海南凤仙花不同海拔种群的传粉生物学

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13243

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 467-475. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13243

所属专题：传粉生物学；昆虫多样性与生态功能

海南凤仙花不同海拔种群的传粉生物学

钟云芳^1,³, 张哲^1,², 宋希强^1,², 周兆德^1,^3,,A;^*()

1 .海南大学热带作物种质资源保护与开发利用教育部重点实验室, 海口 570228
2.海南大学园艺园林学院, 海口 570228
3 .海南大学农学院, 海口 570228

收稿日期:2013-11-25 接受日期:2014-07-02 出版日期:2014-07-20 发布日期:2014-07-24
通讯作者: 周兆德
基金资助:
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201204604)和海南省重点科技计划项目(ZDXM 20120004)

Pollination biology of Impatiens hainanensis (Balsaminaceae) populations at different altitudes

Yunfang Zhong^1,³, Zhe Zhang^1,², Xiqiang Song^1,², Zhaode Zhou^1,^3,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Protection and Developmental Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University , Haikou 570228
2. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
3. College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou 570228

Received:2013-11-25 Accepted:2014-07-02 Online:2014-07-20 Published:2014-07-24
Contact: Zhou Zhaode

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凤仙花属(Impatiens)植物具有极为广泛的多样性和类型各异的特化传粉者, 被誉为“双子叶的兰花”, 受到众多传粉生物学家的关注。本文以海南特有种海南凤仙花(Impatiens hainanensis)为研究对象, 对3个不同海拔梯度的种群进行了开花生物学特性和开花物候、花器官结构、花粉活力和柱头活性、传粉者种类和访花行为及繁育系统的比较研究。结果表明: 单花花期4.10 ± 0.46 d, 雄性期和雌性期分别约为3.15 ± 0.24 d和0.95 ± 0.36 d; 种群开花峰期在8月初, 高海拔种群的花期高峰相对滞后。低、中海拔种群花粉活力呈现先升高后下降的趋势, 以开花第2 d花粉活力最高; 高海拔种群花粉活力随开花时间推移逐渐下降; 柱头活性随开花时间的推移而增强, 高海拔种群开花各天次均较低、中海拔种群低。主要传粉昆虫为黄黑无垫蜂(Amegilla leptocoma)和绿条无垫蜂(A. zonata), 低、中海拔种群以黄黑无垫蜂为主, 高海拔种群以绿条无垫蜂为主。未观察到自动自花授粉和无融合生殖现象, 人工授粉能明显增加坐果率(75-90%), 自然坐果率在高海拔种群相对较低(40-60%), 说明存在较强的传粉者限制。海南凤仙花的保护需要同时关注其有效传粉者的保护, 促进有效传粉昆虫在不同海拔种群之间的往来, 保证种群间的花粉流与种子流, 维持海南凤仙花的种群遗传多样性与有效种群大小。

关键词: Impatiens hainanensis, 特有种, 岩溶地貌, 繁育系统, 生态适应, 雌雄异熟

Abstract

The genus Impatiens, known as “dicotyledonous orchids”, is of great interest to pollination biologists because of its extremely wide diversity and different types of specialized pollinators. In this study, populations of Impatiens hananensis, endemic to Hainan Island, distributed at three different altitudes were studied. Floral phenology, floral structure, pollen viability and stigma activity, floral visitors and their behavior, and the breeding system were determined. Results showed that the average life span of a single flower was 4.10 ± 0.46 d; the male and female flowers lasted 3.15 ± 0.24 d and 0.95 ± 0.36 d, respectively. The species’ flowering peak was in early August, and the high altitude population flowered the latest. The pollen viability of a single flower appears in the trend of first increased then decreased with the flowering time went on, and reached to the highest on the second flowering day in low and middle altitude populations, and which declined gradually with the flowering time went on in high altitude population. Stigma activity generally rose as flowering time went on, but this measure was lower in high altitude population on different flowering days. The main pollinators were Amegilla leptocoma and A. zonata; A. leptocoma was the main visitor in low and middle altitude populations while A. zonata was in the high altitude population. We observed no automatic self-pollination or apomixis in I. hainanensis, and hand-pollination increased the fruit set (75-90%), compared to the natural situation (40-60%). This lower natural pollination success rate was especially true in the high altitude population where pollination was most limited. Therefore, conservation work with Impatiens hainanensis should protect both habitats and effective pollinators of I. hainanensis in order to promote gene flow via pollinators and seed movement among populations at different altitude via pollinators, and maintain the population genetic diversity and effective population size of Impatiens hainanensis.

Key words: Impatiens hainanensis, endemic species, karst landforms, breeding system, ecological adaptation, dichogamy

钟云芳, 张哲, 宋希强, 周兆德 (2014) 海南凤仙花不同海拔种群的传粉生物学. 生物多样性, 22, 467-475. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13243.

Yunfang Zhong, Zhe Zhang, Xiqiang Song, Zhaode Zhou (2014) Pollination biology of Impatiens hainanensis (Balsaminaceae) populations at different altitudes. Biodiversity Science, 22, 467-475. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13243.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13243

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I4/467

图/表 9

表1 海南凤仙花3个海拔梯度种群的生境信息

Table 1 Habitats of three different altitude populations of Impatiens hainanensis

种群 Population	经纬度 Longitude/latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	种群大小(株) Population size	植被类型 Vegetation type
低海拔 Low altitude	109°08′3″-109°08′16″ E /18°57′39″-18°57′45″ N	198-245	100-120	异序乌桕(Sapium insigne)+美丽梧桐(Firmiana pulcherrima)-圆叶刺桑(Taxotrophis aquifolioides )+马缨丹(Lantana camara)-海南凤仙花(Impatiens hainanensis)+海南绿萝(Scindapsus maclurei)+飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)群丛
中海拔 Mid altitude	109°07′08″-109°07′10″E /19°01′23″-19°01′25″ N	422-460	70-90	美丽梧桐(Firmiana pulcherrima)+海南榄仁(Terminalia hainanensis)-圆叶刺桑(Taxotrophis aquifolioides)+鹅掌藤(Schefflera arboricola)-海南凤仙花(Impatiens hainanensis)+栎叶槲蕨(Drynaria quercifolia)群丛
高海拔 High altitude	109°06′33″-109°06′34″ E /19°00′48″-19°00′50″ N	1, 080-1, 100	30-50	海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)-鹅掌藤(Schefflera arboricola)+海南大戟(Euphorbia hainanensis)-海南凤仙花(Impatiens hainanensis)群丛; 坝王栎(Quercus bawanglingensis)+海南苏铁(Euphorbia hainanensis)-海南大戟(Cycas hainanensis)+雀梅藤(Sageretia thea)-海南凤仙花(Impatiens hainanensis)+芳香石豆兰(Bulbophyllum ambrosia)群丛

图1 海南凤仙花花结构与传粉通道形态。PM: 旗瓣; AA: 合生雄蕊; PA: 翼瓣; PP: 翼瓣上的突起; SQ: 距; CH: 通道高; CW: 通道宽; CD: 通道深。

Fig. 1 The flower structure and pollination channel characteristic of Impatiens hainanensis. PM, Petalum; AA, Adnate anther; PA, Petala; PP, Protuberance on petalam; SQ, Squrs; CH, Channel height; CW, Channel width; CD, Channel depth.

图2 海南凤仙花2012年不同海拔梯度种群的开花进程

Fig. 2 Flowering curves of Impatiens hainanensis populations at different altitudes in 2012

图3 海南凤仙花开花雌性期不同海拔梯度种群的传粉通道特征比较。不同字母代表在0.05水平存在显著差异。

Fig. 3 Pollination channel characteristic of flowering female stage of Impatiens hainanensis populations at different altitudes. The different letters indicate that the difference is significant at 0.05 level.

图4 海南凤仙花不同海拔梯度种群花粉活力(A)与柱头活性(B)。不同字母代表花粉活力或柱头先端气泡数在0.05水平存在显著差异。

Fig. 4 Pollen viability and stigma activity of Impatiens hainanensis populations at different altitudes. Different letters indicate that pollen viability or the bubble numbers of the stigma apex in different altitude populations are significantly different at 0.05 level on the different blooming days.

表2 海南凤仙花主要传粉昆虫种类和体型特征(平均值±标准差, mm)

Table 2 Species and physical characteristics of main pollinators of Impatiens hainanensis (Mean ± SD, mm)

传粉者 Pollinators	体长 Body length	胸高 Thorax height	胸宽 Thorax width
黄黑无垫蜂 Amegilla leptocoma (n = 11)	14.84 ± 1.01	5.21 ± 0.37	5.48 ± 0.43
绿条无垫蜂 A. zonata (n = 6)	12.16 ± 1.16	4.08 ± 0.25	4.22 ± 0.17
Thrinchostoma一种 Thrinchostoma sp.1 (n = 9)	11.78 ± 1.13	2.71 ± 0.31	3.00 ± 0.32

图5 海南凤仙花的访花昆虫。黑色箭头指示花粉。A: 黄黑无垫蜂; B: 绿条无垫蜂; C: Thrinchostoma一种; D: 盾斑蜂属一种; E: 果蝇属一种; F: 齿突芦蜂

Fig. 5 The floral vistors of Impatiens hainanensis. Black arrows indicate pollen. The capital letters (A) Amegilla leptocoma; (B) A. zonata; (C) Thrinchostoma sp.1; (D) Croisa sp.1; (E) Drosophila sp.1; (F) Ceratina iwatai.

图6 海南凤仙花不同海拔种群主要传粉昆虫的访问比例

Fig. 6 Visitation proportion of main pollinators of Impatiens hainanensis populations at different altitudes

表3 海南凤仙花不同授粉处理的坐果率

Table 3 Fruit-set percentage of different hand-pollination treatments of Impatiens hainanensis

处理 Treatments	低海拔种群 Low altitude population	中海拔种群 Mid altitude population	高海拔种群 High altitude population
仅套袋 Bagged only	0	0	0
去雄 Emasculated	0	0	0
自花人工授粉 Autogamy hand-pollination	85%	75%	80%
同株异花人工授粉 Geitonogamy hand-pollination	90%	85%	75%
异株异花人工授粉 Xenogamy hand-pollination	90%	90%	90%
对照 Control	60%	55%	40%

参考文献 32

[1]	Barrett SCH (2002) The evolution of plant sexual diversity.Nature Reviews Genetics, 3, 274-284.
[2]	Bertin RI, Newman CM (1993) Dichogamy in angiosperms.The Botanical Review, 59, 112-152.
[3]	Bingham RA, Orthner AR (1998) Efficient pollination of alpine plants.Nature, 391, 238-239.
[4]	Caris PL, Geuten KP, Janssens SB, Smets EF (2006) Floral development in three species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae).American Journal of Botany, 93, 1-14.
[5]	Chen YL (陈艺林) (2001) Balsaminaceae. In: Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (中国植物志∙凤仙花科), pp.1-397. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[6]	Dafni A (1992) Pollination Ecology: A Practical Approach, pp.1-250. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[7]	Duan YW (段元文), Zhang TF (张挺峰), Liu JQ (刘建全) (2007) Pollination biology of Anisodus tanguticus (Solanaceae).Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 15, 584-591. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	Fabbro T, Korner C (2004) Altitude differences in flower traits and reproductive allocation. Flora, 199, 70-81.
[9]	Galen C (1996) Rates of floral evolution: adaption to bumblebee pollination in an alpine wild flower, Polemonium viscosum.Evolution, 50, 120-125.
[10]	Grey-Wilson C (1980) Impatiens of Africa. pp.1-235. AA Balkema, Rotterdam.
[11]	Heinrich B (1972) Energetics of temperature regulation and foraging in a bumblebee, Bombus terricola K.Journal of Comparative Physiology, 77, 49-64.
[12]	Huang SQ, Guo YH (2000) New advances in pollination biology and studies in China.Chinese Science Bulletin, 45, 1441-1447.
[13]	Huang SQ (黄双全) (2007) Studies on plant-pollinator interaction and its significances.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 15, 569-575. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Huang SQ (黄双全) (2014) Most effective pollinator principle of floral evolution: evidence and query.Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences(生命科学), 26, 118-124. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Kato M, Itino I, Hotta M, Abbas I, Okada H (1989) Flower visitors of 32 plant species in West Sumatra.Occasional Papers of the Kagoshima University Research Center for the South Pacific, 16, 15-31.
[16]	Kearns CA, Inouye DW (1994) Fly pollination of Linum lewisii (Linaceae).American Journal of Botany, 81, 1091-1095.
[17]	Mao ZB (毛志斌), Cedric B, Ge XJ (葛学军) (2011) Pollination ecology and breeding system of Impatiens lateristachys (Balsaminaceae) endemic to China.Guihaia(广西植物), 31, 160-166. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Qin XS (秦新生), He KS (何科稣), Liu LW (刘立武), Sun JM (孙君梅), Qi XM (齐旭明), Shi H (施浩) (2012) Floristic and ecological characteristics of the community with Impatiens hainanensis in Exianling Limestone Mountain, Hainan.Journal of South China Agricultural University(华南农业大学学报), 33, 361-367. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Ren MX (任明迅) (2008) Stamen fusion in plants: diversity, adaptive significance, and taxonomic implications.Journal of Systematics and Evolution(植物分类学报), 46, 452-466. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	Robertson C (1928) Flowers and Insects, pp.1-221. Science Press Printing Co., Lancaster.
[21]	Rust RW (1977) Pollination in Impatiens capensis and Impatiens pallida (Balsaminaceae).Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 104, 361-367.
[22]	Schemske DW (1978) Evolution of reproductive characteristics in Impatiens (Balsaminaeeae): the significance of cleistogamy and chasmogamy.Ecology, 59, 596-613.
[23]	Schmitt J, Ehrhardt DW (1990) Enhancement of inbreeding depression by dominance and suppression in Impatiens capensis.Evolution, 44, 269-278.
[24]	Stebbins GL (1970) Adaptive radiation of reproductive characteristics in angiosperms. I. Pollination mechanisms.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1, 307-326.
[25]	Tian JP, Liu KM, Hu GW (2004) Pollination ecology and pollination system of Impatiens reptans (Balsaminaceae) endemic to China.Annual of Botany, 93, 167-175.
[26]	Totland O (2001) Environment dependent pollen limitation and selection on floral traits in an alpine species.Ecology, 82, 2233-2244.
[27]	Wilson P, Thomson JD (1991) Heterogeneity among floral visitors leads to discordance between removal and deposition of pollen. Ecology, 72, 1503-1507.
[28]	Xiao LX (肖乐希) & Liu KM (刘克明) (2009) Floral traits and pollination system of Impatiens chinensis(Balsam inaceae).Bulletin of Botanical Research(植物研究), 29, 164-168. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Yu SX (于胜祥), Xu WB (许为斌), Chen YL (陈艺林), Qin HN (覃海宁) (2010) Supplementary description of floral morphology of Impatiens hainanensis and I. morsei (Balsaminaceae).Guihaia(广西植物), 30, 33-35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Zhang TF (张挺峰), Duan YW (段元文), Liu JQ (刘建全) (2006) Pollination ecology of Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae) at two sites with different altitudes. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica(植物分类学报), 44, 362-370. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Zhong YF (钟云芳), Wu HZ (武华周), Song XQ (宋希强), Zhou ZD (周兆德) (2014) Species diversity and the relationship with habitat community characteristics of Impatiens hainanensis, endemic to Hainan Island.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops(热带作物学报), 35, 355-361. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Zimmerman M, Cook S (1985) Pollinator foraging, experimental nectar-robbing and plant fitness in Impatiens capensis.American Midland Naturalist, 113, 84-91.

海南凤仙花不同海拔种群的传粉生物学

Pollination biology of Impatiens hainanensis (Balsaminaceae) populations at different altitudes

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 32

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	丁翔, 余元钧, 宋希强, 罗毅波. 具有泛化访花者的海芋特化传粉系统[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(6): 24069-.
[2]	徐维启, 李玥, 李海蛟, 刘冬梅, 杨宁, 张琦, 何双辉. 北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23196-.
[3]	袁桃花, 李美君, 任柳伊, 黄榕鑫, 陈益, 白新祥. 中国野生凤仙花属物种多样性和地理分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(5): 22019-.
[4]	程洁婕, 李美君, 袁桃花, 黄红, 杨桂丽, 白新祥. 中国野生杜鹃花属植物名录与地理分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(9): 1175-1180.
[5]	赵亚辉, 邢迎春, 吕彬彬, 周传江, 杨文波, 赵凯. 黄河流域淡水鱼类多样性和保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(12): 1496-1510.
[6]	向文倩,任明迅. 木棉黄花个体的适应意义[J]. 生物多样性, 2019, 27(4): 373-379.
[7]	孙士国, 卢斌, 卢新民, 黄双全. 入侵植物的繁殖策略以及对本土植物繁殖的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2018, 26(5): 457-467.
[8]	黄至欢, 陆奇丰, 陈颖卓. 地锦苗在石灰岩土壤和红壤生境中的繁殖成功的比较[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(9): 972-980.
[9]	凌少军, 孟千万, 唐亮, 任明迅. 海南岛苦苣苔科植物的地理分布格局与系统发育关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(8): 807-815.
[10]	周浙昆, 黄健, 丁文娜. 若干重要地质事件对中国植物区系形成演变的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(2): 123-135.
[11]	魏雪苹, 张宪春. 蕨类植物不同孢子裂缝类型在中国的分布格局[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(10): 1129-1134.
[12]	钱贞娜, 任明迅. “金虎尾路线”植物的花进化与传粉转变[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(1): 95-101.
[13]	蒋志刚, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 冯祚建, 周开亚, 刘少英, 罗振华, 李春旺. 中国哺乳动物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(3): 351-364.
[14]	魏宇昆, 王琦, 黄艳波. 唇形科鼠尾草属的物种多样性与分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(1): 3-10.
[15]	陈丽, 董洪进, 彭华. 云南省高等植物多样性与分布状况[J]. 生物多样性, 2013, 21(3): 359-363.