more evenly and effectively in these regions. The relationship between bird diversity and the ecosystem could be well characterized by combining species and functional α-diversity and β-diversity.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, birds, eco-geographical regions, species diversity, functional diversity, α-diversity, β-diversity

陈晓澄, 张鹏展, 康斌, 刘林山, 赵亮 (2023) 基于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所馆藏标本分析青藏高原雀形目鸟类物种和功能多样性. 生物多样性, 31, 22638. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022638.

Xiaocheng Chen, Pengzhan Zhang, Bin Kang, Linshan Liu, Liang Zhao (2023) Species and functional diversity of the passerine birds in the Tibetan Plateau based on specimens from the collection of Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22638. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022638.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022638

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I5/22638

图/表 5

图1 不同生态地理分区物种和功能α多样性空间模式。物种α多样性指标: 物种丰富度(a); Shannon熵(b); Pielou均匀度(c)。功能α多样性指标: 功能丰富度(d); 功能均匀度(e); 功能离散度(f)。HIB1: 果洛那曲高原山地高寒灌丛草甸区; HIC1: 青南高原宽谷高寒草甸草原区; HIC2羌塘高原湖盆高寒草原区; HID1: 昆仑高山高原高寒荒漠区; HIIAB1: 川西藏东高山深谷针叶林区; HIIC1: 祁连青东高山盆地针叶林、草原区; HIIC2: 藏南高山谷地灌丛草原区; HIID1: 柴达木盆地荒漠区; HIID2: 昆仑北翼山地荒漠区; HIID3: 阿里山地荒漠区; VA6东喜马拉雅南翼山地季雨林、常绿阔叶林区。

Fig. 1 Spatial patterns of species and functional α-diversity for different eco-geographical regions. Species α-diversity index: Species richness (a), Shannon entropy (b) and Pielou evenness (c). Functional α-diversity index: Functional richness (d), Functional evenness (e) and Functional divergence (f). HIB1, Guoluo and Naqu plateau and mountain alpine shrub-meadow region; HIC1, South Qinghai plateau and wide valley alpine meadow-steppe region; HIC2, Qiangtang plateau lake basin alpine steppe region; HIID1, Kunlun high mountain plateau alpine desert area; HIIAB1, West Sichuan and east Xizang high mountain and deep valley coniferous forest zone; HIIC1, Qilian Mountains of east Qinghai high mountain and basin coniferous forest and steppe region; HIIC2, South Xizang high mountain and valley shrub-steppe region; HIID1, Qaidam Basin desert region; HIID2, North Kunlun mountain desert region; HIID3, Ngari mountain desert region; VA6, South of east Himalaya mountain seasonal rainforest evergreen broad-leaved forest region.

表1 物种和功能β多样性

Table 1 Species and functional β-diversity

	物种 Species	功能 Functional
β多样性 β-diversity	0.85 ± 0.11	0.75 ± 0.20
周转 Turnover	0.67 ± 0.19	0.28 ± 0.27
嵌套 Nestedness	0.18 ± 0.17	0.47 ± 0.33
重合 Shared	0.06 ± 0.06	0.08 ± 0.08
非重合 Not shared	0.32 ± 0.14	0.30 ± 0.26

图2 不同生态地理分区物种β多样性(a)、周转成分(b)、嵌套成分(c)和功能β多样性(d)、周转成分(e)、嵌套成分(f)空间模式。各分区指标值计算为该分区与其余分区配对比较的平均值。

Fig. 2 Spatial patterns of taxonomic and functional β-diversity and their respective turnover and nestedness components for different eco-geographical regions. Index values for each region were calculated as the average of the pairwise comparisons between that region and other regions. a, Species β-diversity; b, Species turnover; c, Species nestedness; d, Functional β-diversity; e, Functional turnover; f, Functional nestedness.

图3 物种丰富度与功能丰富度(a)、Shannon熵与功能丰富度(b)的Pearson相关性分析。*代表t检验P < 0.05, **代表t检验P < 0.01。直线代表图对角线, 下方的点表示其Y轴值变化幅度小于X轴值。

Fig. 3 Pearson correlation analysis of between species richness and functional richness (a) and between Shannon entropy and functional richness (b). The symbol * represents t test for P < 0.05. The symbol ** represents t test for P < 0.01. The line represents the diagonal of the figure, dot below the line means that the value rangeability on Y axis is higher than that on X axis.

图4 物种和功能β多样性(a)、周转成分(b)和嵌套成分(c)的Pearson相关性分析。**代表Mantel检验P < 0.01, ***代表Mantel检验P < 0.001。直线代表图对角线, 下方的点表示其Y轴值变化幅度小于X轴值。

Fig. 4 Pearson correlation analysis of species and functional β-diversity (a) and their respective turnover components (b) and nestedness components (c). The symbol ** represents Mantel test for P < 0.01. The symbol *** represents Mantel test for P < 0.001. The line represents the diagonal of the figure, dot below the line means that the value rangeability on Y axis is higher than that on X axis.

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基于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所馆藏标本分析青藏高原雀形目鸟类物种和功能多样性

Species and functional diversity of the passerine birds in the Tibetan Plateau based on specimens from the collection of Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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