生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 807-815. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016360
收稿日期:
2016-12-21
接受日期:
2017-07-01
出版日期:
2017-08-20
发布日期:
2017-08-31
通讯作者:
任明迅
作者简介:
具体评估过程包括信息汇总(各个渠道的标本信息、野外调查信息及文献资料)、逐条比对IUCN红色名录等级与标准、确定等级、填写评估说明。在具体评估过程中, 针对不同类群设计信息调查表, 通过电话和邮件向多位同行征询物种的居群信息。
基金资助:
Shaojun Ling, Qianwan Meng, Liang Tang, Mingxun Ren*()
Received:
2016-12-21
Accepted:
2017-07-01
Online:
2017-08-20
Published:
2017-08-31
Contact:
Ren Mingxun
摘要:
岛屿是开展生物区系与生物地理学研究的天然实验室。海南岛是中国唯一的热带大陆性岛屿, 地处中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和马来西亚亚区交界地带, 物种来源与迁移历史十分复杂。本文首先分析了海南岛苦苣苔科物种多样性与地理分布格局, 然后利用核基因ITS1/2和叶绿体基因trnL-F序列建立海南岛苦苣苔科植物的系统发育树, 揭示其物种迁移历史与特有类群的形成时间。海南岛苦苣苔科野生类群虽然仅有14属24种, 但包括了扁蒴苣苔属(Cathayanthe)和盾叶苣苔属(Metapetrocosme) 2个特有属、8个特有种(含1变种)。面积归一化处理后, 海南岛该科的特有种比例仅次于广西, 远高于云南和邻国越南。物种组成相似度分析结果显示, 海南岛与广东省的共有物种最多, 这可能是第三纪末期(~3 Ma)几度海进海退过程中, 海南岛通过雷州半岛与广东多次连接的结果。海南岛苦苣苔科植物在海拔400-1,000 m和1,400 m以上形成2个集中分布区, 特有种则集中分布在高海拔区域, 表明海南岛中南部连绵的高山是苦苣苔科特有种形成与维持的一个重要原因。海南岛有着亚洲苦苣苔科的多个基部类群, 且都与东南亚共享; 海南岛-中国大陆分布的类群则处于系统树的较新分支, 表明海南岛苦苣苔科植物早期是从东南亚迁入。海南岛两个特有属的形成时间约在12 Ma, 特有种也都在15-5 Ma才分化出来, 这可能与印度板块撞击亚欧板块导致的东亚季风气候(约28 Ma)和此时海南岛远距大陆约100 km造成的隔离作用有关。
凌少军, 孟千万, 唐亮, 任明迅 (2017) 海南岛苦苣苔科植物的地理分布格局与系统发育关系. 生物多样性, 25, 807-815. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016360.
Shaojun Ling, Qianwan Meng, Liang Tang, Mingxun Ren (2017) Gesneriaceae on Hainan Island: distribution patterns and phylogenetic relationships. Biodiversity Science, 25, 807-815. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016360.
地区 Region | 面积 Area (×104 km2) | 海拔高差 Elevation range (m) | 物种数 No. of species | 特有种数 No. of endemic species | 物种密度 Species density | 特有指数 Endemic index | 与海南岛相似性的Jaccard指数 Jaccard index of similarity between the region and Hainan Island |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南岛 Hainan Island | 3.54 | 1,867 | 24 | 8 | 18.985 | 0.396 | — |
云南 Yunnan | 39.10 | 6,664 | 236 | 106 | 64.373 | 0.222 | 0.040 |
广西 Guangxi | 23.67 | 2,141 | 211 | 120 | 66.683 | 0.417 | 0.044 |
贵州 Guizhou | 17.62 | 2,793 | 97 | 28 | 33.809 | 0.141 | 0.052 |
广东 Guangdong | 17.98 | 1,882 | 60 | 20 | 20.767 | 0.173 | 0.167 |
越南 Vietnam | 32.90 | 3,143 | 60 | 21 | 17.175 | 0.154 | 0.050 |
表1 海南岛与邻近地区苦苣苔科物种多样性比较
Table 1 Comparison of species diversity of Gesneriaceae between Hainan Island with its nearby regions
地区 Region | 面积 Area (×104 km2) | 海拔高差 Elevation range (m) | 物种数 No. of species | 特有种数 No. of endemic species | 物种密度 Species density | 特有指数 Endemic index | 与海南岛相似性的Jaccard指数 Jaccard index of similarity between the region and Hainan Island |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南岛 Hainan Island | 3.54 | 1,867 | 24 | 8 | 18.985 | 0.396 | — |
云南 Yunnan | 39.10 | 6,664 | 236 | 106 | 64.373 | 0.222 | 0.040 |
广西 Guangxi | 23.67 | 2,141 | 211 | 120 | 66.683 | 0.417 | 0.044 |
贵州 Guizhou | 17.62 | 2,793 | 97 | 28 | 33.809 | 0.141 | 0.052 |
广东 Guangdong | 17.98 | 1,882 | 60 | 20 | 20.767 | 0.173 | 0.167 |
越南 Vietnam | 32.90 | 3,143 | 60 | 21 | 17.175 | 0.154 | 0.050 |
DNA片段 DNA fragment | 引物序列 Sequence | 片段大小 Fragment size | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
核基因片段 ITS1/2 | ITS1: TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG | 851 bp | White et al, 1990 |
ITS2: GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC | |||
叶绿体基因片段 trnL-F | trnL: CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTAGG | 859 bp | Wang et al, 2010 |
trnF: ATTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG |
表2 确定苦苣苔科植物系统关系的DNA片段及其引物
Table 2 DNA fragments and the primers used for phylogenetic studies of Gesneriaceae species
DNA片段 DNA fragment | 引物序列 Sequence | 片段大小 Fragment size | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
核基因片段 ITS1/2 | ITS1: TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG | 851 bp | White et al, 1990 |
ITS2: GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC | |||
叶绿体基因片段 trnL-F | trnL: CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTAGG | 859 bp | Wang et al, 2010 |
trnF: ATTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG |
图2 海南岛苦苣苔科物种多样性的垂直分布。□所有物种; ■ 特有种。
Fig. 2 Altitudinal distribution of species diversity of Gesneriaceae on Hainan Island. □ All species, ■ Hainan-endemic species.
图3 根据ITS和trnL-F序列建立的海南岛苦苣苔科物种系统发育树。上方的地图显示了苦苣苔亚科在亚洲的地理分布, 示海南岛位于分布区中心。分支上的数值表示支持率。
Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree of Hainan Gesneriaceae based on ITS and trnL-F. The insert map shows the geographical distribution of Asian Gesneriaceae. Note that Hainan Island locates at the center of the distribution range. The values above branches represent Bayesian posterior probabilities.
图4 海南岛苦苣苔科植物花对称性、分布生境与海拔的转变。分支颜色含义同图3。
Fig. 4 Transitions of floral symmetry, habitat type and distribution altitude of Gesneriaceae on Hainan Isand. See Fig. 3 for the indication of branch color.
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