广东车八岭国家级自然保护区独栖性胡蜂多样性空间分布特征及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.17520/biods.2022310

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22310. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022310

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

广东车八岭国家级自然保护区独栖性胡蜂多样性空间分布特征及其对环境因子的响应

林木青¹^,², 张应明³, 欧阳芳¹, 束祖飞³, 朱朝东¹^,²^,⁴, 肖治术¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室, 北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学生命科学学院, 北京 100049
3.广东车八岭国家级自然保护区管理局, 广东韶关 512500
4.中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学(院)重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2022-06-08 接受日期:2022-11-21 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2022-12-31
通讯作者: *肖治术, E-mail: xiaozs@ioz.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31700469);中央林业改革发展资金和中国科学院生物多样性监测与研究网络运行经费

Spatial distribution of species diversity of solitary wasps (Vespidae) and its responses to environmental factors in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

Muqing Lin¹^,², Yingming Zhang³, Fang Ouyang¹, Zufei Shu³, Chaodong Zhu¹^,²^,⁴, Zhishu Xiao¹^,²^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2. College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512500
4. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received:2022-06-08 Accepted:2022-11-21 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2022-12-31
Contact: *Zhishu Xiao, E-mail: xiaozs@ioz.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为更好地指导自然保护区的功能分区, 对自然保护地全境及周边区域的生物多样性本底资源进行科学调查和评估是必要的。独栖性胡蜂是农林业害虫的重要天敌, 同时也是重要的环境生物指示类群。本研究以独栖性胡蜂为指示生物, 于2018-2020年在广东车八岭国家级自然保护区全境及周边区域使用人工巢管技术和公里网格方案(共计100个调查网格, 网格大小为1 km × 1 km)对南岭典型亚热带常绿阔叶林中胡蜂科昆虫多样性、分布及其影响因素进行研究, 同时评估了其物种多样性的空间分布与保护区功能分区之间的关系。本研究共获得4,156根胡蜂类昆虫筑巢巢管和9,973个孵育室, 并鉴定出9种胡蜂科物种, 分布于89个网格, 绘制了其物种丰富度和多度的分布图。结果显示, 海拔、距居民点的最近距离和增强型植被指数(enhanced vegetation index, EVI)是影响胡蜂物种丰富度、多度及分布的关键环境因子; 胡蜂科昆虫的物种丰富度、筑巢量和孵育室数量均随海拔升高而显著减少, 且越靠近居民点, 胡蜂科昆虫的种类和数量越多, 但胡蜂群落的α多样性指标与EVI的关系呈先增加后减少的模式。胡蜂科昆虫群落的总体β多样性为0.21, 周转组分为0.05, 嵌套组分为0.16, 显示物种嵌套是该区域胡蜂昆虫群落组成的主要分布模式。距离冗余分析结果表明, 海拔是影响胡蜂昆虫物种周转的显著性因素, 而嵌套组分则不受本文所涉及环境因子的显著影响。保护区外的相对筑巢量和孵育室数量显著高于保护区内各功能区, 但其他α多样性指标则在4个区域间(核心区、缓冲区、实验区和保护区外)均无显著性差异。这表明胡蜂科昆虫在保护区内各功能分区和周边区域之间具有较高的物种相似性, 无明显分布边界。基于研究区域全境网格调查, 本研究首次绘制了车八岭保护区独栖性胡蜂昆虫多样性分布图, 明确了南岭典型亚热带常绿阔叶林胡蜂类昆虫多样性分布及其与保护区功能分区的关系, 建议管理者加强保护区及其周边区域包括昆虫在内的各类野生动物的监测和保护。

关键词: 人工巢管, 独栖性胡蜂, 物种多样性, 空间分布, 海拔, 增强型植被指数, 自然保护地

Abstract

Aims: In order to better guide the functional zoning of nature reserves, it is necessary to conduct scientific investigation and assessment of basic biodiversity data from each nature reserve and its surrounding areas. Solitary wasps are important natural predators of agricultural and forestry pests and are also important environmental biological indicators. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between spatial distribution of species diversity on solitary wasps (Vespidae) and functional zoning in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province.

Methods: From 2018 to 2020, we investigated the diversity and distribution of Vespidae wasps and their driving factors in a typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Nanling using artificial trap-nests and km-grid protocols (a total of 100 survey grids with a grid size of 1 km × 1 km) across the whole region and its surrounding areas in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve.

Results: In this study, a total of 4,156 wasp trap-nests and 9,973 brood cells were obtained, and 9 wasp species were identified, distributed in 89 grids, and the distribution map of their species richness and abundance was drawn. The results indicated that elevation, the distance to the nearest settlement, and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) may act as the key environmental factors affecting species richness, abundance, and distribution of the wasp community. Species richness, the nest number, and brood cells of Vespidae wasps decreased significantly with increasing elevation, and species richness and abundance were much higher when the sites were closer to the settlement. However, the α diversity index of the wasp community demonstrated a pattern with an initial increase and then decrease with EVI. The overall β diversity, species turnover, and the nestedness of the wasp community was 0.21, 0.05, and 0.16, respectively, which indicated that the nestedness was the main distribution pattern of the wasp community in the nature reserve. Distance redundancy analysis demonstrated that species turnover was significantly influenced by elevation, whereas the nestedness was not affected by any environmental factor involved in this paper. The abundance of nests or brood cells outside the nature reserve were significantly higher than those in the other three functional zones, while all α diversity indices (species richness, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, and Pielou evenness) indicated no significant differences amongst the four functional zones. This suggested that the wasp communities had similar species composition and no obvious distribution boundary across all the functional zones in this nature reserve.

Conclusion: Based on the grid survey in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, this study mapped the spatial distribution of wasp diversity and then revealed the relationship between the wasp diversity and the functional zoning in the Nanling subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Our study provides a scientific basis for the long-term monitoring and conservation management of insect biodiversity in protected areas.

Key words: trap-nests, solitary wasps, species diversity, spatial distribution, elevation, enhanced vegetation index, protected areas

林木青, 张应明, 欧阳芳, 束祖飞, 朱朝东, 肖治术 (2023) 广东车八岭国家级自然保护区独栖性胡蜂多样性空间分布特征及其对环境因子的响应. 生物多样性, 31, 22310. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022310.

Muqing Lin, Yingming Zhang, Fang Ouyang, Zufei Shu, Chaodong Zhu, Zhishu Xiao (2023) Spatial distribution of species diversity of solitary wasps (Vespidae) and its responses to environmental factors in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22310. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022310.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022310

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22310

图/表 7

图1 广东车八岭国家级自然保护区独栖蜂昆虫的巢管调查示意图。(a)保护区全境(实验区、缓冲区和核心区)和周边区域(保护区外)设置了100个公里网格(1 km × 1 km), 300个巢管布设位点(黑色实心点); (b)单个巢箱, 包含1对PVC管; (c)雌蜂产卵结束后, 被封口的巢管; (d)被剖开的巢管, 用于观察胡蜂类昆虫的生物学, 直至其成虫羽化或死亡; (e)黄缘蜾蠃。

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration about trap-nests used for the collection of solitary wasps in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province. (a) Distribution of trap-nests. The whole reserve (including experimental zone, buffer zone, and core zone) and surrounding areas (outside zone) with 100 kilometer-grids (each grid, 1 km × 1 km) and 300 trap-nesting sites (black solid points). (b) A typical trap-nest with a pair of PVC pipes. (c) Trap-nests with a closed end after the oviposition is finished. (d) An dissected trap-nest for direct observation of wasp biology until wasp emergence or death. (e) Anterhynchium flavomarginatum.

图2 广东车八岭国家级自然保护区全境胡蜂科昆虫的物种丰富度(a)和物种多度(回收巢管量) (b)的分布

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of species richness (a) and species abundance (number of nests) (b) of Vespidae wasps in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

表1 广东车八岭国家级自然保护区全境胡蜂类昆虫的巢管调查总结(2018-2020年)

Table 1 Summary of Vespidae wasps based on trap-nests in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province (2018-2020)

物种 Species	巢材 Nesting materials	网格占有率 Grid occupancy (%)	累计巢管数 Cumulative number of nests	累计孵育室数 Cumulative number of brood cells	保护区功能分区 Functional zone
物种 Species	巢材 Nesting materials	网格占有率 Grid occupancy (%)	累计巢管数 Cumulative number of nests	累计孵育室数 Cumulative number of brood cells	保护区外 Outside	实验区 Experimental zone	缓冲区 Buffer zone	核心区 Core zone
黄缘蜾蠃 Anterhynchium flavomarginatum	黄泥 Mud	86	3,733	9,269	√	√	√	√
福建埃蜾蠃 Epsilon fujianensis	树脂 Resin	58	346	515	√	√	√	√
日本元蜾蠃 Discoelius japonicus	黄泥 + 碎叶 Mud + Broken leaf	10	21	56	√	√	√	√
棘秀蜾蠃 Pareumenes quadrispinosus	黄泥 + 树脂 Mud + Resin	12	31	64	√	√	√	√
旁喙蜾蠃 Pararrhynchium septemfasciatus	黄泥 Mud	3	5	7	√	√	√	-
丽胸蜾蠃 Orancistrocerus drewseni	黄泥 Mud	2	3	8	√	-	-	-
虚长腹胡蜂 Zethus dolosus	黄泥 + 碎叶 Mud + Broken leaf	5	12	39	√	√	√	-
旁沟蜾蠃 Parancistrocerus lamnulus	黄泥 Mud	1	2	3	√	√	-	-
同蜾蠃 Symmorphus ambotretus	黄泥 Mud	1	3	12	√	-	-	-
总计 Total		89	4,156	9,973	9	7	6	4

图3 海拔、距居民点的最近距离和增强型植被指数对胡蜂科昆虫多样性的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of elevation, distance to the nearest settlement and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) on the diversity of Vespidae wasps

图4 环境变量解释胡蜂科昆虫的物种周转(a)和嵌套(b)矩阵的距离冗余分析。ele: 海拔高度; slo: 坡度; dist: 距居民点的最近距离; canopy: 郁闭度; evi: 增强型植被指数。

Fig. 4 Distance-based redundancy analyses of the matrix of species turnover (a) and nestedness (b) for Vespidae wasps explained by the environmental variables. ele, Elevation; slo, Slope; dist, Distance to the nearest settlement; canopy, Canopy density; evi, Enhanced vegetation index.

图5 基于巢管量(a)和网格数(b)评估胡蜂类昆虫物种丰富度的稀疏化曲线

Fig. 5 Rarefaction curves of species richness for Vespidae wasps based on the number of nests (a) and grids (b)

表2 广东车八岭国家级自然保护区4个分区胡蜂多样性多重比较(2018-2020年)

Table 2 Multiple comparisons of Vespidae wasps diversity based on trap-nests among the four zones in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province (2018-2020)

分区 Zone	网格数 No. of grids	累计物种数 Cumulative number of species	平均物种数 Average number of species	平均相对巢管量 Average relative number of nests	平均相对孵育室数量 Average relative number of brood cells	Shannon 多样性 Shannon diversity	Simpson 多样性 Simpson diversity	Pielou 均匀度 Pielou evenness
保护区外 Outside	20	9	2.00 ± 1.26^a	4.42 ± 2.44^a	10.26 ± 5.48^a	1.29 ± 0.24^a	1.18 ± 0.37^a	0.33 ± 0.24^a
实验区 Experimental zone	30	7	1.68 ± 1.08^a	1.20 ± 1.28^b	2.95 ± 3.21^b	1.36 ± 0.46^a	1.25 ± 0.42^a	0.44 ± 0.26^a
缓冲区 Buffer zone	28	6	1.74 ± 1.06^a	1.07 ± 1.37^b	2.53 ± 3.28^b	1.42 ± 0.34^a	1.30 ± 0.32^a	0.49 ± 0.27^a
核心区 Core zone	22	4	1.82 ± 0.73^a	1.73 ± 1.63^b	4.28 ± 4.08^b	1.35 ± 0.36^a	1.36 ± 0.32^a	0.54 ± 0.28^a
总计 Total	100	9	1.78 ± 1.03	1.79 ± 1.98	4.28 ± 4.66	1.36 ± 0.41	1.25 ± 0.36	0.45 ± 0.27

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广东车八岭国家级自然保护区独栖性胡蜂多样性空间分布特征及其对环境因子的响应

Spatial distribution of species diversity of solitary wasps (Vespidae) and its responses to environmental factors in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

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