生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 972-980. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017163
所属专题: 传粉生物学
收稿日期:
2017-06-02
接受日期:
2017-09-04
出版日期:
2017-09-20
发布日期:
2017-10-04
通讯作者:
陈颖卓
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Zhihuan Huang1, Qifeng Lu1, Yingzhuo Chen2,*()
Received:
2017-06-02
Accepted:
2017-09-04
Online:
2017-09-20
Published:
2017-10-04
Contact:
Chen Yingzhuo
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
喀斯特地区石灰岩土壤和红壤间断分布的特点是影响该地区植物群落内物种组成的最重要环境因素之一。为了研究不同生境中植物的繁殖对策及对生境的适应方式, 本文以生长在石灰岩土壤和红壤两种生境中的地锦苗(Corydalis sheareri)为研究对象, 调查了两种生境中土壤的理化性质, 并开展了开花物候、花部特征、传粉者种类和访问频率及繁殖成功的比较研究。结果显示, 石灰岩土壤中有机质、全氮、全钙的含量以及pH值均比红壤高, 而土壤含水量则比红壤低。地锦苗的单花期在两种土壤生境中没有显著差异, 但石灰岩土壤中的地锦苗植株明显比生长于红壤上的植株矮, 始花期比红壤中的推迟1周左右, 盛花期持续时间短, 并且提前进入末花期。花序大小、花长、开口大小、距长及柱头直径在两种土壤生境中都没有显著差异。地锦苗的繁育系统为专性异交, 繁殖成功依赖传粉者。访花者主要是以花蜜为报酬的黑颚条蜂(Anthophora melanognatha), 并且在两种生境中的访花频率没有显著差异。两种生境中地锦苗的结籽率没有差异, 但生长在石灰岩土壤上的地锦苗坐果率明显低于红壤上的。我们的结果表明, 结籽率没有差异可能是由于传粉者的丰度不受生境影响, 导致两种生境中的地锦苗具有相同水平的传粉服务; 而土壤性质的差异可能是导致两种生境中地锦苗花期物候和坐果率差异的重要原因。
黄至欢, 陆奇丰, 陈颖卓 (2017) 地锦苗在石灰岩土壤和红壤生境中的繁殖成功的比较. 生物多样性, 25, 972-980. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017163.
Zhihuan Huang, Qifeng Lu, Yingzhuo Chen (2017) Comparative study on reproductive success of Corydalis sheareri (Papaveraceae) between alkaline limestone soil and red soil habitats in a karst area. Biodiversity Science, 25, 972-980. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017163.
图1 (A)在酸性红壤中生长的地锦苗; (B)在长有苔藓的洞穴外的碱性石灰岩土壤上生长的地锦苗; (C)黑颚条蜂访问地锦苗; (D)长喙天蛾访问地锦苗。
Fig. 1 (A) Plants of Corydalis sheareri inhabited in the red soil (acidic); (B) Plants growing near the moist limestone caves with moss (calcareous); (C) A bee (Anthophora melanognatha) collecting nectar from C. sheareri; (D) A hawkmoth (Macroglossum corythus) sucking nectar from C. sheareri.
土壤特性 Soil property | 样本量 Sample size | 石灰岩土壤 Limestone soil | 红壤 Red soil | T | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
含水量 Moisture (%) | 3 | 21.73 ± 0.98 | 25.15 ± 0.62 | 2.95 | 0.04 |
有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 3 | 61.10 ± 1.36 | 28.37 ± 1.44 | -18.36 | <0.001 |
全氮 Total nitrogen (mg/kg) | 3 | 214.36 ± 7.31 | 87.46 ± 5.89 | -13.53 | <0.001 |
全磷 Total phosphorus (mg/kg) | 3 | 11.09 ± 0.81 | 13.32 ± 1.14 | 1.52 | 0.20 |
全钾 Total potassium (mg/kg) | 3 | 121.35 ± 7.17 | 110.06 ± 6.45 | -1.17 | 0.31 |
全钙 Total calcium (g/kg) | 3 | 28.62 ± 3.84 | 3.18 ± 1.50 | -6.54 | 0.003 |
pH | 3 | 7.75 ± 0.12 | 6.29 ± 0.08 | -10.27 | <0.001 |
表1 地锦苗两种生境中土壤特性的比较
Table 1 Comparisons of soil properties (mean ± SE) between the limestone and red soil from the two habitats of Corydalis sheareri
土壤特性 Soil property | 样本量 Sample size | 石灰岩土壤 Limestone soil | 红壤 Red soil | T | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
含水量 Moisture (%) | 3 | 21.73 ± 0.98 | 25.15 ± 0.62 | 2.95 | 0.04 |
有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 3 | 61.10 ± 1.36 | 28.37 ± 1.44 | -18.36 | <0.001 |
全氮 Total nitrogen (mg/kg) | 3 | 214.36 ± 7.31 | 87.46 ± 5.89 | -13.53 | <0.001 |
全磷 Total phosphorus (mg/kg) | 3 | 11.09 ± 0.81 | 13.32 ± 1.14 | 1.52 | 0.20 |
全钾 Total potassium (mg/kg) | 3 | 121.35 ± 7.17 | 110.06 ± 6.45 | -1.17 | 0.31 |
全钙 Total calcium (g/kg) | 3 | 28.62 ± 3.84 | 3.18 ± 1.50 | -6.54 | 0.003 |
pH | 3 | 7.75 ± 0.12 | 6.29 ± 0.08 | -10.27 | <0.001 |
花部特征 Floral characters | 样本量 Sample size | 红壤 Red soil | 石灰岩土壤 Limestone soil | T | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
植株高度 Plant height (cm) | 20 | 34.8 ± 1.8 | 30.2 ± 1.3 | -2.08 | 0.04 |
花数/花序 Flower number/inflorescence | 20 | 20.6 ± 0.7 | 19.7 ± 0.7 | -0.95 | 0.34 |
花长 Floral length (mm) | 20 | 27.96 ± 0.24 | 27.39 ± 0.22 | -1.76 | 0.09 |
开口大小 Opening size (mm) | 20 | 13.02 ± 0.27 | 12.45 ± 0.23 | -1.62 | 0.11 |
距长 Spur length (mm) | 20 | 17.45 ± 0.15 | 17.12 ± 0.17 | -0.98 | 0.34 |
柱头直径 Stigma diameter (mm) | 20 | 1.54 ± 0.01 | 1.49 ± 0.02 | -1.86 | 0.07 |
表2 两种生境中地锦苗的花部特征比较
Table 2 Comparisons of floral traits of Corydalis sheareri from the two habitats with different soil types
花部特征 Floral characters | 样本量 Sample size | 红壤 Red soil | 石灰岩土壤 Limestone soil | T | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
植株高度 Plant height (cm) | 20 | 34.8 ± 1.8 | 30.2 ± 1.3 | -2.08 | 0.04 |
花数/花序 Flower number/inflorescence | 20 | 20.6 ± 0.7 | 19.7 ± 0.7 | -0.95 | 0.34 |
花长 Floral length (mm) | 20 | 27.96 ± 0.24 | 27.39 ± 0.22 | -1.76 | 0.09 |
开口大小 Opening size (mm) | 20 | 13.02 ± 0.27 | 12.45 ± 0.23 | -1.62 | 0.11 |
距长 Spur length (mm) | 20 | 17.45 ± 0.15 | 17.12 ± 0.17 | -0.98 | 0.34 |
柱头直径 Stigma diameter (mm) | 20 | 1.54 ± 0.01 | 1.49 ± 0.02 | -1.86 | 0.07 |
图3 两种生境中地锦苗的3种访花者的访问频率比较。相同的字母(分大小写)表示同种访花者在两种土壤生境中的访问频率没有差异, 不同字母表示同种访花者在两种土壤生境中的访问频率具有明显差异; *表示同种土壤生境中黑颚条蜂与其他两种访问者的访问频率均具有显著差异。
Fig. 3 Comparisons of visit frequency among the three floral visitors in the two habitats. The same letter (case-sensitive) means no significant difference between the same floral visitor, while different letters mean significant difference of the same floral visitor between the two habitats; * mean visitation frequency of Anthophora melanognatha significantly higher than the other two floral visitors.
土壤类型 Soil type | 样地 Plot | 观察时间段 Observed censuses (0.5 h) | 访问次数/花数?小时 Visits/flowers?h | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
条蜂 Anthophora | 蜜蜂 Honeybee | 天蛾 Sphingid | |||
红壤 Red soil | 池塘边 Poolside | 14 | 0.19 ± 0.02ab | 0b | 0.10 ± 0.03ab |
路边 Roadside | 16 | 0.16 ± 0.03ab | 0.07 ± 0.02a | 0c | |
苗圃角落 Yard’s corner | 16 | 0.24 ± 0.03a | 0.11 ± 0.02a | 0.16 ± 0.04a | |
石灰岩土壤 Limestone soil | 洞穴外 Near the cave | 12 | 0.20 ± 0.04ab | 0b | 0.05 ± 0.03b |
石缝处 Stony crevices | 16 | 0.11 ± 0.03b | 0b | 0c | |
石山小径 Stony pathlet | 16 | 0.17 ± 0.04ab | 0b | 0.12 ± 0.04ab |
表3 两种生境中地锦苗的访花者类型和访问频率比较。统计使用GLM分析, 同一列不同字母代表同种访花者在不同居群间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Table 3 Floral visitor types and their visitation frequency to Corydalis sheareri in the two habitats. The different letters for the same column indicate visit frequency was significantly different between plots for the same floral visitor at the level of P < 0.05 by GLM (Gaussian distribution and identity link function).
土壤类型 Soil type | 样地 Plot | 观察时间段 Observed censuses (0.5 h) | 访问次数/花数?小时 Visits/flowers?h | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
条蜂 Anthophora | 蜜蜂 Honeybee | 天蛾 Sphingid | |||
红壤 Red soil | 池塘边 Poolside | 14 | 0.19 ± 0.02ab | 0b | 0.10 ± 0.03ab |
路边 Roadside | 16 | 0.16 ± 0.03ab | 0.07 ± 0.02a | 0c | |
苗圃角落 Yard’s corner | 16 | 0.24 ± 0.03a | 0.11 ± 0.02a | 0.16 ± 0.04a | |
石灰岩土壤 Limestone soil | 洞穴外 Near the cave | 12 | 0.20 ± 0.04ab | 0b | 0.05 ± 0.03b |
石缝处 Stony crevices | 16 | 0.11 ± 0.03b | 0b | 0c | |
石山小径 Stony pathlet | 16 | 0.17 ± 0.04ab | 0b | 0.12 ± 0.04ab |
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